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Access to Destinations
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-08-044678-3

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1979

W. Fröhlich

The problems of handling technology are no longer confined to robot technology alone, i.e. to specific equipment developments, insertion devices, and industrial robots, even if…

71

Abstract

The problems of handling technology are no longer confined to robot technology alone, i.e. to specific equipment developments, insertion devices, and industrial robots, even if these are at present the main focus of attention. What is becoming increasingly significant are the problems inherent in the use of this equipment, together with solutions to the peripheral problems of whole handling systems. Equally, solutions to these problems are to be sought where no fixed or freely‐programmable handling equipment is needed, e.g. on packing‐machines or bottle‐filling plant. And the problem of “gripping” or of “clamping” workpieces or products occurs in almost all production processes.

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Industrial Robot: An International Journal, vol. 6 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

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Book part
Publication date: 7 December 2023

Annett Maiwald

This chapter examines early childhood pedagogy in Germany. It developed in the wake of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) education debate, and the…

Abstract

This chapter examines early childhood pedagogy in Germany. It developed in the wake of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) education debate, and the expansion of higher education led to new types of application-oriented courses. For a long time, child day care in Germany was not seen as a subject of theoretical worth. Vocational training for kindergarten teachers, overwhelmingly employed in day care centers, has not yet been academized. The academic study of childhood pedagogy is a thereof separate project, taught especially at universities of applied science. Nevertheless, constructions of new disciplines are directed toward professional fields, for which they claim relevance with their academic training. With its focus on “Bildung” childhood pedagogy in Germany claims to offer a scientifically based solution to the practical problems of action in child day care. This chapter discusses the specific content of the curricula statistical figures of graduates at universities and in the fields of practice. It provides first empirical clarification on observable phenomena of a scientific “penetration” of cognitive rationality in kindergartens. It fosters an academic habitus that induces a distancing from direct interaction with children, leads to a diversification of tasks in day care centers, and promotes hierarchical processes of professional role differentiation in the field of childcare.

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How Universities Transform Occupations and Work in the 21st Century: The Academization of German and American Economies
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-849-2

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Article
Publication date: 24 June 2019

Niaz B. Khan, Zainah B. Ibrahim, Mian Ashfaq Ali, Mohammed Jameel, Muhammad Ijaz Khan, Ahad Javanmardi and D.O. Oyejobi

Over the past few decades, the flow around circular cylinders has been one of the highly researched topics in the field of offshore engineering and fluid-structure interaction…

279

Abstract

Purpose

Over the past few decades, the flow around circular cylinders has been one of the highly researched topics in the field of offshore engineering and fluid-structure interaction (FSI). In the current study, numerical simulations for flow around a fixed circular cylinder are performed at Reynolds number (Re) = 3900 with the LES method using the ICEM-CFD and ANSYS Fluent tool for meshing and analysis, respectively. Previously, similar studies have been conducted at the same Reynolds number, but there have been discrepancies in the results, particularly in calculating the recirculation length and angle of separation. In addition, the purpose of this study is to address the impact of time interval averaging to obtain the fully converged solution.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents the LES method, using the ICEM-CFD and ANSYS fluent tool for meshing and analysis.

Findings

In the current study, turbulence statistics are sampled for 25, 50, 75 and 100 vortex-shedding cycles with the CFL value O (1). The recirculation length, angle of separation, hydrodynamic coefficients and the wake behind the cylinder are investigated up to ten diameters. The drag coefficient and Strouhal number are observed to be less sensitive, whereas the recirculation length appeared to be highly dependent on the average time statistics and the non-dimensional time step. Similarly, the mean streamwise and cross-flow velocity are observed to be sensitive to the average time statistics and non-dimensional time step in the wake region near the cylinder.

Originality/value

In the current investigation, turbulence statistics are sampled for 25, 50, 75 and 100 vortex-shedding cycles with the CFL value O (1), using large eddy simulation method at Re = 3900 around a circular cylinder. The impact of time interval averaging to obtain the fully converged mean flow field is addressed. No such consideration is yet published in the literature.

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International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 30 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 11 February 2025

Emad S. Shafik

This review aims to present the problems facing the rubber industry, including a shortage of raw materials such as fillers and ways to overcome them by finding renewable…

11

Abstract

Purpose

This review aims to present the problems facing the rubber industry, including a shortage of raw materials such as fillers and ways to overcome them by finding renewable, environmentally friendly natural alternatives that can be used as fillers in the rubber industry, with the aim of preserving the environment from pollution and reducing the cost of products. This research also presents new varieties of eco-friendly and renewable fillers for rubber composites including agricultural waste, biochar and biofiller and also presents methods of treating them to improve the mechanical properties of the composites.

Design/methodology/approach

Agricultural waste is a sustainable energy resource that possesses various potential applications, such as its utilization in the production of construction materials and multifunctional components for automobiles. Researchers have focused on how to channel agricultural waste fibers into valuable materials while preserving environmental and human health by considering their potential for industrial use. These fillers have an excellent chance to replace or supplement the current carbon black derived from petroleum or the undesirable bulky mineral fillers. To improve the efficiency of waste natural fibers in rubber composites, several types of surface treatment techniques have been investigated including alkaline treatment, silane treatment and permanganate treatment.

Findings

Adding 10 phr of cereal straw to natural rubber increases the tensile strength and hardness compared to blank natural rubber, as the tensile strength increased from 13.53 MPa for natural rubber to 15.3 for rubber containing 10 phr of untreated cereal straw filler and became 19.6 MPa in the case of using filler treated with peroxide. Also, tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break of the kenaf fiber-filled natural rubber composites are higher for composites with silane coupling agent. The utilization of sustainable biofillers as reinforcement in rubber composites has shown promising results in enhancing the performance of tires and other rubber products.

Originality/value

This review presents a new approach to evaluating the effect of using eco-friendly and sustainable reinforcing fillers for the rubber industry to preserve the environment and reduce production costs.

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Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1990

J.G. Llaurado

After analysing the differences between ionising and non‐ionisingradiations, the author considers the interaction between radiations andthe environment, in particular that…

98

Abstract

After analysing the differences between ionising and non‐ionising radiations, the author considers the interaction between radiations and the environment, in particular that affecting human tissues. The mechanism of the interaction is described in detail. It is shown that no consensus exists at present as to whether the electric or magnetic field is biologically important. Another difficulty is that roles of field strength, duration of exposure, and intermittent versus continuous exposure are also unknown at present. It is maintained that several years of research in biomedical sciences are needed to determine what components of exposure are the factors in health disorders induced by electromagnetic fields.

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Environmental Management and Health, vol. 1 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0956-6163

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Book part
Publication date: 16 November 2022

Thomas Behrends and Larissa Binder

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are a central backbone of (most) national economies. Research shows, that due to their smaller size, SMEs not only have comparatively

Abstract

Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are a central backbone of (most) national economies. Research shows, that due to their smaller size, SMEs not only have comparatively less formalized, less complex, and less specialized organizational structures, but a somewhat different social character as well. It is in particular the interplay of these structural and cultural peculiarities of SMEs that is difficult to impart perceptibly in regular university courses on Small Business Management.

From a managerial science perspective, the structural as well as social characteristics of small non-profit organizations are quite similar to the above-mentioned features of SMEs. Both types of organizations usually function in a less bureaucratic and more personal way, while also being a bit more chaotic sometimes. In addition, both are often facing the challenges of severe resource scarcity as well as a lack of management competencies.

In view of these fundamental similarities between SMEs and small non-profit organizations, the practical seminar Service Learning Project was designed to provide management students at Europa-Universität Flensburg with the opportunity of experiencing typical small business work realities. Here, student teams support local non-profit organizations in meeting typical management challenges ranging from the conception and implementation of fundraising or image campaigns to internal consultancy projects. In this way, the seminar offers the possibility to deal with real-world practical management issues while concurrently strengthening students’ civic societal awareness, fostering empathy, and overcoming the oftentimes overly pronounced distance between science and life-world practice.

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2004

Hormoz Movassaghi, Alka Bramhandkar and Milen Shikov

This study examines the fund‐level correlates of return and share price discount or premium for the closed end funds (CEFs) investing in emerging and developed capital markets. It…

925

Abstract

This study examines the fund‐level correlates of return and share price discount or premium for the closed end funds (CEFs) investing in emerging and developed capital markets. It also compares the performance of CEFs investing in emerging markets with similar types of funds that invested in the developed markets, especially significant in light of recent economic crises experienced by a number of such emerging economies and their ripple (contagion) effects felt in other emerging or developed capital markets. Lastly, as emerging markets constitute a wide array of countries with very different economic records, this paper looks into the performance of emerging markets CEFs by region as well as the performance of single‐country versus regional funds. Findings confirmed results of many studies of domestic and international open‐ or closed‐end funds on determinants of return and share price discount or premium. Emerging capital markets also continued to provide an outlet for international investors to improve their portfolio return despite significant volatility that surrounded them during the study period. Lastly, this study did not find any compelling evidence for consistent superior performance by CEFs investing in any particular region or country within the emerging markets.

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Managerial Finance, vol. 30 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

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Article
Publication date: 25 September 2009

Ulf Daniel Ehlers

The purpose of this paper is to develop a holistic understanding of quality in higher education which reveals the current debates about accreditation or quality process standards…

10423

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a holistic understanding of quality in higher education which reveals the current debates about accreditation or quality process standards as insufficient, and to propose an enhanced model for quality culture in educational organisations.

Design/methodology/approach

The conceptual framework is based on relevant research in the field of quality development for education, and integrates it with a series of previously published works related to quality methodologies, quality literacy and quality as a multidimensional concept. Quality is approached from an educational science perspective, and is understood as a relationship among all the participants and resources of an educational scenario.

Findings

The paper establishes the foundation for a comprehensive understanding and analysis of quality culture in organisations, focussing on higher education. While this understanding of quality as part of the organisational culture seems to gain more importance there is still a lack of fundamental research and conceptual understanding of the phenomenon in itself. Quality development in higher education is often limited to bureaucratic documentation, and disregards the development of quality as an organisation's holistic culture. However, there is a need to focus on promoting a quality culture which is enabling individual actors to continuously improve their educational practice.

Originality/value

The original value of the paper is to approach quality development in higher education from an organisation's cultural perspective. When the conceptual foundations for empirical research are worked out, the professionals can benefit by understanding the interrelated nature of educational quality and organisational culture in higher education institutions.

Details

Quality Assurance in Education, vol. 17 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0968-4883

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Book part
Publication date: 19 November 2019

Yvonne A. Lamptey and Yaw A. Debrah

The informal sector is expanding in the developing countries while the formal sector is shrinking. The loss of employees through workforce reduction strategies has adversely…

Abstract

The informal sector is expanding in the developing countries while the formal sector is shrinking. The loss of employees through workforce reduction strategies has adversely affected trade union membership in Ghana. To make up for the loss of members, the trade unions recruit the informal workers into their fold. Using in-depth interviews, this study explores trade union organization of informal workers and the suitability of these forms of organization within the informal sector in Ghana. The results indicate that formal trade unions are desperately adopting traditional methods and structures to organize informal workers into their fold without success. There is therefore the need for the informal workers to self-organize and for the trade unions to create streams of membership for affiliation.

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Advances in Industrial and Labor Relations
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83909-192-6

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