Virginia E. O′Leary and Judy L. Johnson
Proportions of women in executive, managerial, and administrativepositions in the USA are increasing rapidly. The presence of women inthese positions has helped them in their…
Abstract
Proportions of women in executive, managerial, and administrative positions in the USA are increasing rapidly. The presence of women in these positions has helped them in their climb up the corporate ladder and allowed them to begin to break through the “glass ceiling”. However, entrance into these upper‐management positions has not come without costs to women. Isolation and loneliness, owing to token status, sex‐segregated work, and sexual harassment, commonly occur among women. Factors that cause these experiences and measures that may mitigate loneliness, such as networking and mentoring, are discussed.
Details
Keywords
Volume 64 Part 4 of the Journal of Occupational Psychology includes an article by Hazel M. Rosin and Karen Korabik entitled “Workplace variables, affective responses, and…
Abstract
Volume 64 Part 4 of the Journal of Occupational Psychology includes an article by Hazel M. Rosin and Karen Korabik entitled “Workplace variables, affective responses, and intention to leave among women managers”.
Earmarks have long been the subject of controversy, touted by pundits and politicians on one hand as the means for bringing home the bacon and on the other as pork-barrel…
Abstract
Earmarks have long been the subject of controversy, touted by pundits and politicians on one hand as the means for bringing home the bacon and on the other as pork-barrel spending. In relation to federal spending, the amount of annual earmarked dollars is insignificant; at its zenith in FY 2005 earmarked spending comprised only 6 percent of the year’s total appropriations. Yet preliminary research indicates that earmarks are an increasingly important source of funding for essential state services, such as infrastructure, social services, and economic development. Especially in times of fiscal stress, earmarks save state governments hundreds of millions of dollars in agency program funds and intergovernmental transfers. This study examines the congressional earmarks contained in appropriations legislation for FY 2000 through 2009 to assess trends in categorical distributions across and within the states during the period. The data illustrate a shift in allocations over the decade, from infrastructure, community development and environmental priorities to social and emergency services, higher education and energy needs.
Looks at the Challenger Learning Center in West Virginia, USA, and its e‐Mission: Operation Monserrat Island, a distance learning program designed to meet state and national…
Abstract
Looks at the Challenger Learning Center in West Virginia, USA, and its e‐Mission: Operation Monserrat Island, a distance learning program designed to meet state and national standards in the areas of maths and science in grades 6 through 12. States that this is done via the Internet with the use of computers and a small camera. Concludes that this is a unique hands‐on learning experience with the potential to reach a great number of students.
Details
Keywords
Jim Hutchison and Sidhartha R. Das
To examine and analyze the decision process that a firm undergoes for acquiring an advanced manufacturing system to obtain manufacturing flexibility for its operations.
Abstract
Purpose
To examine and analyze the decision process that a firm undergoes for acquiring an advanced manufacturing system to obtain manufacturing flexibility for its operations.
Design/methodology/approach
A case study approach is used to examine these decision processes. A conceptual contingency‐based framework from the literature is used to guide the analysis. The framework proposes that four exogenous variables – strategy, environmental factors, organizational attributes, and technology – guide a firm's decisions on choice and adoption of manufacturing flexibility, which has an effect on the firm's performance.
Findings
The analysis shows that these decisions are aligned with the various relationships in the framework. The framework therefore helps understand and explain the above decision processes. Further, the paper expands the concept of “fit” between the variables in the framework.
Research limitations/implications
Several research propositions are developed based on the findings of this study. The findings in this paper are limited to this case study only. The paper does not attempt to validate theory but applies it in the context of examining and analyzing a company's decisions.
Practical implications
The suggested relationships in the conceptual framework are found to be applicable in a business setting. Practitioners can use the conceptual framework to guide them in making decisions when acquiring advanced manufacturing systems to obtain manufacturing flexibility.
Originality/value
This case study captures richness and detail in the decision‐making processes of an individual firm that are missed by other types of research studies. It helps both academics and practitioners to gain a better understanding of these processes.
Details
Keywords
Carroll Underwood Stephens and Anthony T. Cobb
Organizational development has begun to incorporate research findings from organizational justice into its own intervention technology. Because perceptions of fairness can…
Abstract
Organizational development has begun to incorporate research findings from organizational justice into its own intervention technology. Because perceptions of fairness can facilitate change success, it is quite natural to do so. Business ethicists are concerned, however, that such technology is aimed more at making change “look fair” than being fair. We label these two perspectives the “technical” and “philosophical” perspectives respectively. Proponents of the technical perspective argue that achieving justice will always be a struggle in the concrete world of organizational change. Critical ethicists question whether a technical approach to justice in change can ever really achieve it. The article presents these two positions more fully and goes on to develop a synthesis of them. Relying on Habermas and others, it presents how technical and philosophical perspectives can complement one another to achieve justice in organizational change.
Details
Keywords
Nuray Selma Ozdipciner, Xiangping Li and Muzaffer Uysal
The main purpose of this study is to draw implications about simultaneous consideration of demographics, preferences and attitudes in understanding travel behavior decision…
Abstract
Purpose
The main purpose of this study is to draw implications about simultaneous consideration of demographics, preferences and attitudes in understanding travel behavior decision criteria.
Design/methodology/approach
Convenience sampling was used to collect data. In 2006 university students in Turkey collected data from visitors at hotels. From distribution of 1,067 questionnaires, 906 usable questionnaires were collected. Data used are for Turkish (local), European and Asian tourists.
Findings
One expects Turkish tourists, European tourists, and Asian tourists in Turkey will differ in demographics, preferences and attitudes. Oblique factors are determined to reduce the dimensions for attitudes. ANOVA and chi‐square show variable specific differences between groups. However, considering multiple variables results in showing multiple variables are important in understanding behavior.
Research limitations/implications
The research demonstrates the importance of joint consideration of demographics, preference and attitudes. This research does not apply to a particular population since convenience sampling was used.
Practical implications
Understanding the complexity of the relationship between decision making and its possible determinants shows the value of having demographic, preference and attitude information.
Originality/value
The research involves analysis across origin countries or regions, and focuses on one type of variable (e.g. attitude). This research uses univariate and multivariate results to show the importance of having and using multivariate data.
Details
Keywords
This paper aims to be a critical reflection on the author's position as a Black female academic in the academy, and comes from a motivation to raise Black consciousness about the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to be a critical reflection on the author's position as a Black female academic in the academy, and comes from a motivation to raise Black consciousness about the importance of Black feminist scholarship.
Design/methodology/approach
The author identifies the unique position of Black feminism, which has had to define itself apart from second‐wave feminism of the 1970s, which marginalised non‐White women and the Civil Rights movement, which marginalised women. The oppression faced by Black feminists is apparent in the shifting platforms of identity that Black feminists occupy in the academy. Another obstacle is the restricted and incomplete picture of feminism in the academy, which sidelines Black feminist writing. One of the ways to raise awareness is to focus on the corpus of Black writing and to re‐position it within academic core curricula, rather than relegating it to specialised courses.
Findings
It is found that Black feminism is marginalised in the academy in scholarship and representation. It is also found that students are more receptive to ideas about feminism when approaching the subject indirectly.
Research limitations/implications
One limitation of the study is an absence of theoretical literature from a UK context.
Social implications
The paper highlights the marginalisation of Black feminism in the academy.
Originality/value
The subjects of “feminism in academia” and the representation of “Black and minority ethnics in the Academy” have been explored in scholarship. However the combination of these terms, namely the role of the Black feminist in the academy, is a comparatively unexplored subject. Hence, the originality of this paper.
Details
Keywords
Hina Khalid, David S.T. Matkin and Ricardo S. Morse
This article explores collaborative capital budgeting in U.S. local governments. To date, the capital budgeting literature has focused on practices within individual governments…
Abstract
This article explores collaborative capital budgeting in U.S. local governments. To date, the capital budgeting literature has focused on practices within individual governments. This leaves a gap in our understanding because a large portion of capital planning, acquisition, and maintenance occurs through collaboration between two or more local governments. Drawing on the capital budgeting and collaborative public management literature, and on illustrative cases of collaborative capital budgeting in the United States, an inductive approach is used to: (1) identify and categorize the different objectives that motivate local officials to pursue collaborative agreements, (2) examine common patterns in the types of assets involved in collaboration, and (3) discover common institutional arrangements in collaboration agreements. The research findings demonstrate significant heterogeneity in the objectives, patterns, and institutions of collaborative capital budgeting.