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This paper presents CoreLab, a sizing environment for electrical devices, based on a new software component standard, ICAR, which offers the possibility of multifaceted components. CoreLab supports the different steps of the sizing procedure of an electrical device by using an optimisation algorithm. It is open, which means that modules can be added to perform new functionalities.

The design of an electrical device has to comply with more and more constraints. In order to integrate and to manage all of these constraints during a design step, the paper proposes a sizing methodology based on an constrained optimisation by using analytical models of the device, and by encapsulating them into software components. Added to these services for the calculation of the sizing model, other services can be useful for the designer during the optimization phase, e.g. the geometry display of the device for each optimisation iteration. In this way, the approach proposes a new software component standard, Interfaces for Component Architecture (ICAR). It offers the possibility of multi‐facetted components. The paper also proposes an integrated environment to manage these software components, and their interactions: Core‐Lab. These components are then plugged to an optimisation component (algorithm), which manages the different constraints specified by the designer and finds the optimal sizing of the device.

The paper presents the ICAR standard and an environment to manage ICAR components: Core‐Lab: the creation of the components (from an analytical model or an existing computation); the projection from one component standard to another; and the composition of components to create a more complex one.

The use of software component approach is useful for the sizing of devices. The paper proposes a new standard to support the different aspects of the use of software components during the design of a device: ICAR. Complementary, an open integrated environment is proposed to use these components: CoreLab, but any environment being modified to accept ICAR standard can use ICAR component. So, components can be used in several environments, for example for calculation or optimisation. Components of different types can be gathered together to built a complete application for sizing, e.g. by connection of calculation components (for the sizing model), optimisation component and post‐processing components.

As hybrid organisations operating at the intersection of opposing institutional logics, social enterprises (SEs) pursue the creation of social value w hile functioning as businesses, which generates tensions between social and business concerns. Limited knowledge exists, however, of how hybridity is managed at the intra-individual level. Drawing on regulatory focus theory (RFT), this paper investigates the role of self-regulation in managing hybridity tensions in SEs.

A multiple-case design is useful in investigating the situated cognitive mechanisms underlying individual self-regulation in the context of managing tensions in SEs. The authors interviewed 22 managers from Belgian SEs that had been active in the home-care sector for at least five years before the COVID-19 pandemic to understand how managers handle the tensions between social and business concerns through self-regulation.

The authors show that managers in SEs experience three forms of tensioning: tensioning as intertwining, tensioning as competition and tensioning as superseding. Managers respond differently to tensions depending on their self-regulatory focus (promotion versus prevention) on social and business goals, and this is reflected in their hybridity practices (entrepreneurship, commercialisation, corporatisation and managerialisation). Informed by both social and business logics, hybridity practices serve as tactics used as part of managers' self-regulation, enabling them to handle tensions.

By studying the interactions between individual cognition and institutional logics, this study contributes to the micro-foundations of institutional logics by revealing the role of self-regulation mechanisms in managing tensions in hybrid organisations.

Does a strong commitment to an exchange rate peg reduce the cost of financial capital to less developed countries? We use a sample of twelve Caribbean countries to examine the impact that the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU), a currency board/monetary union, has in lowering the cost of borrowing to its members. Results from estimations on individual and pooled annual data from 1976–1999 indicate that membership in the ECCU, in addition to other policy variables, significantly reduces the cost of financial capital.

Purpose – This chapter provides a roadmap for future research and evaluation on violent extremist risk analysis.

Methodology/Approach – The authors synthesize the lessons learned from process evaluations of general violence risk assessment, bias research, survey designs, linguistic analyses, and spatial analyses, and apply them to the problem of violent extremist risk assessment and management.

Findings – The next generation of violent extremist risk assessment research will necessitate a focus upon process, barriers to effective implementation and taking the human element of decision-making into account. Furthermore, the development of putative risk factors for violent extremist attitudes and behaviors necessitates a movement toward more survey-based research designs. Future risk assessment processes may additionally take language and spatial components into account for a more holistic understanding.

Originality/Value – Based on existing literature, there is a paucity of research conducting process evaluations, survey designs, linguistic analyses, and spatial analyses in this area. The authors provide several roadmaps, assessments of respective strengths and weaknesses, and highlight some initial promising results.

This chapter addresses the issue of the Global South external debt by mobilizing insights from Modern Monetary Theory, Ecological Economics, and Dependency Theory. It argues that the external debt problem of Southern governments is a reflection of their subordinate economic and monetary status. It shows why the argument of foreign currency shortage often used to explain the need for Southern governments to issue foreign currency debts remains superficial. In contrast to the usual focus on creditors, the chapter highlights the role played by foreign direct investment in the genesis of the chronic external indebtedness of most Southern countries. It argues then that the external debt of the South must be understood holistically not only as a manifestation of the unequal ecological exchange between the North and the South but also as an instrument that has contributed to reproducing and amplifying this pattern. Under these conditions, the cancellation or restructuring of the South's external debt stock and a few other unlikely concessions by the Northern countries will not be enough to abolish the “debt system.” This is an important lesson from the antiimperialist critique of the mid-1970s New International Economic Order (NIEO) agenda that current movements for Southern debt cancellation and Climate Justice would do well to remember.

This chapter analyzes the ways that individuals develop person-to-group ties. The chapter reviews the development and evidentiary basis of the theory of relational cohesion, the affect theory of social exchange, and the theory of social commitments.

We survey twenty-five years of published literature on these theories, and review unpublished theoretical tests and extensions that are currently in progress.

The research program has grown substantially over the past twenty-five years to encompass more varied and diverse phenomena. The findings indicate that structural interdependencies, repeated exchanges, and a sense of shared responsibility are key conditions for people to develop affective ties to groups, organizations, and even nation-states.

The research implies that if people are engaged in joint tasks, they attribute positive or negative feelings from those tasks to their local groups (teams, departments) and/or to larger organizations (companies, communities). To date, empirical tests have focused on microlevel processes.

Our work has practical implications for how managers or supervisors organize tasks and work routines in a way to maximize group or organizational commitment.

This research helps to understand problems of fragmentation that are faced by decentralized organizations and also how these can be overcome.

The chapter represents the most complete and comprehensive review of the theory of relational cohesion, the affect theory of social exchange, and the theory of social commitments to date.