Vivek Kumar Tiwary, Arunkumar P. and Vinayak R. Malik
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, one of the important technological pillars of Industry 4.0, is changing the landscape of future manufacturing. However, the limited build volume…
Abstract
Purpose
Three-dimensional (3D) printing, one of the important technological pillars of Industry 4.0, is changing the landscape of future manufacturing. However, the limited build volume of a commercially available 3D printer is one inherent constraint, which holds its acceptability by the manufacturing business leaders. This paper aims to address the issue by presenting a novel classification of the possible ways by which 3D-printed parts can be joined or welded to achieve a bigger-sized component.
Design/methodology/approach
A two-step literature review is performed. The first section deals with the past and present research studies related to adhesive bonding, mechanical interlocking, fastening and big area additive manufacturing of 3D printed thermoplastics. In the second section, the literature searches were focused on retrieving details related to the welding of 3D printed parts, specifically related to friction stir welding, friction (spin) welding, microwave and ultrasonic welding.
Findings
The key findings of this review study comprise the present up-to-date research developments, pros, cons, critical challenges and the future research directions related to each of the joining/welding techniques. After reading this study, a better understanding of how and which joining/welding technique to be applied to obtain a bigger volume 3D printed component will be acquired.
Practical implications
The study provides a realistic approach for the joining of 3D printed parts made by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique.
Originality/value
This is the first literature review related to joining or welding of FDM-3D printed parts helping the 3D printing fraternity and researchers, thus increasing the acceptability of low-cost FDM printers by the manufacturing business leaders.
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Vivek Kumar Tiwary, Arunkumar Padmakumar and Vinayak R. Malik
Material extrusion (MEX) 3D printers suffer from an intrinsic limitation of small size of the prints due to its restricted bed dimension. On the other hand, friction stir spot…
Abstract
Purpose
Material extrusion (MEX) 3D printers suffer from an intrinsic limitation of small size of the prints due to its restricted bed dimension. On the other hand, friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is gaining wide interest from automobile, airplane, off-road equipment manufacturers and even consumer electronics. This paper aims to explore the possibility of FSSW on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/Polylactic acid 3D-printed components to overcome the bed size limitation of MEX 3D printers.
Design/methodology/approach
Four different tool geometries (tapered cylindrical pin with/without concavity, pinless with/without concavity) were used to produce the joints. Three critical process parameters related to FSSW (tool rotational speed, plunge depth and dwell time) and two related to 3D printing (material combination and infill percentages) were investigated and optimized using the Taguchi L27 design of experiments. The influence of each welding parameter on the shear strength was evaluated by analysis of variance.
Findings
Results revealed that the infill percentage, a 3D printing parameter, had the maximum effect on the joint strength. The joints displayed pull nugget, cross nugget and substrate failure morphologies. The outcome resulted in the joint efficiency reaching up to 100.3%, better than that obtained by other competitive processes for 3D-printed thermoplastics. The results, when applied to weld a UAV wing, showed good strength and integrity. Further, grafting the joints with nylon micro-particles was also investigated, resulting in a detrimental effect on the strength.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that the welding of dissimilar 3D-printed thermoplastics with/without microparticles is possible by FSSW, whilst the process parameters have a considerable consequence on the bond strength.
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Srinivas Prabhu, Padmakumar Bajakke and Vinayak Malik
In-situ aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC) have taken over the use of ex-situ AMMC due to the generation of finer and thermodynamically stable intermetallic compounds…
Abstract
Purpose
In-situ aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMC) have taken over the use of ex-situ AMMC due to the generation of finer and thermodynamically stable intermetallic compounds. However, conventional processing routes pose inevitable defects like porosity and agglomeration of particles. This paper aims to study current state of progress in in-situ AMMC fabricated by Friction Stir Processing.
Design/methodology/approach
Friction stir processing (FSP) has successfully evolved to be a favorable in-situ composite manufacturing technique. The dynamics of the process account for a higher plastic strain of 35 and a strain rate of 75 per second. These processing conditions are responsible for grain evolution from rolled grain → dislocation walls and dislocation tangles → subgrains → dislocation multiplication → new grains. Working of matrix and reinforcement under ultra-high strain rate and shorter exposure time to high temperatures produce ultra-fine grains. Do the grain evolution modes include subgrain boundaries → subgrain boundaries and high angle grain boundaries → high angle grain boundaries.
Findings
Further, the increased strain and strain rate can shave and disrupt the oxide layer on the surface of particles and enhance wettability between the constituents. The frictional heat generated by tool and workpiece interaction is sufficient enough to raise the temperature to facilitate the exothermic reaction between the constituents. The heat released during the exothermic reaction can even raise the temperature and accelerate the reaction kinetics. In addition, heat release may cause local melting of the matrix material which helps to form strong interfacial bonds.
Originality/value
This article critically reviews the state of the art in the fabrication of in-situ AMMC through FSP. Further, FSP as a primary process and post-processing technique in the synthesis of in-situ AMMC are also dealt with.
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Suhail Ahmed Manroo, Noor Zaman Khan, Babar Ahmad and Vinayak Malik
Altering the microstructure and developing the surface metal matrix composites (MMCs) in a solid-state by friction stir processing (FSP) has been on trend for the past decade. The…
Abstract
Purpose
Altering the microstructure and developing the surface metal matrix composites (MMCs) in a solid-state by friction stir processing (FSP) has been on trend for the past decade. The microstructural modification increases the material properties, which are structure sensitive. The microstructural evolution is highly influenced by the selection of process parameters in FSP. In this study, the effect of process parameters on the microstructure evolution and microhardness of the fabrication of surface MMCs of newly commercialized Mg-ZE41 alloy by the incorporation of different reinforcement particles such as ZrO2, CeO2 and Al2O3 is investigated.
Design/methodology/approach
By making use of Taguchi’s design of experimentation, which recognizes the crucial factors and ascertain their effect on the properties of the material, the optimization of process parameters for this study was done using MATLAB-14 software. The parameters were adopted along with the levels throughout the FSP for the fabrication of different surface MMCs. For each reinforcement particle, two factors at three levels each had L9 factorial design were used to analyse the effect of these factors on the processing result (microstructure, grain refinement and hardness). The two different factors used in this study are tool rotational speed (TRS) and tool traverse speed (TTS) as a part of the full factorial design matrix for different surface MMCs.
Findings
Among all combinations, TRS of 1500 rpm and TTS of 20 mm/min. for ZE41-ZrO2 MMCs and ZE41-CeO2 MMCs were observed as optimum to produce defect-free processed zone along with the high level of grain refinement and hardness, whereas for ZE41-Al2O3 the same was obtained at 1500 rpm TRS and 10 mm/min TTS.
Originality/value
In this paper, the role of process parameters in the development of surface MMCs on newly commercialized Mg-ZE41 alloy by FSP is investigated. The effect of TRS and TTS on microstructure evolution, grain refinement and microhardness is analysed. Hence, in this study, the optimum parameters for the fabrication of surface MMCs of Mg-ZE41 alloy have thus been established.
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Pooja Malik, Usha Lenka and Debashish Kumar Sahoo
The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework associating globalization, workforce diversity, and deviance and suggest micro-macro HRM strategies to overcome…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework associating globalization, workforce diversity, and deviance and suggest micro-macro HRM strategies to overcome challenges associated with the workforce diversity and workplace deviance.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review of literature of past 25 years was carried out with the key word “globalization, workforce diversity, and deviance” from several electronic databases.
Findings
Findings propose micro-macro HRM strategies to be adopted by HR practitioners in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) organizations to manage workforce diversity and deviance in the age of globalization.
Research limitations/implications
The challenges due to workforce diversity may get worse because ASEAN is more incongruent in terms of phases of economic, social, cultural, and political advancement. Therefore, proposed model can be tested and compared in different ASEAN organizations.
Originality/value
There is a dearth of literature associating globalization, workforce diversity, and deviance. This paper bridges this gap by proposing a conceptual framework in the ASEAN context and suggests micro-macro HRM strategies to be adopted by HRM practitioners to overcome associated challenges with workforce diversity and deviance.
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Tulsi Pawan Fowdur and Ashven Sanghan
The purpose of this paper is to develop a blockchain-based data capture and transmission system that will collect real-time power consumption data from a household electrical…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a blockchain-based data capture and transmission system that will collect real-time power consumption data from a household electrical appliance and transfer it securely to a local server for energy analytics such as forecasting.
Design/methodology/approach
The data capture system is composed of two current transformer (CT) sensors connected to two different electrical appliances. The CT sensors send the power readings to two Arduino microcontrollers which in turn connect to a Raspberry-Pi for aggregating the data. Blockchain is then enabled onto the Raspberry-Pi through a Java API so that the data are transmitted securely to a server. The server provides real-time visualization of the data as well as prediction using the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and long short term memory (LSTM) algorithms.
Findings
The results for the blockchain analysis demonstrate that when the data readings are transmitted in smaller blocks, the security is much greater as compared with blocks of larger size. To assess the accuracy of the prediction algorithms data were collected for a 20 min interval to train the model and the algorithms were evaluated using the sliding window approach. The mean average percentage error (MAPE) was used to assess the accuracy of the algorithms and a MAPE of 1.62% and 1.99% was obtained for the LSTM and MLP algorithms, respectively.
Originality/value
A detailed performance analysis of the blockchain-based transmission model using time complexity, throughput and latency as well as energy forecasting has been performed.
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Jawad Khan, Imran Saeed, Muhammad Fayaz, Muhammad Zada and Dawood Jan
This study aims to assess the nexus between perceived overqualification (POQ), anger, knowledge hiding, cyberloafing and harmonious passion (HP).
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to assess the nexus between perceived overqualification (POQ), anger, knowledge hiding, cyberloafing and harmonious passion (HP).
Design/methodology/approach
The authors obtained 264 responses from two public traded firms in Pakistan using a supervisor-subordinated nested design and a multi-time data collecting strategy using convenience sampling.
Findings
The study results indicate that POQ positively affects knowledge hiding and cyberloafing. The authors also found anger as a potential mediator in the direct association between POQ and cyberloafing. In addition, the findings suggest that the association between POQ, knowledge hiding and cyberloafing will be weak when individuals exhibit HP towards their job roles. The results of this research, when considered as a whole, provided support for all of the hypothesised direct and indirect linkages, which has important ramifications for both theory and practise.
Research limitations/implications
This study has both theoretical and practical implications. Grounded on equity theory and relative deprivation theory, this paper asserts that HP should be used to decrease POQ affect. According to the authors, pro-environment employee actions may help build a pro-environment workplace culture as well as a pro-environment sense of responsibility, both of which can help to achieve significant pro-environment results.
Originality/value
This study builds on and fills in the gaps left by earlier research to better aid organisational researchers, practitioners and stakeholders in understanding how POQ, rage, information concealing, cyberloafing and harmonic passion interact with one another.
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Vimal Kumar, Pratima Verma, Ajay Jha, Kuei-Kuei Lai and Manh-Hoang Do
This research presents a study on the supply chain process of an Indian apparel industry considering various parameters involved. The study aims to identify the main parameters to…
Abstract
Purpose
This research presents a study on the supply chain process of an Indian apparel industry considering various parameters involved. The study aims to identify the main parameters to improve the supply chain process and develop a comprehensive structural relationship to rank them to streamline the apparel supply chain process and business environment.
Design/methodology/approach
The team of five experts from this apparel industry was made to give scores to multiple parameters. The TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) technique is used to develop the model for eleven key parameters and then rank them.
Findings
Based on the data analysis the planning, customer and warehouse storage have emerged as top three key parameters while the non-replenishment approach, push and pull strategy and manufacturing of the product are identified as the bottom three parameters from a hierarchy level. These parameters have been ranked based on their contributing attributes in this apparel supply chain process.
Research limitations/implications
The study provides an overall ranking of parameters and the implications are in the direction of helping the industry to improve its supply chain performances rather than focus only on productivity. Further, the key parameters are identified as critical inputs and show that the firms are being more proactive and well prepared comprised of the industry.
Originality/value
The study indicates that the key parameters are identified by this apparel brand to improve its supply chain process. The key supply chain process involves planning, manufacturing, distribution, end customer and returns logistics of the goods, etc. So, this research also provides the focused parameters on the supply chain performance received by end customer from the supplier and rank them for effectiveness and improve their overall organizational performance. It also provides a critical observation of their supply chain process improvement which includes different brand uses, strategies and approaches.
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Rosa Gabriela Galindo, Maria Simona Chiș, Nuria Martínez-Navarrete and María del Mar Camacho
The waste generated in the process of obtaining orange juice (J) may be used as a natural source of bioactive compounds, thus contributing to the profitability and sustainability…
Abstract
Purpose
The waste generated in the process of obtaining orange juice (J) may be used as a natural source of bioactive compounds, thus contributing to the profitability and sustainability of the process. To offer orange J as a dried matter would contribute to the integral valorisation of the J waste and also may expand the field of application.
Design/methodology/approach
To find out whether the JW matrix protects the bioactive compounds, the study compares the behaviour of the extracts of the compounds against drying with that resulting from drying the JW for further extraction. Dehydration was carried out at 25 or 50 C and gum Arabic (GA) and bamboo fibre (BF) were used as stabilising biopolymers (Bp). Vitamin C (VC) (L-ascorbic and L-dehydroascorbic acids [AA and DHAA, respectively]) and hesperidin (HES) were analysed before and after the drying.
Findings
The results suggest that to dry the JW gives a higher yield of bioactive compounds, which are also more stable, than when the extract is dried. Furthermore, both the higher temperature and the presence of the Bp favour the extraction of both VC and HES. In this way, all the waste from the orange J-processing industries is converted into a high-value product to be used for cosmeceutical or nutraceutical purposes and also as an ingredient for human food.
Social implications
The utilisation of organic waste for use in human food, but also in other sectors, is part of the new economic model that aims to do away with the concept of waste as people know it, focussing on a new paradigm in which each resource is a nutrient for nature, industry or society.
Originality/value
The results suggest that to dry the waste gives a higher yield of bioactive compounds, which are also more stable, than when the extract is dried. Furthermore, both the higher temperature and the presence of the Bp favour the extraction of both VC and HES. In that way, all the waste from the orange J-processing industries are converted into a high-value product to be used for cosmeceutical or nutraceutical purposes and also as an ingredient for human food.
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Abhishek Barwar, Prateek Kala and Rupinder Singh
Some studies have been reported in the past on diaphragmatic hernia (DH) surgery techniques using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, symptoms of a hernia and post-surgery…
Abstract
Purpose
Some studies have been reported in the past on diaphragmatic hernia (DH) surgery techniques using additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, symptoms of a hernia and post-surgery complications. But hitherto little has been reported on bibliographic analysis (BA) for health monitoring of bovine post-DH surgery for long-term management. Based on BA, this study aims to explore the sensor fabrication integrated with innovative AM technologies for health monitoring assistance of bovines post-DH surgery.
Design/methodology/approach
A BA based on the data extracted through the Web of Science database was performed using bibliometric tools (R-Studio and Biblioshiny).
Findings
After going through the BA and a case study, this review provides information on various 3D-printed meshes used over the sutured site and available Internet of Things-based solutions to prevent the recurrence of DH.
Originality/value
Research gaps exist for 3D-printed conformal sensors for health monitoring of bovine post-DH surgery.