Saikrishnan G., Jayakumari L.S. and Vijay R.
The purpose of this paper is to deal with the tribological study on the brake pads developed using various purity-based graphitized graphite.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to deal with the tribological study on the brake pads developed using various purity-based graphitized graphite.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper deals with developing copper-free brake pads by using graphite as a key lubricant produced using a graphitization process with purity percentages (85, 90 and 95%). The brake pads were developed using traditional manufacturing processes and evaluated for their physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties as per industrial standards. Fade and recovery characteristics were analyzed using a full-scale inertia brake dynamometer as per JASO-C-406. The scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the worn surfaces of the brake pads.
Findings
The testing findings reveal that the brake pads with 95% graphitized graphite showed better shear strength with good adhesion levels and lesser density, hardness, acetone extract value, loss on ignition and higher porosity. Effectiveness studies of brake pads with graphite (95% graphitized) showed better results at higher pressure speed conditions than others because of better plateau formation and adequate lubrication.
Originality/value
This paper discusses graphitized graphite of different purity influences brake pad's tribological performance by modifying tribo-films and reducing friction undulations.
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Saikrishnan G., Jayakumari L.S., Vijay R. and Lenin Singaravelu D.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of commercially available iron–aluminum alloy compared to copper, iron and aluminum powders on the tribological…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of commercially available iron–aluminum alloy compared to copper, iron and aluminum powders on the tribological performances of friction composites. The main objective is to replace copper from the friction composite formulations.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, friction composites were fabricated as of standard brake pads using commercially available iron–aluminum alloy and compared to copper powder, iron powder and aluminum powder-based without varying the other ingredients. The brake pads were developed as per the industrial procedure. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the developed brake pads were analyzed as per industrial standards. Tribological properties were analyzed using the chase test. Initial speed and deceleration tests in a real-time braking scenario were performed using a full-scale inertia brake dynamometer. Worn surface analysis was done using a scanning electron microscope.
Findings
The results indicate that iron–aluminum alloy (mechanomade)-based friction composites possess good physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties with stable fade and recovery characteristics due to its composition and flake morphology. During initial speed and deceleration braking conditions, iron–aluminum alloy also showed good tribological behavior.
Originality/value
This paper explains the influence of commercially available iron–aluminum alloy in friction composites in enhancing tribological performance by its composition and flake morphology, which could potentially replace copper in friction composites by solving subsequent problems.
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Justin Antonyraj I., Vijay R., Sathyamoorthy G. and Lenin Singaravelu D.
This paper aims to discuss the influence of graphite with varying purity on the tribological performance of brake pads.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the influence of graphite with varying purity on the tribological performance of brake pads.
Design/methodology/approach
Three distinct brake pads were created within the scope of this experiment by varying the graphite purity without affecting the other components. The brake pads were made using a traditional manufacturing procedure, and industry standards were used to test the chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the newly produced brake pad. A full-scale inertia brake dynamometer was used to determine the material’s tribological characteristics. The worn surfaces of the brake pads were examined using a scanning electron microscope.
Findings
The test results indicate that brake pads containing 99% pure graphite (artificial grade) displayed good physical, chemical and mechanical features, such as consistent friction and a reduced rate of wear because of the lower impurity level, which eliminates frictional undulations.
Originality/value
This paper discusses the influence of graphite purity on the tribological performance of brake pads by modifying tribofilms and reducing friction undulations.
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Vijay R., Manoharan S., Nagarajan S. and Lenin Singaravelu D.
The purpose of this study is to deals with the effect of premixed dual metal sulfides (tin disulfide + iron disulfide) as a replacement for antimony trisulfide on the tribological…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to deals with the effect of premixed dual metal sulfides (tin disulfide + iron disulfide) as a replacement for antimony trisulfide on the tribological performance of brake friction materials.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, brake friction materials were developed by using premixed dual metal sulfides as a replacement for antimony trisulfide in the formulation. The brake friction materials were developed in the form of standard brake pads as per the industrial practice. Thermal stability was measured for varying ingredients and developed brake pads using thermogravimetric analysis. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the developed brake pads were tested as per the industrial standards. The tribological properties were analyzed using the Chase test as per SAE J661. Worn surface analysis was done using a scanning electron microscope.
Findings
The experimental results indicate that the brake pads filled with premixed dual metal sulfides had good thermal stability, physical, chemical and mechanical properties with stable friction and less wear rate due to better lubrication preventing friction undulations.
Originality/value
This paper explains the influence of premixed dual metal sulfides as a replacement for antimony trisulfide in brake pads formulation to enhance the tribological performance by preventing friction undulations.
Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-04-2020-0144/
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Sathyamoorthy G., Vijay R. and Lenin Singaravelu D.
This study aims to discuss the impact of using bio-polymer (kraft lignin) in the formulation of passenger vehicle disc brake pads (as a substitute for cashew nutshell liquid…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to discuss the impact of using bio-polymer (kraft lignin) in the formulation of passenger vehicle disc brake pads (as a substitute for cashew nutshell liquid [CNSL]-based friction dust) and investigate the characteristics of the pads.
Design/methodology/approach
Within the scope of this investigation, three different brake pads were generated by altering the biopolymer-lignin content in conjunction with the friction dust from CNSL without modifying the other components. The brake pads were created in accordance with industry-standard practices. Industrial standards were used to evaluate the newly created brake pad’s thermal, physical and mechanical qualities. The tribological properties of the materials were determined using a full-scale inertia brake dynamometer. The scanning electron microscope examined the worn surfaces in conjunction with elemental mapping.
Findings
The test findings suggest that the brake pads filled with biopolymer-lignin and CNSL-based friction dust (as a partial replacement 50%) exhibited excellent thermal, physical, mechanical characteristics, as well as steady friction and low wear rate.
Originality/value
A bio-polymer (kraft lignin) in friction composites has the potential to produce eco-friendly brake pads and improve the tribological performance of its copper free-composition, which might be used to replace CNSL-based friction dust in friction composites by addressing the issues raised in this work.
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Vijay R., Manoharan S. and Lenin Singaravelu D.
This paper aims to deal with the effect of natural barytes purity levels on the tribological performance of brake pads.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to deal with the effect of natural barytes purity levels on the tribological performance of brake pads.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, brake pads were developed by varying three different natural barytes without varying other ingredients. The brake pads were developed as per the standard industrial practice. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the developed brake pads were tested as per the industrial standards. The tribological properties were analyzed using a full-scale inertia brake dynamometer. Worn surface analysis was done using scanning electron microscope coupled with elemental mapping.
Findings
The experimental results indicate that the brake pads filled with natural barytes 95% purity had good physical, chemical and mechanical properties with stable friction and less wear rate due to reduced impurity level preventing frictional undulations.
Originality/value
This paper explains the effect of the purity level of natural barytes in brake pads formulation to enhance the tribological performance by altering tribofilms and preventing friction undulations.
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Justin Antonyraj I., Vijay R. and Lenin Singaravelu D.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of solid lubricants (tungsten disulfide [WS2]/ Tin disulfide [SnS2]) on the tribological performance of brake pads.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of solid lubricants (tungsten disulfide [WS2]/ Tin disulfide [SnS2]) on the tribological performance of brake pads.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the brake pads were developed by varying the solid lubricants (WS2/SnS2) without varying the other ingredients. The brake pads were developed as per the industrial procedure. Thermal stability was found for varying ingredients and developed pads. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the developed brake pads were analyzed as per the industrial standards. The tribological properties were analyzed using the Chase test. The worn surface analysis was done using scanning electron microscopy, elemental mapping and three-dimensional profile analysis.
Findings
The experimental results indicate that the WS2-based brake pads possess good physical, chemical and mechanical properties with stable friction and less wear rate due to its good lubrication film formation and thermal stability natures of WS2.
Originality/value
This paper explains the effect of solid lubricants in brake pads for enhancing the tribological performance by the shearing of crystal structure, thermal stability and tribo film properties of the lubricants.
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Vandit Vijay, Ram Chandra and P.M.V. Subbarao
To better understand bioenergy's role in sustainable rural development and cleaner environment, it is necessary to place it in a local regional context. This paper aims to provide…
Abstract
Purpose
To better understand bioenergy's role in sustainable rural development and cleaner environment, it is necessary to place it in a local regional context. This paper aims to provide a conceptual approach for biomass-based energy self-sufficiency in rural areas of developing and underdeveloped countries having a strong agricultural sector. It further provides a framework for the estimation of surplus biomass and bioenergy potential and the biomass power emissions in a rural area.
Design/methodology/approach
A detailed approach is laid out to attain energy self-sufficiency in rural areas encompassing identification of surplus biomass resources in a selected area, suitable conversion technologies, consideration of local end-use priorities, skill development and monitoring of the project.
Findings
Following the novel approach proposed in this paper a case study analysis for Thanagazi block (Alwar District, India) is done, and it is observed that locally available biomass in the block can substitute more than 75% of the conventional energy demand and save 78% emissions vis-à-vis equivalent coal power. This indicates that creating local bioenergy production system as a means of substituting/complementing fossil energy can contribute to a cleaner self-sufficient ecosystem.
Originality/value
Biomass is a spatio-temporal resource. Prior works have looked at bioenergy potential for national or state levels; however, granular data to reveal a more realistic outlook in a rural area is the novelty of this work. Furthermore, biomass assessment studies largely focus on crop residual biomass, whereas the present study also includes livestock manure assessment which is a major resource in rural areas. This paper highlights the need and the approach for exploring locally available biomass to meet the local energy demands for clean energy security while considering the involvement of the local population in bioenergy planning and implementation.
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Vijay Anand R., Prabhu J., Kumar P.J., Manivannan S.S., Sukumar Rajendran, K.R. Kumar, Susi S. and R. Jothikumar
This paper aims to address the role of Internet of Things (IoT) in preventing COVID-19. The IoT devices can be used in various ways to track the patients and suspected person…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to address the role of Internet of Things (IoT) in preventing COVID-19. The IoT devices can be used in various ways to track the patients and suspected person. Remote data collection can be done with the help of IoT and sensors. Later, the data can be analyzed with the help of data science engineers and researchers to predict and prevent the COVID-19.
Design/methodology/approach
IoT is a creative mean of amalgamating clinical gadgets and their applications to associate with the human services and data innovation frameworks. An investigation on the conceivable outcomes of defying progressive COVID-19 pandemic by implementing the IoT approach while offering treatment to all classes of patient without any partiality in poor and rich. The information sharing, report checking, patient tracking, data social affair, investigation, cleanliness clinical consideration and so forth are the different cloud-based administrations of IoT. It can totally change the working format of the medical services while rewarding the huge volume of patients with a predominant degree of care and more fulfilment, particularly during this pandemic of COVID-19 lockdown. Health workers can quickly focus on patient zero and identify everyone who has come into contact with the infected person and move these people to quarantine/isolation. As COVID-19 has emerged from the Wuhan province of China, IoT tools such as geographic information system could be used as an effective tool to curb the spread of pandemics by acting as an early warning system. Scanners at airports across the world could be used to monitor temperature and other symptoms. This paper addresses the role of IoT in preventing COVID-19.
Findings
In the period of continuous pandemic of COVID-19, IoT offers many propelled cloud-based administrations and offices to serve a greater number of patients effectively. The remote medicinal services framework provides a lot of significance in such a crucial time of lockdown. The powerful interconnected arrangement of gadgets, applications, Web, database and so on encourages the consumers to benefit the administrations in smart way. IoT additionally advances its administrations by building up the quality culture of perceptive medicinal services or portable centre. It is a “distinct advantage innovation,” which may totally change the practices universally. Indeed, even its quality administrations in this extreme time make this methodology progressively productive and beneficial. IoT helps in observing and tracking more recognized people and patients in remote areas for their human service prerequisites. The customary medicinal services are probably going to observe a huge change in perspective sooner rather than later, as the computerized revolution would place cutting-edge innovation and its associated items in the possession of the patients and give both patients and doctors in remote areas better access to quality clinical services.
Originality/value
The contemporary exploration study focuses on the proposed IoT system for the treatment of patients in this progressing COVID-19. The working principle of IoT approach incorporates the mix of human services apparatuses, clinical treatment framework, Web organize, programming and administrations. IoT framework empowers the information assortment, report observing, understanding database, testing pictures and investigation and so forth. Data has been collected through online mode; in this study, the authors adopted empirical research design. Total 150 (118/150 = 78.66% respondent response ratio) online questionnaires were sent in the Chennai city of Tamilnadu, India. The participated nature of work is clinical examination in critical care division.
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K.M. Baalamurugan, Priyamvada Singh and Vijay Ramalingam
One of the foremost research disciplines in medical image processing is to identify tumors, which is a challenging task practicing traditional methods. To overcome this, various…
Abstract
Purpose
One of the foremost research disciplines in medical image processing is to identify tumors, which is a challenging task practicing traditional methods. To overcome this, various research studies have been done effectively.
Design/methodology/approach
Medical image processing is evolving swiftly with modern technologies being developed every day. The advanced technologies improve medical fields in diagnosing diseases at the more advanced stages and serve to provide proper treatment.
Findings
Either the mass growth or abnormal growth concerning the cells in the brain is called a brain tumor.
Originality/value
The brain tumor can be categorized into two significant varieties, non-cancerous and cancerous. The carcinogenic tumors or cancerous is termed as malignant and non-carcinogenic tumors are termed benign tumors. If the cells in the tumor are healthy then it is a benign tumor, whereas, the abnormal growth or the uncontrollable growth of the cell is indicated as malignant. To find the tumor the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is carried out which is a tiresome and monotonous task done by a radiologist. In-order to diagnosis the brain tumor at the initial stage effectively with improved accuracy, the computer-aided robotic research technology is incorporated. There are numerous segmentation procedures, which help in identifying tumor cells from MRI images. It is necessary to select a proper segmentation mechanism to detect brain tumors effectively that can be aided with robotic systems. This research paper focuses on self-organizing map (SOM) by applying the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The execution measures are determined to employ the confusion matrix, accuracy, sensitivity, and furthermore, specificity. The results achieved conclusively explicate that the proposed model presents more reliable outcomes when compared to existing techniques.