This study aims to explore how metadata have been applied in GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives and museums) institutions in New Zealand (NZ) and to analyse its overall quality…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore how metadata have been applied in GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives and museums) institutions in New Zealand (NZ) and to analyse its overall quality with the interoperability of the metadata element set especially in mind.
Design/methodology/approach
The first stage of data collection involved an analysis of the metadata records from 16 institutions from the NZ GLAM sector to examine the types and extent of metadata used. However, by looking at publicly accessible metadata records, it was impossible to determine the full extent of metadata created, especially when there could be metadata that were kept in‐house. This was complemented with interviewing of staff from the institutions concerned.
Findings
The study found that metadata records for digital images in four types of institutions have different emphases on metadata functions and a variety of metadata are not applied on a consistent basis. The lack of technical data in metadata records means that digital visual images are not always well protected. There is a consensus among those interviewed that metadata sharing is important. However, the wide use of a proprietary system which comes with pre‐existing metadata fields could result in a lack of flexibility and a risk that institutions adopt cataloguing practices to accommodating their collection management systems rather than to the requirements for interoperability and long‐term preservation.
Originality/value
In addition to studying metadata quality in GLAM digital image repositories, the study also examined the rationale and factors affecting the current practice via interviews with representatives from the institutions concerned. This shed light on potential barriers to interoperability that warranted further examination.
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Michelle Brown, Carol T. Kulik and Victoria Lim
Delivering negative feedback to employees is highly problematic for managers. Negative feedback is important in generating improvements in employee performance, but likely to…
Abstract
Purpose
Delivering negative feedback to employees is highly problematic for managers. Negative feedback is important in generating improvements in employee performance, but likely to generate adverse employee reactions. However, if managers do not address poor performance, good performers may become demoralized or exit the organization. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how managers communicate negative feedback and the factors that drive their choice of tactic.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use interview data from practicing line managers with experience in delivering negative feedback to learn whether their tactic choices are consistent with Implicit (“best practice”) or Contingency (“best fit”) theory.
Findings
The authors identify five negative feedback tactics: evidence, emotive and communication tactics are foundation tactics while evidence + communication and evidence + emotive tactics are bundles of the foundation tactics. Managers apply a “best fit” approach from a set of “best practice” negative feedback options. The choice of negative feedback tactic is driven by the manager’s assessment of the “best fit” with the employee’s personality.
Research limitations/implications
Most of the managers believed that their negative feedback tactic had been effective. Future researchers should investigate which negative feedback tactics employees regard as most effective.
Practical implications
A best fit approach to the delivery of negative feedback requires organizations to give managers discretion in the delivery of negative feedback. Managers may mis-assess fit which can undermine the effectiveness of the appraisal process.
Originality/value
The authors focus on how negative feedback is communicated by managers. Existing research focusses on reactions to negative feedback without taking into account how it is delivered.
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The field of higher education is constantly evolving, particularly in the era of globalisation. With the expansion and influence of Western paradigms, the influence of…
Abstract
Chapter Contribution
The field of higher education is constantly evolving, particularly in the era of globalisation. With the expansion and influence of Western paradigms, the influence of transnational education (TNE) in the developing world has been gaining significant traction and impact. This chapter attempts to formulate conclusions about the key determining factors behind the penetration and entrenchment of primarily the Anglo-Saxon style of University Education. Within that spectrum, the discussion will also cover how this manifests, looking specifically at various models of TNE and collaborative provision, exploring the possible connotations for small businesses. The final section will attempt to crystallise the main findings and propose directions for further research.
This chapter draws on a number of literary sources, both academic and practitioner, to enable reconciling different discipline areas. Empirical studies will also be explored to provide additional substantiation to the theoretical mantle. This chapter forms conclusions on how the various models of TNE have evolved across the world, the impact of this expansion has created for the local population in terms of skills development and accessibility to education, but also in terms of implications for the local economy and small businesses in particular. A novel approach is taken in trying to bring together disparate thematic areas, which although topical have rarely been explored in conjunction. This chapter will be of interest to a wide audience, including academics and researchers but also policy-makers and professionals in the small business field.
Hung Van Do, Daniel G. Dorner and Philip Calvert
The purpose of this paper is to discover the contextual factors affecting the development of digital library education (DLE) in Vietnam and to determine how those factors are…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discover the contextual factors affecting the development of digital library education (DLE) in Vietnam and to determine how those factors are enabling or hindering its development.
Design/methodology/approach
Based upon the literature and the theories of Fullan (2007), Nowlen (1988) and Rogers (2003), an initial model of contextual factors that were potentially affecting DLE development in Vietnam was developed. The model was then tested using a qualitative methodology involving interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders, along with the gathering of documentary evidence. The data were then analysed using the interactive model of Miles et al. (2014), and the initial model was then revised.
Findings
The initial model allowed for the depiction of potential factors, both internal and external, along with some relationships between the factors. Based on the data analysis, a revised model was developed composed of seven major contextual factors that were enabling and/or hindering DLE development in the Vietnamese context. These are grouped into three categories: external factors – government, IT infrastructure and social and cultural values; internal factors – stakeholders’ attitudes, DLE characteristics and the personal and organisational nexus; and change agents, which is both an internal and external factor. These factors had different levels of influence on DLE development and are inter-related.
Originality/value
No prior study has looked at contextual factors affecting DLE development in a developing country such as Vietnam.
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Choon Boey Lim, Duncan Bentley, Fiona Henderson, Shin Yin Pan, Vimala Devi Balakrishnan, Dharshini M. Balasingam and Ya Yee Teh
The purpose of this paper is to examine issues academics at importing institutions face while delivering Australian degrees in Malaysia. Transnational higher education (TNE) has…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine issues academics at importing institutions face while delivering Australian degrees in Malaysia. Transnational higher education (TNE) has been widely researched. However, less widely researched is the area of understanding what academics at the offshore locations need to uphold the required academic standards of their partnered exporting universities. This area warrants close attention if Australian and other transnational education universities are to sustain their growth through a partnership model with offshore academics delivering a portion (often a substantial portion) of the teaching.
Design/methodology/approach
Two focus groups were conducted with a mix of long standing and newly recruited Malaysian lecturers who taught into an Australian degree through a partnership arrangement. The semi-structured questions which were used were derived from a preliminary literature review and previous internal institutional reports.
Findings
The findings from the focus groups indicate that TNE is largely “Australian-centric” when addressing the standard of academic quality and integrity. The findings pointed not so much to any sustained internationalisation of curriculum or administration or personnel but more as internationalisation as deemed required by the local academic.
Originality/value
To a greater extent, the findings highlighted that equivalent student outcomes do not necessarily equate to equivalent learning experiences or teaching workload. In fact, the frustration of the interviewees on the tension to fulfil the home institution curriculum and helping students to “comprehend” an Australian-centric curriculum translates to “additional and unrecognised workload” for the interviewees.
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Mahsood Shah and Choon Boey Lim
Third-party arrangements where a university offers its degrees in collaboration with another institution are not a new phenomenon, particularly when the third-party arrangements…
Abstract
Purpose
Third-party arrangements where a university offers its degrees in collaboration with another institution are not a new phenomenon, particularly when the third-party arrangements occur in the form of a cross-border education (or widely known as transnational education). Drawing on a critical review of the literature available on quality assurance of domestic third-party arrangements and through the use of interviews with the sessional teaching staff, the paper offers theoretical as well as practical views on the domestic third-party arrangement and seeks to inform key stakeholders in the academic management of such collaboration.
Design/methodology/approach
The study was undertaken with 40 sessional academics who are involved in teaching postgraduate courses at several third-party education providers and universities with metropolitan campuses in Australia. Focus group interviews were conducted with 8–10 participants in each group. The qualitative study included seven open-ended questions. Each focus group interview was between 45–60 minutes.
Findings
The study found 11 universities in Australia offering courses in third-party arrangement with a focus on international students. Online third-party arrangement is also gaining momentum. The study found the following areas that require attention: induction and professional development, quality assurance arrangements, maintenance of standards, adequacy of resources and infrastructure and risk related to academic quality.
Research limitations/implications
Limited study has been conducted on third-party arrangements where a university, usually located far from the city vicinity, works in a collaborative mode with another institution, primarily a private institution, to offer degrees at metropolitan city areas in the same country. Further research is needed with a large number of participants.
Originality/value
The study is undertaken for the first time in Australia. No research has been undertaken on the growth and quality assurance of a third-party arrangement in Australia and other developed countries. The study involves the engagement of the sessional academic staff.
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What motivates a library to go on the World Wide Web in the first place? What can it do once it's there? What problems have to be overcome and what advantages are there? Three…
Abstract
What motivates a library to go on the World Wide Web in the first place? What can it do once it's there? What problems have to be overcome and what advantages are there? Three librarians from very different parts of the world told us of their experiences. Vic Elliott is University Librarian at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand (http://www.vuw.ac.nz/library); Yosef Branse is Systems Librarian at University of Haifa Library, Israel (http://www‐lib.haifa.ac.il); Lim‐Yeo Pin Pin is leader of the Web team at the National University of Singapore Library (http://www.nus.sg).
Fion Choon Boey Lim and Mahsood Shah
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamics facing transnational education (TNE) in Australia through literature review in three major areas: policy changes in Australia…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamics facing transnational education (TNE) in Australia through literature review in three major areas: policy changes in Australia and major importing countries of Australian TNE, and recent development in online learning and the impact of the prevailing TNE models. The paper concludes by shedding some light on how these changes could affect the sustainability of the growth of Australian TNE in the future.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on review of literature and use of secondary data on TNE in Australia. The paper analyzes the external quality audit reports with focus on TNE. It finally analyzes the future sustainability of Australian TNE based on growth of higher education in Asia and emergence of online learning.
Findings
TNE is experiencing growth in Australia. Based on the current model such as setting overseas campus and partnerships, the growth may not be sustainable. The emergence of online learning and developments in Asian higher education may pose increased risk and competition. TNE has been subject to external scrutiny through the external quality agency in past. The current compliance-driven quality assessment may put the transnational quality assessment at risk with increased focus on assessing the quality based on review of documentation.
Originality/value
The paper is original and it is based on Australian TNE.
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Brianna Chesser, Ken Smith, Alyssa Sigamoney and Casey Becker
This paper aims to examine the ways in which the criminal justice system has evolved to accommodate mental illness. Mental health courts are one such alternative; these courts…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine the ways in which the criminal justice system has evolved to accommodate mental illness. Mental health courts are one such alternative; these courts actively seek rehabilitative and therapeutic outcomes for participants. However, current literature suggests that these courts are ineffective for offenders who have been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD).
Design/methodology/approach
The aim of the current inquiry was to determine the degree to which participation in the Assessment and Referral Court (ARC) List in the Magistrates’ Court of Victoria reduced re-offending rates for offenders diagnosed with BPD by providing a comparative analysis of pre and post ARC List offending.
Findings
The results of a two-year recidivism study suggest that successful completion of the ARC List reduces recidivism for 50% of offenders diagnosed with BPD.
Originality/value
To the authoring team’s knowledge, this is the second paper to explore the efficacy of the Assessment of Referral Court List (Magistrates’ Court of Victoria) in reducing recidivist behaviours for programme participants; however, it is the first paper to look specifically at the recidivist behaviours of participants of the Assessment of Referral Court List (Magistrates’ Court of Victoria) who have been diagnosed with BPD.
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Provides a framework for understanding the relationships betweenalternative cointegrating estimators with special attention given tosingle equation procedures. The approach…
Abstract
Provides a framework for understanding the relationships between alternative cointegrating estimators with special attention given to single equation procedures. The approach consists of augmenting the long‐run model with general short‐run dynamic specifications and identifying the specific assumptions implied by each of these estimators about the short‐run dynamics. Understanding this hierarchical structure between estimators is important since it shows the conditions when consistent and asymptotically efficient parameter estimates may be obtained from standard econometric packages. Since the alternative estimators are shown to be nested in a general framework, this suggests that general‐to‐specific methodology may be adopted to test between these alternative specifications. To highlight the salient characteristics of the alternative estimators, the framework is related to two theoretical economic models: stock prices and money demand; and applied to the demand for imports and testing of the crowding out hypothesis.