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July 28, 1971 Mines and quarries — Act of 1954 — Duty to set holing supports — Whether applicable to prop free face cut by shearer machine — Common law duty of care — Technical mining knowledge and experience — Relevant date for considering — Whether at date of accident — Mines and Quarries Act, 1954 (2 & 3 Eliz. II, c.70), s.81(l) — Coal and Other Mines (Support… Regulations), 1956 (S.I.1956 No. 1763), reg. 10(1)

May 7, 1974 Master and Servant — Breach of statutory duty — Workman working on platform of scaffolding erected by employer — Scaffolding not properly secured — Workman injured on falling off — Loss of one kidney — Assessment of damage — Approach to assessment of damage — Construction (Working Places) Regulations 1966 (S.I. 1966, No. 94),regs. 6(2), 15(1).

Prior work has focused on the impact of using alternative bases for allocating costs to products but there has been little work that evaluates the use of alternative allocation bases for allocating costs to departments. In particular, if different departments of a multi‐national firm are located in settings with different reporting requirements, exchange rate risks, and costs of capital, then the choice of cost allocation base can be important. This paper examines the economic impact of alternative service department allocation bases in a decentralised setting. A non‐linear programming (NLP) approach is used to model the problem. A review of prior literature identifies a method, based on the NLP approach, for determining the economic impact of alternative allocation bases in a multi‐product setting. The method is adapted in this paper for the multi‐divisional context. The study finds that centralised production volume decision‐making is superior to decentralised decision‐making using either revenue or volume‐based cost allocation bases. Under certain conditions, revenue‐based allocation bases are also found to be superior to volume bases. Under the assumptions of the model no distinction can be made between the centralised solution and a profit‐based allocation regime. A practical implication of this study is that designers of cost allocation systems need to consider not only the direct income‐shifting effect of different cost allocation bases but also the indirect economic effect of consequential changes in the operating decisions of the firm.

In the last monograph an attempt was made at giving a short historical background of the trade union movement; at defining a trade union; at discussing the closed shop and at looking towards its future.

Aims to examine judicial attitudes to current surveying practice in rights to light disputes. Tests the assumption that the use of the Waldram methodology is endorsed by the courts and seeks to establish whether, despite its acknowledged limitations, its continued use can be justified on this basis.

Analyses reported judgments.

Neither the 50‐50 rule, nor any other aspect of the Waldram methodology, has the status of a rule of law, or is otherwise approved of by the courts. On the contrary, the methodology has been the subject of judicial criticism. Although the courts frequently rely on the expert evidence presented to them, they have consistently expressed disquiet over aspects of the methodology. Particular concerns have been expressed over its inability to cater for the effects of sunlight and externally reflected light, on its dependence on internal room design, and on its failure to distinguish task illumination from general room lighting. There is also no indication that the judiciary are aware of the extent to which the Waldram threshold of adequate illuminance falls short of that prescribed by contemporary standards. The paper concludes that the courts' attitudes to the Waldram methodology cannot therefore justify its continued use by surveyors, either when acting in the capacity of expert witness, or when advising clients who may be contemplating litigation in a rights to light dispute.

Makes a further contribution to the debate, started in this journal in 2000, about the future of surveying practice in rights to light disputes.

Places new information in the public domain which has implications for judges in future rights to light cases, and for the professional liability of surveyors when advising clients in contemplation of possible rights to light litigation.

Presents the first comprehensive analysis of judicial attitudes to modern rights to light surveying practice since its introduction in the early part of the twentieth century.

A new type of hydrophone using optical technologies has distinct advantages over traditional types.

Members will have heard with regret of the death, on Friday 6th May, of Miss Irene Shrigley, MA, who had been actively associated with Aslib for the past eighteen years. The following tribute is sent by Mrs Stowell, Chairman of the Economics Group, and a close personal friend of the late Miss Shrigley:

Facing the challenge of increasing energy cost and requirement of reducing the emissions, identifying the potential factors of them in the manufacturing factories is an important prerequisite to control energy consumption. This paper aims to present a bi-objective green in-house transportation scheduling and fleet size determination problem (BOGIHTS&FSDP) in automobile assembly line to schedule the material delivery tasks, which jointly take the energy consumption into consideration as well.

This research proposes an optimal method for material handling in automobile assembly line. To solve the problem, several properties and definitions are proposed to solve the model more efficiently. Because of the non-deterministic polynomial-time-hard nature of the proposed problem, a Multi-objective Discrete Differential Evolution Algorithm with Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS-MDDE) is developed to solve the multi-objective problem.

The performances of VNS-MDDE are evaluated in simulation and the results indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient in solving BOGIHTS&FSDP problem.

This study is the first to take advantage of the robot's interactive functions for part supply in automobile assembly lines, which is both the challenge and trend of future intelligent logistics under the pressure of energy and resource. To solve the problem, a VNS-MDDE is developed to solve the multi-objective problem.

Over the past 10 years, client briefing or facility programming of building projects, has received a great deal of attention from researchers and practitioners. Despite these efforts, tangible improvements to client briefing remain elusive. More testing and evaluation still needs to be carried out before we can judge whether or not any progress has been made. The primary aim of this paper is to present the present authors' experience of testing three potential client briefing techniques in a study conducted within the design studio of a university school of architecture and building. The authors also place the client briefing problem into context by first analysing types of problem, the client briefing problem itself, potential problem‐solving techniques and the three techniques selected for this trial. The current paper presents the results of a survey of student architect opinions about the processes and techniques that were trialed. It was found that more empirical research is needed with these and other techniques in the client briefing environment because no single technique is likely to provide the best solution in every situation. However, whichever technique is adopted, it seems advisable to identify the client's strategic objectives clearly so that the design team can begin its work on a firm foundation. Resistance within the design studio culture towards potential application of analytical techniques is also discussed.