V.A. Belyi, I.V. Kragelskii, V.G. Savkin and A.I. Sviridyonok
EXPERIMENTAL WORK AND RESULTS I. Physical Methods of Polymer Modification PHYSICAL methods can be used to modify the structure of super‐molecules in order to control the…
Abstract
EXPERIMENTAL WORK AND RESULTS I. Physical Methods of Polymer Modification PHYSICAL methods can be used to modify the structure of super‐molecules in order to control the mechanical properties of the polymer and revise the frictional properties over a wide range while keeping the chemical structure and molecular weight unchanged.
Chinwuba Victor Ossia, Kong Hosung and Lyiubov V. Markova
The purpose of this paper is to present an optical technique for the condition monitoring of synthetic hydraulic oil; a deviation from the current techniques based on electrical…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an optical technique for the condition monitoring of synthetic hydraulic oil; a deviation from the current techniques based on electrical principles which could be masked by wear particles and polar contaminants in oil.
Design/methodology/approach
Color‐change detecting device was developed using light‐emitting diodes, optic fibers and photodiodes of three‐color‐sensing elements. Color ratio (CR) and total contamination parameters based on transmitted light intensity in red, green, and blue wavelengths were used for oil chemical and particulate contamination assessment.
Findings
CR criterion was found independent of the particulate contamination of oil; but depended on chemical degradation. Total contamination index of the device depended on both the chemical degradation and particulate contamination of the oil, being most sensitive in blue wavelength, and least in the red. Test results for synthetic hydraulic oils monitored corroborated with results of viscosity, total acid number, RDE emission spectrometry, particulate counts and UV‐Vis photospectrometry. CR showed a clearer indication of oil degradation, compared to key monitoring parameters such as total acid number, viscosity, RDE emission spectrometry and particle counts.
Originality/value
This paper demonstrates how oil chemical degradation and total contamination could be detected through the device, before incipient wear occurs at tribological interfaces. The results showed that the color‐change parameters are effective criteria for the condition monitoring of synthetic hydraulic oils.
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Аleksandr Viktorovich Zaichuk, Аleksandra Andreevna Amelina and Yurii Sergeevich Hordieiev
The purpose of this study was to the low-temperature synthesis of cobalt-containing diopside pigments based on granulated blast furnace slag and to study the characteristics of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to the low-temperature synthesis of cobalt-containing diopside pigments based on granulated blast furnace slag and to study the characteristics of the mineral formation processes, changes in the structure and colour indices.
Design/methodology/approach
Synthesis of cobalt-containing diopside pigments based was carried out by the directional formation of the mineralogical composition with the introduction of part of the components using granulated blast-furnace slag.
Findings
It has been established that the formation of the diopside phase in pigments containing blast-furnace slag as the main component proceeds at low temperatures (1,100°C–1,150 °C). The colour of diopside pigments is formed because of the isomorphic substitution of Si4+ ions for Al3+ ions and Mg2+ ions for Co2+ ions. It is expedient to add CoO in an amount of 0.9 mol (18 Wt.%) into the composition of diopside pigments based on blast-furnace slag to obtain defect-free violet glazes.
Practical implications
The developed diopside pigments enable obtaining of high-quality violet glazes for ceramics. The application of the obtained results can significantly reduce the consumption of traditional raw materials in the composition of silicate ceramic pigments, as well as reduce their firing temperature.
Originality/value
Calcium, magnesium and silicon oxides are the main components of blast-furnace slag. In addition, granulated blast furnace slag is mainly represented by the glassy phase, which determines its high activity during the firing process. These factors are prerequisites for using the blast-furnace slag as a valuable substitute for chemically pure or natural raw materials in silicate pigments and reducing their firing temperature.
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Aleksandr Viktorovich Zaichuk, Aleksandra Andreevna Amelina, Yurii Sergeevich Hordieiev, Liliya Frolova and Viktoriia Dmitrievna Ivchenko
The purpose of this paper is to conduct the directed synthesis of blue-colour aluminate spinel pigments based on spent aluminium–cobalt–molybdenum (ACM) catalyst and to study…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conduct the directed synthesis of blue-colour aluminate spinel pigments based on spent aluminium–cobalt–molybdenum (ACM) catalyst and to study peculiar features of mineral formation processes and changes in their colour indices depending on composition and firing temperature.
Design/methodology/approach
Aluminate spinel ceramic pigments with specified colour indices were synthesised by directed formation of their mineral composition and identification of the most rational technological parameters of production. Mineral composition of synthesised pigments was evaluated by X-ray phase analysis. The colour indices of pigments and pigment-containing glaze coatings were studied on the comparator colour. The chemical resistance of pigments was determined by loss of their weight loss after boiling in 1 N hydrochloric acid solution and 1 N sodium hydroxide solution.
Findings
Peculiar features of formation of the mineral composition of aluminate spinel pigments based on the ACM catalyst were studied. The expediency of using magnesium and zinc oxides in their composition has been proved. It is found that for the formation of stable pigments of intense blue colour, a concentration of cobalt (II) oxide in the amount of 0.5 mol is sufficient, which is 23.1 Wt.%. The colour of such pigments is determined by the ratios of cobalt, magnesium and zinc aluminates, which form a spinel solid solution.
Practical implications
The use of developed aluminate spinel pigments provides obtaining of high-quality glass coatings of blue colour, in particular, for ceramics.
Originality/value
Aluminium oxide in the spent ACM catalyst is predominantly in the active form (of amorphous aluminium hydroxide and y-Al2O3). This is a prerequisite for the use of this waste material as a complete substitute for chemically pure Al2O3 in the technology of aluminate spinel pigments and reduction of their firing temperature. Besides, spent ACM catalyst already contains 5 Wt.% of expensive cobalt (II) oxide in the form of stable colour-bearing phase CoAl2O4.
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Аleksandr Viktorovich Zaichuk, Аleksandra Andreevna Amelina and Kostyantyn Mikhalovich Sukhyy
The purpose of this paper is to establish physical-chemical patterns and process parameters for obtaining low-temperature pink pigments with the structure of tin sphene using…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to establish physical-chemical patterns and process parameters for obtaining low-temperature pink pigments with the structure of tin sphene using granulated blast-furnace slag.
Design/methodology/approach
Thermodynamic calculations were made in the work to assess the probability of malayaite phase formation during firing of slag-containing pigments. Mineralogical composition of synthesized pigments was evaluated by X-ray phase analysis. Spectral characteristics of pigments absorption in the infrared region were determined with the use of Fourier IR-spectrometry. Colour characteristics of the developed pigments and glass coatings with their introduction were studied on the comparator colour. Density of ceramic pigments was determined by pycnometric method, and chemical resistance was found on their weight loss after boiling in 1 N hydrochloric acid solution and 1 N sodium hydroxide solution.
Findings
Peculiar features of formation of the mineralogical composition of pink pigments are studied in the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-SnO2-Cr2O3 with the use of granulated blast-furnace slag. The end product and carrier of the pink colour is the solid solution on the basis of tin sphene. It is established that the most rational concentration of chromium (III) oxide for the formation of pink colouring of the pigments is 2 Wt.%.
Practical implications
The usage of developed pigments provides obtaining high-quality pink-coloured glaze coatings, in particular for ceramic tiles.
Originality/value
Activity of the components of blast-furnace slag in combination with the effective mineralizing action of B2O3 additive allows performing the firing of pink of the pigments with the formation of tin sphene at reduced temperature of 1,200°C.
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Muhammad Younus, Ulung Pribadi, Achmad Nurmandi and Imelda Zamjanah Rahmawati
This paper aims to check the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) of South Asian countries and then highlight the main challenges they are facing right now, which are causing…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to check the E-Government Development Index (EGDI) of South Asian countries and then highlight the main challenges they are facing right now, which are causing South Asian countries to do good in the e-government sector.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors will be getting the EGDI data for South Asian countries through the United Nations website, and to visualize it for understanding, the authors will be taking the help of an Online Business intelligence tool. After successfully fetching data and presenting it in a proper format, the authors will be doing an analysis of the South Asian country’s EGDI score overall and also will check on individual indicator levels of EGDI.
Findings
Finally, the authors will be sharing the common improvement points which South Asian countries’ governments need to focus on to make their EGDI score better and get included in the list of top E-Government. With its help, countries will progress and get hand-in-hand with the world by providing the best governance practices to their citizens.
Originality/value
It is important to understand for South Asian countries that the e-government initiative is not just about transforming governance or providing quality services to citizens but also it is about being in sync with the world and competing with other countries in the development progress. So, they have to follow the e-government trends to get their country aligned with the world and attain progress country in a faster speed.
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Filipa Brandão, Zélia Breda and Carlos Costa
The application of network theory and social network analysis (SNA) to tourism and hospitality is recent. Nonetheless, several authors have been applying the method contributing…
Abstract
The application of network theory and social network analysis (SNA) to tourism and hospitality is recent. Nonetheless, several authors have been applying the method contributing to regional planning, local-level tourism networks, tourism policy and governance, innovation, entrepreneurship, knowledge transfer, and learning. This chapter aims to characterize the use of SNA in tourism and hospitality research. Specifically, it intends to: (i) present the framework of SNA in a methodological perspective; (ii) perform a bibliometric analysis of SNA use in tourism and hospitality research; (iii) systematize the dimensions and metrics that researchers can use to apply SNA, namely the relevance for tourism; and (iv) present a case study analyzing tourism innovation networks. This chapter brings important contributions to tourism and hospitality research and practice, by focusing on the theoretical framework and practical application of SNA, providing relevant conceptual and practical knowledge that will empower researchers to use this method in tourism and hospitality studies.
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Wang Xicheng and B.A. Schrefler
In this paper, an algebraic multigrid method is suggested for the fully coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical analysis in deforming porous media. The mathematical model consists of…
Abstract
In this paper, an algebraic multigrid method is suggested for the fully coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical analysis in deforming porous media. The mathematical model consists of balance equations of mass, linear momentum and energy and of the appropriate constitutive equations. The chosen macroscopic field variables are temperature, capillary pressure, gas pressure and displacement. The gas phase is considered to be an ideal gas composed of dry air and vapour, which are regarded as two miscible species. Phase change as well as heat transfer through conduction and convection and latent heat transfer (evaporation‐condensation) are taken into account. The problem hence presents an interaction problem between several fields with very different response characteristics. Further, the matrices are non‐symmetric and not diagonally dominated. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the efficiency of this method.
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Ali Noroozian, Babak Amiri and Mehrdad Agha Mohammad Ali Kermani
Movies critics believe that the diversity of Iranian cinematic genres has decreased over time. The paper aims to answer the following questions: What is the impact of the…
Abstract
Purpose
Movies critics believe that the diversity of Iranian cinematic genres has decreased over time. The paper aims to answer the following questions: What is the impact of the continuous cooperation between the key nodes on the audience's taste, uniformity of the cinematic genres and the box office? Is there any relationship between the importance of actors in the actors' network and their popularity?
Design/methodology/approach
In the artistic world, artists' relationships lead to a network that affects individuals' commercial or artistic success and defines the artwork's value. To study the issue that the diversity of Iranian cinematic genres has decreased over time, the authors utilized social network analysis (SNA), in which every actor is considered a node, and its collaboration with others in the same movies is depicted via edges. After preparing the desired dataset, networks were generated, and metrics were calculated. First, the authors compared the structure of the network with the box office. The results illustrated that the network density growth negatively affects box office. Second, network key nodes were identified, their relationships with other actors were inspected using the Apriori algorithm to examine the density cause and the cinematic genre of key nodes, and their followers were investigated. Finally, the relationship between the actors' Instagram follower count and their importance in the network structure was analyzed to answer whether the generated network is acceptable in society.
Findings
The social problem genre has stabilized due to continuous cooperation between the core nodes because network density negatively impacts the box office. As well as, the generated network in the cinema is acceptable by the audience because there is a positive correlation between the importance of actors in the network and their popularity.
Originality/value
The novelty of this paper is investigating the issue raised in the cinema industry and trying to inspect its aspects by utilizing the SNA to deepen the cinematic research and fill the gaps. This study demonstrates a positive correlation between the actors' Instagram follower count and their importance in the network structure, indicating that people follow those central in the actors' network. As well as investigating the network key nodes with a heuristic algorithm using coreness centrality and analyzing their relationships with others through the Apriori algorithm. The authors situated the analysis using a novel and original dataset from the Iranian actors who participated in the Fajr Film Festival from 1998 to 2020.