V. Soundararajan and S. Devaraj Arumainayagam
It is shown that the quick switching system, tightened normal tightened scheme and other switching systems emerge from the generalised two‐plan system involving normal and…
Abstract
It is shown that the quick switching system, tightened normal tightened scheme and other switching systems emerge from the generalised two‐plan system involving normal and tightened inspection. The corresponding operating characteristic (OC) functions are also shown to emerge from generalised results. The performance of different systems compared with reference to their OC curves. The possibility of being applied in a critical area of application (in which the single sampling plans are not possible to apply) is indicated.
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V. Soundararajan and R. Vijayaraghavan
The readily available acceptance number value is revised in the form of three tables. From these tables it is possible to determine single or chain sampling inspection plans when…
Abstract
The readily available acceptance number value is revised in the form of three tables. From these tables it is possible to determine single or chain sampling inspection plans when the sample size is fixed. These tables replace the large number of existing tables in use.
K. Subramani and K. Govindaraju
This article provides tables based on the Poisson model for selection of chain sampling plans of type ChSP‐(0,1). The Indifference Quality Level and the Maximum Allowable Percent…
Abstract
This article provides tables based on the Poisson model for selection of chain sampling plans of type ChSP‐(0,1). The Indifference Quality Level and the Maximum Allowable Percent Defective are the criteria used for fixing the ChSP‐(0,1) plan. Procedures for selection of plans for given (IQL,AOQL) and (MAPD,AOQL) are also discussed.
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A procedure for designing chain sampling plans, ChSP‐1, is described for situations where one of the parameters, the sample size, is fixed. The procedure involves minimisation of…
Abstract
A procedure for designing chain sampling plans, ChSP‐1, is described for situations where one of the parameters, the sample size, is fixed. The procedure involves minimisation of the sum of the producer′s risk and consumer′s risk with due weights. Expressions have been derived under binomial and Poisson models, for the parameter i , using which one can obtain the plan for desired values of AQL/LQL weights and sample size. Examples are also given.
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K. Govindaraju and K. Subramani
A table and a procedure are given for finding the single‐sampling quick switching system for which the sum of producer′s and consumer′s risks is minimum for specified Acceptable…
Abstract
A table and a procedure are given for finding the single‐sampling quick switching system for which the sum of producer′s and consumer′s risks is minimum for specified Acceptable Quality Level and Limiting Quality Level.
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V.G. Venkatesh, Abraham Zhang, Eric Deakins and Venkatesh Mani
Tragic incidents such as the Rana Plaza building collapse call into question the value and effectiveness of supplier codes of conduct (SCC) used in multi-tier supply chains. This…
Abstract
Purpose
Tragic incidents such as the Rana Plaza building collapse call into question the value and effectiveness of supplier codes of conduct (SCC) used in multi-tier supply chains. This paper aims to investigate the barriers to sub-supplier compliance and the drivers from the perspective of suppliers that adopt a double agency role by complying with buyer-imposed SCC while managing sub-supplier compliance on behalf of the buyer.
Design/methodology/approach
This research adopts a sequential, mixed-methods approach. The qualitative phase develops a conceptual model with the aid of the extant the literature and semi-structured interviews with 24 senior manufacturing professionals. The quantitative phase then uses a hierarchical regression analysis to test the conceptual model using survey data from 159 apparel suppliers based in India.
Findings
The findings reveal that sub-supplier compliance is positively impacted by effective buyer–supplier governance and by the focal supplier having a strategic partnership with the sub-supplier. Conversely, price pressure on sub-suppliers adversely impacts their compliance, while institutional pressure on them to comply is generally ineffective.
Research limitations/implications
The context of the study is limited to the garment industry in India.
Practical implications
To improve SCC compliance rates, buyers and focal suppliers should actively develop strategic partnerships with selected upstream supply chain actors; should set a reasonable price across the supply chain; and, should include specific sub-supplier compliance requirements within the supply contract. The findings also suggest the need to develop social sustainability protocols that are cognisant of regional contexts.
Originality/value
The absence of prior research on SCC implementation by sub-suppliers, this study represents a pioneering empirical study into such multi-tier sourcing arrangements. It provides strong support that sub-supplier governance arrangements differ from those typically found in the focal supplier layer. It also provides empirical evidence of the critical factors that encourage sub-supplier compliance within the apparel industry of a regionally developing economy.
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Kanwal Jit Singh, Inderpreet Singh Ahuja and Jatinder Kapoor
This review paper reveals the literature on ultrasonic, chemical-assisted ultrasonic and rotary ultrasonic machining (USM) of glass material. The purpose of this review paper is…
Abstract
Purpose
This review paper reveals the literature on ultrasonic, chemical-assisted ultrasonic and rotary ultrasonic machining (USM) of glass material. The purpose of this review paper is to understand and describe the working principle, mechanism of material removal, experimental investigation, applications and influence of input parameters on machining characteristics. The literature reveals that the ultrasonic machines have been generally preferred for the glass and brittle work materials. Some other non-traditional machining processes may thermally damage the work surface. Through these USM, neither thermal effects nor residual stresses have been generated on the machined surface.
Design/methodology/approach
Various input parameters have the significant role in machine performance characteristics. For the optimization of output response, several input parameters have been critically investigated by the various researcher.
Findings
Some advance types of glasses such as polycarbonate bulletproof glass, acrylic heat-resistant glass and glass-clad polycarbonate bulletproof glass still need some further investigation because these materials have vast applications in automobile, aerospace and space industries.
Originality/value
Review paper will be beneficial for industrial application and the various young researcher. Paper reveals the detail literature review on traditional ultrasonic, chemical assisted ultrasonic and rotary USM of glass and glass composite materials.
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Shobod Deba Nath, Gabriel Eweje and Aymen Sajjad
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how sub-suppliers decouple the implementation of sustainable supply management practices in supply chains, and what institutional…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how sub-suppliers decouple the implementation of sustainable supply management practices in supply chains, and what institutional logics permit these suppliers to do so.
Design/methodology/approach
Following a qualitative design, we conducted 23 in-depth semi-structured interviews with owners and managers of apparel sub-suppliers. To corroborate research findings, the views of owners and managers were triangulated by further interviewing 18 key representatives of wide-ranging institutional actors.
Findings
The findings suggest that owners and managers of sub-suppliers use two decoupling responses: (1) consensual strategy to compromise sustainability requirements (2) concealment strategy. In addition, this paper identifies multiple institutional types of conflicting logics: instrumental logic, legitimacy logic complexity and gaps in normative logic, which interplay amongst sub-suppliers whereby permit to decouple the implementation of supply management practices.
Research limitations/implications
While the current paper provides an early contribution from the perspectives of second-tier and third-tier suppliers, future research could be extended to include further upstream sub-suppliers and downstream tiers including the end consumers.
Practical implications
It is important for brand-owning retailers and first-tier suppliers to predict sub-suppliers' decoupling behaviour and conflicts for supply management practices implementation since they may present potential vulnerability for buyers and lead suppliers.
Originality/value
This study extends the application of institutional theory and contributes to the literature on extended suppliers' supply management practices in a developing country context, which is an under-researched area.
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Encouraged by a variety of stakeholders and the benefits that could derive from corporate social responsibility (CSR), multinational corporations (MNCs) are increasingly concerned…
Abstract
Encouraged by a variety of stakeholders and the benefits that could derive from corporate social responsibility (CSR), multinational corporations (MNCs) are increasingly concerned with limiting the social and environmental costs of their operations. Yet, they are often accused of not walking the talk on sustainability. Since offshoring and outsourcing became mainstream in international business, concerns have particularly emerged around MNCs’ ability to implement credible and efficient sustainability strategies along increasingly complex and dispersed global supply chains. Evidence on the effectiveness of private initiatives to socially and environmentally upgrade supplier practices remains mixed, and the different insights from the literature, siloed. This work aims to provide a survey of the literature documenting the challenges MNCs face trying to implement more sustainable policies in supplier networks located in developing countries, where sustainability standards and certifications are likely to be poorly enforced. We integrate insights from multiple disciplines, provide an overview of the existing body of research on the topic, and propose an analysis structured around three recurring themes: the policy tools available to MNCs and their limitations, the obstacles to suppliers’ compliance, and the different governance mechanisms available to MNCs to shape their suppliers’ practices. By providing a comprehensive picture of CSR policy implementation challenges, we contribute to practice and highlight potential avenues for future research.
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Meng Jia, Mark Stevenson and Linda Caroline Hendry
This study aims to study how first-tier suppliers (FTs) operate as boundary-spanners between the focal firm and second-tier suppliers (STs) in extending sustainability-oriented…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to study how first-tier suppliers (FTs) operate as boundary-spanners between the focal firm and second-tier suppliers (STs) in extending sustainability-oriented supplier development (SSD) initiatives up the supply chain.
Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory multi-case study approach in the apparel industry is adopted, comprised of four cases focused on occupational health and safety issues. The paper uses primary semi-structured interviews and observation data and secondary documents, and it is informed by the boundary-spanning and social capital theory.
Findings
The influence of downstream social capital on the upstream boundary-spanning actions of FTs is highlighted. More specifically, it is found that the cognitive and relational capital that exists in the downstream relationship between an FT and the focal firm affects whether the FT adopts compliance- or improvement-oriented boundary-spanning actions in their upstream relationships with STs. Particularly important aspects of cognitive and relational capital are highlighted while the phenomenon of FTs adding their own personal interpretation to sustainability requirements when fulfilling their boundary-spanning role is identified.
Research limitations/implications
A distinction is made between compliance- and improvement-oriented boundary-spanning actions. A deeper insight into the boundary-spanning role of FTs in extending SSD initiatives up the supply chain to STs is provided along with a deeper understanding of how this role is impacted by social capital.
Practical implications
Focal firms should seek to build adequate cognitive and relational capital with their FTs before deploying SSD initiatives to extend their reach further upstream in the supply chain. In doing so, it is also important to be cognisant of the social capital that exists between FTs and STs.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to the SSD literature by going beyond the buyer–FT dyad to examine the FT's boundary-spanning role in the wider buyer–FT–ST chain relationship. The study theoretically and empirically draws out the importance of relation-specific assets through the social capital lens.