C.S. Gupta, J.C. Bruch and V. Comincioli
A numerical solution to the free boundary problem of three‐dimensional transient seepage through an earth dam with accretion is presented. The numerical model uses a Baiocchi type…
Abstract
A numerical solution to the free boundary problem of three‐dimensional transient seepage through an earth dam with accretion is presented. The numerical model uses a Baiocchi type transformation to extend the unknown solution region to a fixed known region. The initial value problem is then solved by an iterative method of successive over‐relaxation type. A seepage situation of sudden rise of water level on one side of a dam is presented as an example problem. The effects of variation of accretion, effective porosity and hydraulic conductivity are studied.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of the Haar wavelets for solving linear and nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations with appropriate initial and boundary…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the application of the Haar wavelets for solving linear and nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations with appropriate initial and boundary conditions.
Design/methodology/approach
Haar wavelet approach converts the problems into a system of linear algebraic equations and the obtained system is solved by Gauss-elimination method.
Findings
The accuracy of the proposed scheme is demonstrated on three test examples. The numerical solutions prove that the proposed method is reliable and yields compatible results with the exact solutions. The scheme provides better results than the schemes [9, 14].
Originality/value
The developed scheme is a new scheme for Fokker-Planck equations. The scheme based on Haar wavelets is expended for nonlinear partial differential equations with variable coefficients.
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Mahmood Khaksar-e Oshagh, Mostafa Abbaszadeh, Esmail Babolian and Hossein Pourbashash
This paper aims to propose a new adaptive numerical method to find more accurate numerical solution for the heat source optimal control problem (OCP).
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to propose a new adaptive numerical method to find more accurate numerical solution for the heat source optimal control problem (OCP).
Design/methodology/approach
The main aim of this paper is to present an adaptive collocation approach based on the interpolating wavelets to solve an OCP for finding optimal heat source, in a two-dimensional domain. This problem arises when the domain is heated by microwaves or by electromagnetic induction.
Findings
This paper shows that combination of interpolating wavelet basis and finite difference method makes an accurate structure to design adaptive algorithm for such problems which usually have non-smooth solution.
Originality/value
The proposed numerical technique is flexible for different OCP governed by a partial differential equation with box constraint over the control or the state function.
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Muhammad Ismail, Mujeeb ur Rehman and Umer Saeed
The purpose of this study is to obtain the numerical scheme of finding the numerical solutions of arbitrary order partial differential equations subject to the initial and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to obtain the numerical scheme of finding the numerical solutions of arbitrary order partial differential equations subject to the initial and boundary conditions.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors present a novel Green-Haar approach for the family of fractional partial differential equations. The method comprises a combination of Haar wavelet method with the Green function. To handle the nonlinear fractional partial differential equations the authors use Picard technique along with Green-Haar method.
Findings
The results for some numerical examples are documented in tabular and graphical form to elaborate on the efficiency and precision of the suggested method. The obtained results by proposed method are compared with the Haar wavelet method. The method is better than the conventional Haar wavelet method, for the tested problems, in terms of accuracy. Moreover, for the convergence of the proposed technique, inequality is derived in the context of error analysis.
Practical implications
The authors present numerical solutions for nonlinear Burger’s partial differential equations and two-term partial differential equations.
Originality/value
Engineers and applied scientists may use the present method for solving fractional models appearing in applications.
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Amjid Ali, Teruya Minamoto, Umer Saeed and Mujeeb Ur Rehman
The purpose of this paper is to obtain a numerical scheme for finding numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations involving ψ-Caputo derivative.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to obtain a numerical scheme for finding numerical solutions of linear and nonlinear fractional differential equations involving ψ-Caputo derivative.
Design/methodology/approach
An operational matrix to find numerical approximation of ψ-fractional differential equations (FDEs) is derived. This study extends the method to nonlinear FDEs by using quasi linearization technique to linearize the nonlinear problems.
Findings
The error analysis of the proposed method is discussed in-depth. Accuracy and efficiency of the method are verified through numerical examples.
Research limitations/implications
The method is simple and a good mathematical tool for finding solutions of nonlinear ψ-FDEs. The operational matrix approach offers less computational complexity.
Originality/value
Engineers and applied scientists may use the present method for solving fractional models appearing in applications.
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Chiara Castelli, Nicola Comincioli, Chiara Ferrante and Nicola Pontarollo
The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of tangible and intangible investments in driving labour productivity growth in the European Union over the period…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of tangible and intangible investments in driving labour productivity growth in the European Union over the period 2000–2017 and their role in the short and medium run. Additionally, heterogeneity across countries is accounted for by performing estimates separately for Eastern and Western European countries.
Design/methodology/approach
The methodology used to conduct the analysis of the determinants of productivity is the two-way fixed-effect and the system generalised method of moments. We also include country-specific dummies in place of our variable on national innovative capacity as a means to further reduce the number of instruments.
Findings
The results reveal a long-term relationship of investment in intangible assets with labour productivity growth, more specifically of investment in R&D. This relationship holds both when considering the whole set of European countries and for Western European countries, demonstrating that R&D is key to enhancing labour productivity growth. On the contrary, the effect for Eastern countries is negative, probably due to the lack of capacity to turn this investment into an efficient and effective way to foster productivity.
Originality/value
Besides confirming the well-known role of tangible and intangible assets in productivity, the heterogeneity shown in our analysis highlights the need for improving capabilities in Eastern countries. Diversifying the decisions on the investments in European countries, depending on the specific needs and their heterogeneity, could help bridge the productivity gap and enhance specific capabilities of the country systems.
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Fernando de Oliveira Santini, Wagner Junior Ladeira, Marlon Dalmoro and Celso Augusto de Matos
This study aims to consolidate finds about corporate social responsibility (CSR) by conducting a meta-analysis. CSR is a topic present in both academic and practitioner…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to consolidate finds about corporate social responsibility (CSR) by conducting a meta-analysis. CSR is a topic present in both academic and practitioner discussions. Research has been conducted in different countries and contexts, using diverse methodological approaches. Consequently, there are different views about CSR and conflicting results.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper conducted a meta-analysis to analyse the constructs that are antecedents and consequences of CSR. This paper has also tested the moderating effects of theoretical, methodological and economic variables. The data analysis involved 66 studies, which generated 385 observations and an accumulated sample of 19,817 respondents.
Findings
The findings indicate that environmental concerns, market orientation and stakeholder pressure are the most relevant CSR antecedents. On the other hand, CSR has the strongest effects on organisational commitment, non-financial performance and customer purchasing intention. Also, firm size and cultural orientation were partially significant moderators on the relationships between organisational commitment, CSR and financial performance.
Originality/value
The meta-analytical approach allows for more accurate effect size estimations for each relationship analysed, as the meta-analytic method jointly evaluates the results produced by a great variety of studies performed in different contexts, making it possible to draw more accurate conclusions.
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This study aims to examine the short- and long-term equilibrium relationship between All share price index (ASPI), macroeconomic variables and the economic crisis in Sri Lanka.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the short- and long-term equilibrium relationship between All share price index (ASPI), macroeconomic variables and the economic crisis in Sri Lanka.
Design/methodology/approach
Monthly time series data for inflation (CPI), industrial production (IP), an exchange rate (EX), an interest rate (TB), short-term interest rate (CD) and economic crisis were used from 2010 to 2021. The ADF test, the bound testing approach, the CUSUM test and the CUSUMQ test were used in this study.
Findings
The findings show a long-run stable relationship between stock price, macroeconomic variables and political crisis (i.e., CPI, IP, ER, TB, CD and economic crisis). The results of the Johansen cointegration test suggest that there is at least one cointegrating equation, indicating that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between macroeconomic variables and stock prices in Sri Lanka.
Research limitations/implications
The vector error correction estimates show that the coefficient of the error correction term is significant with a negative sign, indicating that a long-run dynamic relationship exists between macroeconomic variables and stock prices. In the short term, economic crisis has had a big effect on stock prices suggesting that Sri Lanka’s domestic financial markets are linked to the stability of the country.
Originality/value
This research establishes the links between stock returns, macroeconomic variables and economic crisis. So far, research has been unable to establish the empirical nature of such links. The authors believe that this paper fills that gap.
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Divesh Kumar, Praveen Goyal and Vinod Kumar
The purpose of this paper is to study corporate social responsibility (CSR) enablers, with special reference to Indian firms. Further, the CSR enablers have been identified and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study corporate social responsibility (CSR) enablers, with special reference to Indian firms. Further, the CSR enablers have been identified and their ranking obtained, and interactions and interrelationships among the different enablers have also been studied.
Design/methodology/approach
The interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach was used to evaluate the interactions among the various enablers of CSR implementation, from the perspective of Indian companies.
Findings
In the course of this paper, based on a detailed literature review, nine enablers were identified and after seeking expert opinion, eight CSR implementation enablers were shortlisted. The present study has identified that top management commitment, organizational culture and formal strategic planning are the main enablers of CSR implementation in Indian companies, whereas corporate reputation, better financial performance and customer satisfaction are the dependent enablers that have high dependence power but weak driving power.
Originality/value
The ISM-based model of CSR enablers presented in this paper will prove to be of interest to academicians and practitioners alike. While academicians will gain a better understanding of enablers of CSR implementation from the perspective of one of the fastest growing economies of the world, practitioners will gain a better understanding of CSR enablers, and their enhanced knowledge will help them to effectively implement CSR in their organizations.
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Salim Chouaibi and Jamel Chouaibi
This study aims to examine the potential effect of integrating social and ethical practices into strategy on the market valuation of environmental, social and governance (ESG…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the potential effect of integrating social and ethical practices into strategy on the market valuation of environmental, social and governance (ESG) businesses using the moderating effect of green innovation.
Design/methodology/approach
The sample used consisted of 523 international firms listed on the ESG index and headquartered in North America and Western Europe, forming an unbalanced panel of 7,845 observations spanning the period 2005–2019. The authors run a fixed-effects panel regression model using the Thomson Reuters ASSET4 to test the relationship between societal and ethical practices and the stock market value creation. Similarly, as an extension of the research, this paper exploits two robustness analyzes. The authors tested the dynamic dimension of the data set through the generalized moment method and the effect of the legal system.
Findings
Evidence reveals a significant positive relationship between societal and ethical practices and businesses’ market valuation. The empirical results indicate that societal and ethical strengths increase firm value with the moderating effect of green innovation and weaknesses reduce it. The results found with the dynamic dimension of the data set indicate the existence of continuity between firm values over time.
Research limitations/implications
Given the long study period, many firms with missing data were eliminated. To avoid the small sample size, countries with few observations were included, which led to an uneven distribution between observations per country.
Practical implications
Findings from this paper can help ESG firms to consider their future growth opportunities in a context where the approach of business ethics occupies a central position in business valuation.
Originality/value
This study is the only study that provides ESG companies with seven different nationalities with evidence for the effect of social and ethical practices regarding market valuation. This paper is also relevant as it addresses the relationship between social effectiveness and financial efficiency, as well as the dynamic effect of this relationship.