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An efficient e-waste management system is developed, aided by deep learning techniques. Here, a smart bin system using Internet of things (IoT) sensors is generated. The sensors detect the level of waste in the dustbin. The data collected by the IoT sensor is stored in the blockchain. Here, an adaptive deep Markov random field (ADMRF) method is implemented to determine the weight of the wastes. The performance of the ADMRF is boosted by optimizing its parameters with the help of the improved corona virus herd immunity optimization algorithm (ICVHIOA). Here, the main objective of the developed ADMRF-based waste weight prediction is to minimize the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) rate at the time of testing. If the weight of the bins is more than 80%, then an alert message will be sent to the waste collector directly. Optimal route selection is carried out using the developed ICVHIOA for efficient collection of wastes from the smart bin. Here, the main objectives of the optimal route selection are to reduce the distance and time to minimize the operational cost and the environmental impacts. The collected waste is then considered for recycling. The performance of the implemented IoT and blockchain-based smart dustbin is evaluated by comparing it with other existing smart dustbins for e-waste management.

The developed e-waste management system is used to collect the waste and to avoid certain diseases caused by the dumped waste. Disposal and recycling of the e-waste is necessary to decrease pollution and to manufacture new products from the waste.

The RMSE of the implemented framework was 33.65% better than convolutional neural network (CNN), 27.12% increased than recurrent neural network (RNN), 22.27% advanced than Resnet and 9.99% superior to long short-term memory (LSTM).

The proposed E-waste management system has given an enhanced performance rate in weight prediction and also in optimal route selection when compared with other conventional methods.

Selecting and using the same health monitoring devices for a particular problem is a tedious task. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of 40 research papers giving the Smart health monitoring system using Internet of things (IoT) and Deep learning.

Health Monitoring Systems play a significant role in the healthcare sector. The development and testing of health monitoring devices using IoT and deep learning dominate the healthcare sector.

In addition, the detailed conversation and investigation are finished by techniques and development framework. Authors have identified the research gap and presented future research directions in IoT, edge computing and deep learning.

The gathered research articles are examined, and the gaps and issues that the current research papers confront are discussed. In addition, based on various research gaps, this assessment proposes the primary future scope for deep learning and IoT health monitoring model.

This study aims to understand the potential influence of several factors that may affect females’ intentions to undergo breast cancer screening (BCS) in Jordan.

A positivistic research methodology was used with the aim of gathering and interpreting the data quantitatively. A questionnaire was created and given to the selected respondents. Females who were at least 18 years old made up the study’s population. In addition, using a sample size of n = 237 was warranted and appropriate. Data were collected from Karak, Tafilah, Aqaba and Ma’an, four cities in southern Jordan. Smart partial least squares version 4.0.9.2 and SPSS version 26 have been used for data analysis.

The findings showed that attitudes, subjective norms, disease susceptibility and cues-to-action among females have a significant impact on their intention to undergo BCS. Whilst, the benefits of using BCS have not been shown to have a substantial impact on females’ intentions to undergo BCS. Furthermore, this study indicated that there were no significant differences between females’ intention to conduct BCS and the control variables (age and education).

There are specific restrictions in place. First, although the study’s sample size of respondents was adequate, it would be advantageous to have a larger sample size in the future to improve the reliability of the results. Second, the BCS behavior in Jordan’s southern cities was the sole subject of this study. Therefore, it would be beneficial to also explore other areas of Jordan. Third, only female candidates for BCS were examined in this study. It might be necessary to do a more thorough investigation to find the obstacles preventing them from performing the test. Fourth, the current study did not analyze the actual behavior required to perform the BCS test; instead, it sought to understand females’ intentions for undergoing the test. Therefore, it would be beneficial to research actual female behavior toward BCS in the future. The current study also used a quantitative research methodology. Therefore, more study is required using qualitative techniques like focus groups, interviews and brainstorming to better understand females’ intentions toward BCS.

According to the author’s best knowledge, this study marks the first effort to highlight behavioral intentions toward performing BCS in the Jordanian context. In addition, by incorporating extra factors obtained from the health belief model within the context of BCS behavior, the current study broadens the theory of reasoned action. This can be viewed as a significant contribution to the subject’s theoretical foundations. Besides, the current study incorporated demographic characteristics and used them as a control variable. This can be seen as another contribution to the literature on health-care marketing in the case of BCS.

The progress of a nation is quite closely linked with the quality of education it offers its citizens. The onus of nurturing future leaders, the students, lies significantly with higher educational institutions (HEIs) and the academic staff associated with such institutions. Therefore, HEIs need so that these engaged employees may go on to look beyond regular extrinsic motivators to ensure employee engagement to mentor students effectively. In this study, we attempted to investigate the influence of an important predictor of employee engagement, leadership, specifically servant leadership style mediated through job satisfaction. A structured questionnaire was administered to the academic staff of the top 25 universities in India. The data collected and the proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. The results confirmed that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between servant leadership and work engagement. The study offers insights into the importance of servant leadership to foster employee engagement and thereby institutional effectiveness in the educational sector.

In this work, a numerical algorithm is presented for stability analysis of cold-formed steel (CFS) channel sections.

A nonlinear optimization problem is formulated using energy-based technique of idealized channel section subject shear, compression and biaxial bending. The total potential energy is minimized with respect to skew angle and half wavelength of the buckling mode. The optimization algorithm is updated sequentially using quadratic approximation until minimum buckling coefficient is attained. The developed algorithm is validated using other numerical techniques.

The described algorithm is computationally effective and can be utilized in the industry for analysis of CFS channels under any load combination.

The paper offers a new tool for engineers in practice to analyze channels subject to combined loadings.

Very limited literature dealt with the stability of channels under combined loading. A new numerical algorithm is provided to practitioners to utilize in the industry for analysis of channel sections under combined loading. Unlike finite element or finite strip methods, the channel is not discretized into subelements. Mathematical programming technique is used to find the buckling load. Parametric studies are then carried out to highlight influences of geometric interaction of the channel components and to provide useful guidance to the design of CFS channels.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the influence of blends of Jatropha methyl ester (JME) and its nano Al₂O₃ emulsion on variable compression ratio diesel engine. The oxygen in alumina contributed for the smooth burning and resulted in improved performance and emissions.

The biodiesel (methyl ester) is prepared from the raw Jatropha oil. The B10, B20 and B30 blends of and their nanoemulsions are prepared with the 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm of nano Al₂O₃. The prepared JME blends and its nanoemulsions are tested in a variable compression ratio (VCR) diesel engine to evaluate the engine performance and emission characteristics.

The nanoemulsion B20 + 50 ppm has given maximum brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and with the increased proportion of nanoparticle, the BTE was reduced. Also, the specific fuel consumption is lowest (0.2826 kg/kWh) for B20 + 50 ppm at the compression ratio 16.5 and full load which is 4.10% lower than the diesel and 5.8% lower than the B20 blend. As the load increases, NOx emission increases owing to higher peak temperatures in the combustion chamber. The JME-nano Al₂O₃ emulsion reduces the HC and CO emission compared with all other fuels.

Novel nano emulsions are prepared, characterized and tested on VCR engine.

Cold-formed steel (CFS) sections are a popular choice for constructing medium and low-rise structures that are engineered to support relatively light loads. An important characteristic of CFS sections is that they are produced without the use of heat during manufacturing. Consequently, it becomes essential to gain a comprehensive understanding in the behavior of CFS sections when exposed to fire or elevated temperatures.

In this study, sections of 1.5 m length and 2 mm thickness were taken and analyzed to find its flexural behavior after heating them for 60 and 90 min. There were two modes of cooling phase which was considered to reach ambient temperature, i.e. air or water respectively. Performance of each sections (C, C with inclined flanges, sigma and Zed) were examined and evaluated at different conditions. Effects of different profiles and lips in the profiles on flexural behavior of CFS sections were investigated fully analytically.

The variation in stiffness among the sections with different lipped profiles was noted between 20.36 and 33.26%, for 60 min water cooling case. For the sections with unlipped profiles, it was between 23.56 and 28.60%. Influence of lip and section profile on reduction in stiffness is marginal. The average reduction in load capacity of sections for 60 min specimens cooled by water was found to be 43.42%. An increase in deflection is observed for the sections in the range of 25–37.23% for 60 min case. This is the critical temperature responsible for reduction in yield strength of material as it substantially increases the material safety margin to be considered for the design. Sections with Zed profile have shown better performance among other types, in terms of its load carrying capacity.

This paper deals with the flexural behavior of Galvanized (GI) based CFS unsymmetric sections at elevated temperature and cooled down to ambient temperature with air or water.

As the companion paper of Part I, this paper aims to get more insight into the essence of lambda and to reveal its nature and role in the transition of lubrication states. Mixed lubrication (ML) model with micro-asperities contacts has been discussed in details in Part I.

Mimetic algorithm is used to get numerical solutions. Relationships between film thickness ratios and lubrication states transition with different external loads, rotating speeds, radial clearances, elastic modulus, surface hardness and roughness parameters are obtained.

The characteristic parameters of transitions from boundary lubrication (BL) to ML and ML to hydrodynamic lubrication (HL) are studied to determine how these parameters change with above factors. Finally, the essence and major influencing factors of lambda are summarized for such bearings.

In Part II, the authors believe that the paper presents for the first time: further insight into the essence of the lambda ratio, and its role in the lubrication states transition are given; the determinations of the characteristic parameters of transition from BL to ML and ML to HL are investigated for the first time; the characteristic parameters of transitions from BL to ML and ML to HL are also studied to determine how parameters (external load, rotating speed, radial clearance, elastic modulus, surface hardness and roughness parameter) change with above factors; a summary of the essence and major influencing factors of lambda for such bearings is given.

The capability of steel columns to support their design loads is highly affected by the time of exposure and temperature magnitude, which causes deterioration of mechanical properties of steel under fire conditions. It is known that structural steel loses strength and stiffness as temperature increases, particularly above 400 °C. The duration of time in which steel is exposed to high temperatures also has an impact on how much strength it loses. The time-dependent response of steel is critical when estimating load carrying capacity of steel columns exposed to fire. Thus, investigating the structural response of cold-formed steel (CFS) columns is gaining more interest due to the nature of such structural elements.

In this study, experiments were conducted on two CFS configurations: back-to-back (B-B) channel and toe-to-toe (T-T) channel sections. All CFS column specimens were exposed to different temperatures following the standard fire curve and cooled by air or water. A total of 14 tests were conducted to evaluate the capacity of the CFS sections. The axial resistance and yield deformation were noted for both section types at elevated temperatures. The CFS column sections were modelled to simulate the section's behaviour under various temperature exposures using the general-purpose finite element (FE) program ABAQUS. The results from FE modelling agreed well with the experimental results. Ultimate load of experiment and finite element model (FEM) are compared with each other. The difference in percentage and ratio between both are presented.

The results showed that B-B configuration showed better performance for all the investigated parameters than T-T sections. A noticeable loss in the ultimate strength of 34.5 and 65.6% was observed at 90 min (986℃) for B-B specimens cooled using air and water, respectively. However, the reduction was 29.9 and 46% in the T-T configuration, respectively.

This research paper focusses on assessing the buckling strength of heated CFS sections to analyse the mode of failure of CFS sections with B-B and T-T design configurations under the effect of elevated temperature.

This research aims to develop and validate a framework for eradicating women’s discrimination in architectural design firms (ADFs) in Egypt and propose strategies for prospective adoption in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to increase the transformational impact of women on the architectural and urban developments of the Gulf region.

A combined qualitative and quantitative research approach was designed to accomplish four objectives. Firstly, to investigate the nature of business in ADFs, women’s discrimination and policies for gender equity (PGE) in architecture. Secondly, to analyse three case studies to validate the identified causes and impacts of women’s discrimination and examine the role of PGE towards eradicating women’s discrimination in ADFs. Thirdly, to conduct a survey questionnaire with a representative sample of ADFs to investigate their perception of women’s discrimination and the correlation between PGE towards eradicating women’s discrimination in ADFs. Based on the above, the research developed and validated a framework to eradicate women’s discrimination in ADFs in Egypt and suggested strategies for potential application in the GCC countries to increase the transformational role of women in the architectural and urban developments of the Gulf region.

Through literature review and case studies, the research identified and validated the causes and impacts of women’s discrimination as well as PGE in Architecture. The findings of data analysis showed that the highest-ranked causes of women discrimination in ADFs were “customs and beliefs” followed by “Underestimating women’s work” and “Recruiting males more than females”. Moreover, the highest-ranked impacts of women’s discrimination were “career shift and leaving the profession” followed by “decrease in creativity and innovation” and “decrease in economic growth”. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation test showed that while some PGE were correlated, others were not. These findings helped in the development of the proposed framework and proposed strategies.

This research presents a practical framework to eliminate women’s discrimination in ADFs in Egypt based on the findings of literature review, case studies and survey questionnaire. The framework explained in a workable way the objectives of the framework functions; activities; tools and techniques; involved personnel and needed resources as well as enforcing mechanisms. It was validated by a representative sample of ADFs in Egypt to ensure its practicability and viability and suggested strategies for implementation in the GCC countries to increase women’s role in architectural and urban development.

The research identified and validated the causes and impacts of women’s discrimination as well as PGE in Architecture. Moreover, the research investigated the perception of women’s discrimination and the correlation between PGE through conducting a survey questionnaire with a representative of ADFs in Egypt. The research tackled a topic that received scant attention in construction literature, especially in Egypt and the GCC countries. The research developed and validated a framework to eradicate women’s discrimination in ADFs in Egypt. It represents a synthesis that is novel and creative in thought and adds value to the knowledge in a manner that has not previously occurred. The research suggested several strategies for the prospective implementation of the framework in the GCC countries as an approach to enhancing the transformational role of women in the architectural and urban developments of the Gulf region.