Hartmut Brauer, Marek Ziolkowski, Uwe Tenner, Jens Haueisen and Hannes Nowak
Applies four different minimum norm estimations with common regularization techniques, often used in biomedical applications to the solution of the biomagnetic inverse field…
Abstract
Applies four different minimum norm estimations with common regularization techniques, often used in biomedical applications to the solution of the biomagnetic inverse field problem. Magnetic field data measured with a multi‐channel biomagnetometer sensor system in a magnetically shielded room were used to reconstruct the current density distributions generated by an extended current source which was placed inside a human torso phantom. No one of the tested methods is able to estimate the extension of the source. To improve the results as much as possible a priori information of the source space should be taken into account.
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Christa Hubers and Glenn Lyons
Travel is usually not valued in and of itself, but for the activities it allows people to partake in. Therefore, if change occurs in either the activities people perform, or in…
Abstract
Purpose
Travel is usually not valued in and of itself, but for the activities it allows people to partake in. Therefore, if change occurs in either the activities people perform, or in the means they use to perform them, the demand for travel is likely to change accordingly. Technologies have the potential to accommodate the activities people need or want to perform and how they perform them. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to increase the understanding of the complex relations between technologies developing outside the transport domain, social practices and travel, and the uncertainties that can result from these linkages. As such it draws attention to the interconnectivity of transport with other domains (e.g. healthcare, retail, leisure).
Design/methodology/approach
The relations between non‐transport technologies, social practices and travel are largely unintended and/or unanticipated. This study therefore utilised notions developed elsewhere of the mechanisms through which unintended consequences materialize. With these notions in mind, some selected examples of past, present and possible future technologies expose the possible indirect influences they can have on travel demand, thereby developing the conceptual understanding of these linkages.
Findings
If policies are being developed to limit, change, or reduce people's travel then non‐transport technologies may thwart those policy ambitions in serious ways or be realised in unexpected and surprising forms.
Research limitations/implications
There appears precious little (quantitative) evidence of data that captures the relations between technologies, social practices and travel.
Originality/value
This study is one of the first to examine the indirect impacts of technological developments occurring outside the transport domain on travel demand.
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Brandon Bortoluzzi, Daniel Carey, J.J. McArthur and Carol Menassa
The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive survey of workplace productivity key performance indicators (KPIs) used in the office context. Academic literature from the…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive survey of workplace productivity key performance indicators (KPIs) used in the office context. Academic literature from the past 10 years has been systematically reviewed and contextualized through a series of expert interviews.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors present a systematic review of the literature to identify KPIs and methods of workplace productivity measurement, complemented by insights semi-structured interviews to inform a framework for a benchmarking tool. In total, 513 papers published since 2007 were considered, of which 98 full-length papers were reviewed, and 20 were found to provide significant insight and are summarized herein.
Findings
Currently, no consensus exists on a single KPI suitable for measuring workplace productivity in an office environment, although qualitative questionnaires are more widely adopted than quantitative tools. The diversity of KPIs used in published studies indicates that a multidimensional approach would be the most appropriate for knowledge-worker productivity measurement. Expert interviews further highlighted a shift from infrequent, detailed evaluation to frequent, simplified reporting across human resource functions and this context is important for future tool development.
Originality/value
This paper provides a summary of significant work on workplace productivity measurement and KPI development over the past 10 years. This follows up on the comprehensive review by B. Haynes (2007a), providing an updated perspective on research in this field with additional insights from expert interviews.