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In many western, industrialised countries, the shrinking role of governments in providing direct services is manifested by the transfer of traditional government services to voluntary, non‐ profit organisations. An additional stage is marked by a significant reduction in government contributions to these non‐ profit organisations.

The settlement house movement had its origins in the 19th century as members of the upper class in England and the United States sought to develop an institution under private auspices that would serve disadvantaged populations in urban settings. A new set of circumstances exists in the 20th century as developing nations accept this responsibility and seek means to serve their populations in both urban and rural settings.

This article deals with a social phenomenon in which individuals organise locally to promote their personal safety.

Since the definition of objectives lies at the basis of any programme, an analytical system of classifying service organisation activities is proposed in which the focus is on internal characteristics of the activities, and differentiation among programmes and treatments. This taxonomy may be used by social welfare organisations who wish to know what they do, and to what extent they adhere to what they aim to do, as it makes both a conceptual and empirical contribution, increasing awareness of what the organisation and its professional staff do, and allowing examination of the consistency of any programme.