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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2000

Keith Hurst, Stephen Harrison and Trevor Ride

This paper reports the experience of a single pilot in total primary care purchasing (TPP) between 1995 and 1997. The article’s structure is based on a framework created from the…

360

Abstract

This paper reports the experience of a single pilot in total primary care purchasing (TPP) between 1995 and 1997. The article’s structure is based on a framework created from the seven original objectives of the pilot and 12 themes emerging from qualitative data analysis. Data are mainly drawn from interviews with participants. Interesting and useful findings emerge. For example, the TPP was able to build positive relationships with other local actors and amongst its GPs, though these did not necessarily lead to agreement or compliance. The TPP undertook conventional health needs assessment, but experienced difficulty reviewing referral practice and controlling the volume of secondary care services, contributing to problems of financial control. Though TPP has been abolished, the findings have implications for successors.

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Journal of Management in Medicine, vol. 14 no. 3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0268-9235

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Book part
Publication date: 20 October 2016

Mahri Irvine

In this paper, readers are introduced to the stories of Sarah, Ashley, and Chanelle, who represent different racial categorizations, class backgrounds, entryways into sex work…

Abstract

In this paper, readers are introduced to the stories of Sarah, Ashley, and Chanelle, who represent different racial categorizations, class backgrounds, entryways into sex work, and histories of sexual victimization. These three women were each convicted as sex offenders because of their involvement in the prostitution of women or girls. This paper demonstrates that these women did not view their actions as sex offenses because their perceptions of themselves, men, women, sexuality, and prostitution were profoundly influenced by interconnecting experiences in their life histories. Child sexual abuse, economic needs, and abusive interpersonal relationships all impacted how these women viewed themselves and their actions. This paper briefly reviews the historically divisive and ultimately detrimental debate between feminists who frame all prostitution as sexual violence and feminists who advocate for full legalization of sex work. Sarah, Ashley, and Chanelle’s stories illustrate the complexities that exist within the lives of women who become involved in prostitution due to a variety of circumstances and social inequalities. Sarah, Ashley, and Chanelle were not completely hapless victims disenfranchised by their pimps, nor were they fully agentive sexual entrepreneurs unfairly targeted by the state. These women made a series of decisions based on their needs for survival, their personal economic desires, and their beliefs about men, women, and sexuality. This paper provides ample room for the women’s voices, and documents their explanations for why and how they became involved in prostitution, as well as the prostitution of other women and girls.

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Special Issue: Problematizing Prostitution: Critical Research and Scholarship
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-040-4

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Article
Publication date: 15 January 2020

Eoin Whelan and Trevor Clohessy

While the positive health benefits of fitness apps, which motivate and track physical exercise, are widely acknowledged, the adverse connection between these technologies and…

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Abstract

Purpose

While the positive health benefits of fitness apps, which motivate and track physical exercise, are widely acknowledged, the adverse connection between these technologies and wellbeing has received little attention. The purpose of this paper is to determine how the social dimensions of fitness apps predict the type of passion (harmonious and obsessive) one has for physical exercise, and what the resulting positive and negative implications are for wellbeing.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from the theoretical frameworks of social influence and the dual model of passion (DMP), this study develops a model depicting how fitness apps relate to the causes and consequences of harmonious and obsessive passion for exercise. Survey data were collected from 272 fitness app using cyclists and analysed with partial least squares structural equation modelling techniques.

Findings

Different social influence aspects of fitness apps appeal to different types of exercisers. A harmonious passion for physical exercise is predicted by the positive reciprocal benefits attained from one’s fitness app community, while an obsessive passion is predicted by positive recognition. In turn, a harmonious passion for exercise is negatively associated with life burnout, while an obsessive passion strongly affirms that relationship. In addition, the relationship between social influence and life burnout is fully mediated by the type of passion a fitness app user possesses.

Originality/value

Underpinned by the DMP, the study provides a theoretical framework explaining how the use of fitness apps can result in opposing wellness outcomes.

Details

Information Technology & People, vol. 34 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-3845

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1989

Using pulse plating to produce crack‐free hard chromium deposits. A paper discussing pulse plating techniques for production of crack‐free hard chromium deposits was given by Dr…

9

Abstract

Using pulse plating to produce crack‐free hard chromium deposits. A paper discussing pulse plating techniques for production of crack‐free hard chromium deposits was given by Dr Keith Dennis and Trevor Pearson at the recent Interfinish 88, the 12th World Congress on Surface Finishing, held in Paris. Trevor Pearson is a post‐graduate working at Aston University is sponsored by JCT Controls Ltd who developed the PDM Pulse Plating Controller.

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Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 36 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1903

From a recently published letter addressed to a well‐known firm of whisky manufacturers by Mr. JOHN LETHIBY, Assistant Secretary to the Local Government Board, it is plain that…

19

Abstract

From a recently published letter addressed to a well‐known firm of whisky manufacturers by Mr. JOHN LETHIBY, Assistant Secretary to the Local Government Board, it is plain that the Board decline to entertain the suggestion that the Government should take steps to compel manufacturers of whisky to apply correct descriptions to their products. The adoption of this attitude by the Board might have been anticipated, but the grounds upon which the Board appear to have taken it up are not in reality such as will afford an adequate defence of their position, as the negative evidence given before the Select Committee on Food Products Adulteration and yielded by the reports of Public Analysts is beside the mark. The introduction of a governmental control of the nature suggested is not only undesirable but impracticable. It is undesirable because such a control must be compulsory and is bound to be unfair. It would be relegated to a Government Department, and of necessity, therefore, in the result it would be in the hands of an individual—the head of the Department—and subject entirely to the ideas and the unavoidable prejudices of one person. It is impracticable because no Government or Government Department could afford to take up a position involving the recommendation of particular products and the condemnation of others. No Government could take upon itself the onus of deciding questions of quality as distinguished from questions merely involving nature and substance. A system of control, in order to be effective and valuable alike to the public and the honest manufacturer, must be voluntary in its nature in so far as the manufacturer is concerned, and must be carried out by an independent and authoritative body entirely free from governmental trammels, and possessing full liberty to give or withhold its approbation or guarantee.

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British Food Journal, vol. 5 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0007-070X

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Article
Publication date: 10 May 2013

Alisha Walker, Louise Farnworth and Shelley Lapinksi

Community day leaves are one aspect of the rehabilitation offered at a secure forensic mental health facility in Australia. This study aimed to investigate staff and patients'…

533

Abstract

Purpose

Community day leaves are one aspect of the rehabilitation offered at a secure forensic mental health facility in Australia. This study aimed to investigate staff and patients' understanding of community day leaves and how recovery principles were embedded.

Design/methodology/approach

Ten escorted community day leaves were observed and 21 semi‐structured interviews with staff and patients were conducted. Using an ethnographic research approach, thematic analysis guided by a comparative method was used to reveal the similarities and differences between staff and patient perspectives of escorted leaves and how principles of recovery were practiced.

Findings

Although staff and patients expressed their understanding differently, they had a similar overall understanding of the function of community day leaves, that being, to successfully reintegrate and practice daily living skills. Recovery principles practiced included developing a sense of connectedness to others, power over their own lives, the roles they value, and therefore, hope for themselves. However, how these were facilitated by staff and practiced by patients, varied.

Practical implications

Community day leaves can have the potential therapeutic benefits of enhancing or hindering recovery due to the staff member's facilitation. This study revealed how important it is for staff members to utilise recovery principles to enhance rehabilitation goals and therapeutic benefits.

Originality/value

This study has identified that community day leaves need to be shaped by recovery principles, leading towards successful community integration and goals and objectives need to be agreed upon by both staff and patients.

Details

The Journal of Forensic Practice, vol. 15 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2050-8794

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Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 19 November 2024

Noah Miller, Glen Ryan Drumm, Lance Champagne, Bruce Cox and Trevor Bihl

Increasing reliance on autonomous systems requires confidence in the accuracies produced from computer vision classification algorithms. Computer vision (CV) for video…

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Abstract

Purpose

Increasing reliance on autonomous systems requires confidence in the accuracies produced from computer vision classification algorithms. Computer vision (CV) for video classification provides phenomenal abilities, but it often suffers from “flickering” of results. Flickering occurs when the CV algorithm switches between declared classes over successive frames. Such behavior causes a loss of trust and confidence in their operations.

Design/methodology/approach

This “flickering” behavior often results from CV algorithms treating successive observations as independent, which ignores the dependence inherent in most videos. Bayesian neural networks are a potential remedy to this issue using Bayesian priors. This research compares a traditional video classification neural network to its Bayesian equivalent based on performance and capabilities. Additionally, this work introduces the concept of smoothing to reduce the opportunities for “flickering.”

Findings

The augmentation of Bayesian layers to CNNs matched with an exponentially decaying weighted average for classifications demonstrates promising benefits in reducing flickering. In the best case the proposed Bayesian CNN model reduces flickering by 67% while maintaining both overall accuracy and class level accuracy.

Research limitations/implications

The training of the Bayesian CNN is more computationally demanding and the requirement to classify frames multiple times reduces resulting framerate. However, for some high surety mission applications this is a tradeoff the decision analyst may be willing to make.

Originality/value

Our research expands on previous efforts by first using a variable number of frames to produce the moving average as well as by using an exponentially decaying moving average in conjunction with Bayesian augmentation.

Details

Journal of Defense Analytics and Logistics, vol. 8 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2399-6439

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2020

Lara-Zuzan Golesorkhi, Grace Fortson, Katherine Harder and Trevor Riedmann

The purpose of this commentary is to share preliminary findings from our ethnographic research on refugee women's livelihoods during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon…

503

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this commentary is to share preliminary findings from our ethnographic research on refugee women's livelihoods during the COVID-19 pandemic in Portland, Oregon (USA), and to highlight the significance of community efforts in providing gender-responsive measures that address the specific needs and challenges of refugee women.

Design/methodology/approach

This commentary draws on a mixed-method approach, including ethnographic research (interviews and observations) as well as an analysis of emerging research on the social implications of COVID-19 in the fields of migration and gender.

Findings

Refugee women's livelihoods have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in various specific ways: from losing jobs and healthcare to becoming essential workers and assuming additional caretaker roles, to finding oneself again in unprecedented situations of limited mobility and social isolation. These impacts have been informed by restricted access to resources and services, lack of information about resources and services, and paramount fear due to ever-changing policy. Based on interviews and observations the authors conducted, they find that in many ways, community efforts have addressed the specific needs and challenges of refugee women in the absence of gender-responsive COVID-19 measures across institutional levels and policy areas.

Originality/value

In this commentary, the authors present original data from their ethnographic research on a particularly marginalized, yet resilient population: refugee women. By centering refugee women's experiences, the authors highlight the lack of gender-responsiveness in COVID-19 measures and provide insights into social implications of COVID-19 that often remain overlooked and understudied in discourse and politics.

Details

International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 42 no. 3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 17 December 2018

Chris F. Wright, Alex J. Wood, Jonathan Trevor, Colm McLaughlin, Wei Huang, Brian Harney, Torsten Geelan, Barry Colfer, Cheng Chang and William Brown

The purpose of this paper is to review “institutional experimentation” for protecting workers in response to the contraction of the standard employment relationship and the…

1857

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review “institutional experimentation” for protecting workers in response to the contraction of the standard employment relationship and the corresponding rise of “non-standard” forms of paid work.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on the existing research and knowledge base of the authors as well as a thorough review of the extant literature relating to: non-standard employment contracts; sources of labour supply engaging in non-standard work; exogenous pressures on the employment relationship; intermediaries that separate the management from the control of labour; and entities that subvert the employment relationship.

Findings

Post-war industrial relations scholars characterised the traditional regulatory model of collective bargaining and the standard employment contract as a “web of rules”. As work relations have become more market mediated, new institutional arrangements have developed to govern these relations and regulate the terms of engagement. The paper argues that these are indicative of an emergent “patchwork of rules” which are instructive for scholars, policymakers, workers’ representatives and employers seeking solutions to the contraction of the traditional regulatory model.

Research limitations/implications

While the review of the institutional experimentation is potentially instructive for developing solutions to gaps in labour regulation, a drawback of this approach is that there are limits to the realisation of policy transfer. Some of the initiatives discussed in the paper may be more effective than others for protecting workers on non-standard contracts, but further research is necessary to test their effectiveness including in different contexts.

Social implications

The findings indicate that a task ahead for the representatives of government, labour and business is to determine how to adapt the emergent patchwork of rules to protect workers from the new vulnerabilities created by, for example, employer extraction and exploitation of their individual bio data, social media data and, not far off, their personal genome sequence.

Originality/value

The paper addresses calls to examine the “institutional intersections” that have informed the changing ways that work is conducted and regulated. These intersections transcend international, national, sectoral and local units of analysis, as well as supply chains, fissured organisational dynamics, intermediaries and online platforms. The analysis also encompasses the broad range of stakeholders including businesses, labour and community groups, nongovernmental organisations and online communities that have influenced changing institutional approaches to employment protection.

Details

Employee Relations: The International Journal, vol. 41 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0142-5455

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Book part
Publication date: 22 September 2022

Donald Palmer and Tim Weiss

Entrepreneurs and their ventures are often portrayed as unambiguously positive forces in society. Specifically, high technology and equity-funded startups are heralded for their…

Abstract

Entrepreneurs and their ventures are often portrayed as unambiguously positive forces in society. Specifically, high technology and equity-funded startups are heralded for their innovative products and services that are believed to alter the economic, social, and even political fabric of life in advantageous ways. This paper draws on established theory on the causes of misconduct in and by organizations to elaborate the factors that can give rise to misconduct in entrepreneurial ventures, illustrating our arguments with case material on both widely known and less well-known instances of entrepreneurial misconduct. In venturing into the dark side of entrepreneurship, we hope to contribute to theory on entrepreneurship and organizational misconduct, augment entrepreneurship pedagogy, and offer ideas and examples that can enhance entrepreneurs’ awareness of their susceptibility to wrongdoing.

Details

Entrepreneurialism and Society: New Theoretical Perspectives
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80382-658-5

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