Marie‐Laure Bouchet, Tracy Hopkins, Margaret Kinnell and Cliff McKnight
Reports on research conducted in the UK into the impact of information use on decision making in the pharmaceuticals industry. The results help library and information service…
Abstract
Reports on research conducted in the UK into the impact of information use on decision making in the pharmaceuticals industry. The results help library and information service managers to better understand the information needs of their clients.
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Understanding patterns identified in research on emergency teams (ETs) may not only enrich applied understanding of coordinated emergency response but also broader theory about…
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Understanding patterns identified in research on emergency teams (ETs) may not only enrich applied understanding of coordinated emergency response but also broader theory about communication and the adaptive potential of groups and teams more generally. This chapter establishes the theoretical significance of ETs, especially for scholarship wishing to acknowledge and account for their embeddedness in organizations and institutions. Further, it describes what has been learned from ET research with regard to the impact of stress, the management of emergent ambiguity, and the role of communication in postincident learning and continuous improvement.
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Ralph A. Gigliotti, Brighid Dwyer and Kristina Ruiz-Mesa
The Computers in Teaching Initiative (CTI) is a programme funded by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the Higher Education Funding Councils of the UK with, as its…
Abstract
The Computers in Teaching Initiative (CTI) is a programme funded by the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) of the Higher Education Funding Councils of the UK with, as its name implies, the purpose of encouraging wider use of computer‐aided methods in university teaching. There are a number of centres which have been set up to disseminate information about the available training packages in specific subject areas. The Centre at Loughborough is concerned with the field of Library and Information Studies (LIS) and is known as CTILIS (Computers in Teaching Initiative Centre for Library and Information Studies).
Helen Rhodes and Jacqueline Chelin
A survey carried out during 1998 investigated the use of the World Wide Web for user education in 68 UK university libraries. Almost three‐quarters of the libraries surveyed make…
Abstract
A survey carried out during 1998 investigated the use of the World Wide Web for user education in 68 UK university libraries. Almost three‐quarters of the libraries surveyed make use of the Web for this purpose. The Web is used as a supplement to existing user education, in order to support independent, student centred learning and to reach parttime and distance learners. Just ten percent of user education is delivered solely via the Web, but libraries indicated that use will grow in the future. It was found that greater use is made of the Web for information skills training than for library induction. The authors suggest a number of reasons why more use is not being made of the Web for user education and propose future developments in this area. Web‐based instruction is unlikely to completely replace traditional methods, but it can be used to supplement and extend existing provision.
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Kenneth Brevoort and Howard P Marvel
This paper presents evidence to suggest that despite obstacles that made predatory pricing essentially impossible, the National Cash Register Co. (N.C.R.) managed successfully to…
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This paper presents evidence to suggest that despite obstacles that made predatory pricing essentially impossible, the National Cash Register Co. (N.C.R.) managed successfully to deploy an arsenal of non-price predatory strategies that permitted it to consolidate and maintain a nearly complete monopoly of the cash-register trade. N.C.R. took actions to raise the costs and reduce the revenues of its rivals, actions that made sense only to the extent that N.C.R. could recoup their costs through the maintenance of monopoly rents. Our analysis suggests that antitrust prosecution was a significant threat to N.C.R., and ultimately forced the company to agree to abandon its most objectionable practices.
Oldrich Krpec and Vladan Hodulak
To discuss the historical roots of contemporary geopolitical economy, this paper aims to explore the complex and influential analysis of Tilly's formation of European national…
Abstract
To discuss the historical roots of contemporary geopolitical economy, this paper aims to explore the complex and influential analysis of Tilly's formation of European national states as a predominant type of territorial political organization in contemporary world. To do this, Tilly described different eras of dominant organization of warfare in relation to state organization: patrimonialism, brokerage, nationalization, specialization. In this paper, we explore the link between the organization of military power and trade policy. We are trying to answer the question, if it is possible to credibly state a connection between the trade policy types pursued by selected states in specific historical periods and Tilly’s eras of dominant form of organization of warfare. For this purpose, we developed a typology of trade policies of important states throughout the history, using the economic history research of leading experts in the field. Our conclusion is that such a connection – between trade policy and Tilly’s eras of organization of warfare – can be made and that this connection is solidly supported by economic history. Our analysis may be of value for any critical assessment of international trade relations in contemporary geopolitical economy – and of influential cosmopolitan interpretations of the liberal trade regime of 19th century or globalization in 20th century.
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Gina Phelps Thoebes, Tracy H. Porter and Jessica A. Peck
The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the current state of physician leadership. Theory of expert leadership (TEL) was applied to explore the effects of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the current state of physician leadership. Theory of expert leadership (TEL) was applied to explore the effects of physician inherent knowledge, industry experience and leadership capabilities on leader behaviors and outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach
This review (August 2011–February 2022) applied the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis strategy. Our search began with 3,537 studies and a final sample of 12 articles.
Findings
The findings offer a number of studies that note the relationship between physician leadership and the three dimensions of TEL. How influential these are on leadership behaviors and health-related outcomes varies. We also found a number of studies that described general physician leadership behaviors that were not directly linked to factors of TEL, as well as two additional themes: leader identity and trust.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic review that has applied a highly cited theory (i.e. TEL) to the data and the first that has focused solely on a U.S. population. These findings offer healthcare organizations insight into the potential strengths and challenges of physician leadership.
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Elise E. Racine and Joanna J. Bryson
As illustrated by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), epidemic models are powerful health policy tools critical for disease prevention and control, i.e. if they are fit for…
Abstract
Purpose
As illustrated by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), epidemic models are powerful health policy tools critical for disease prevention and control, i.e. if they are fit for purpose. How do people ensure this is the case and where does health education fit in?
Design/methodology/approach
This research takes a multidisciplinary approach combining qualitative secondary and primary data from a literature review, interviews and surveys. The former spans academic literature, grey literature and course curriculum, while the latter two involve discussions with various modeling stakeholders (educators, academics, students, modeling experts and policymakers) both within and outside the field of epidemiology.
Findings
More established approaches (compartmental models) appear to be favored over emerging techniques, like agent-based models. This study delves into how formal and informal education opportunities may be driving this preference. Drawing from other fields, the authors consider how this can be addressed.
Practical implications
This study offers concrete recommendations (course design routed in active learning pedagogies) as to how health education and, by extension, policy can be reimagined post-COVID to make better use of the full range of epidemic modeling methods available.
Originality/value
There is a lack of research exploring how these methods are taught and how this instruction influences which methods are employed. To fill this gap, this research uniquely engages with modeling stakeholders and bridges disciplinary silos to build complimentary knowledge.