Peter P. Chhim, Toni M. Somers and Ratna Babu Chinnam
This study provides insight into factors surrounding knowledge reuse through electronic knowledge repositories (EKR).
Abstract
Purpose
This study provides insight into factors surrounding knowledge reuse through electronic knowledge repositories (EKR).
Design/methodology/approach
A multi-theoretical framework is proposed that views knowledge reuse from both socio-technical and expectation confirmation model perspectives. Survey data are used to test associated hypotheses derived from the literature.
Findings
Results confirm the explanatory power of this approach to predict greater knowledge reuse and greater continuance of use.
Research limitations/implications
Results suggest social and technical factors modelled interdependently affect knowledge reuse and lead to greater performance, knowledge sharing and continuance of use.
Practical implications
Practical and managerial recommendations for enhancing enablers of knowledge reuse via EKR are offered.
Originality/value
This study models enablers to knowledge reuse and resulting downstream effects on organizational outcomes. It provides an original framework for studying knowledge reuse within an EKR or knowledge management system perspective.
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Toni M. Somers, Yash P. Gupta and Arthur W. Smith
In this article the data are analysed on strike andnormal working durations from three industries – thepublic school system, electronics, and seaports– over the period 1946 to…
Abstract
In this article the data are analysed on strike and normal working durations from three industries – the public school system, electronics, and seaports – over the period 1946 to 1987. The duration of strikes experienced immediately prior to negotiation is shown to have a positive effect on a bargaining unit′s duration of normal working during a current contract negotiation. For all three industries the impact of strike duration was greatest immediately following a strike; the longer the duration of the strike, the longer the ensuing normal working time.
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Yash P. Gupta, Toni M. Somers and Lea Grau
The emergence of advanced manufacturing technologies such as Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) is forcing organisations to re‐examine their manufacturing strategies. CNC…
Abstract
The emergence of advanced manufacturing technologies such as Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) is forcing organisations to re‐examine their manufacturing strategies. CNC machines are an integral part of FMS. The literature dealing with the downtime behaviour of these machines is sparse. The purpose of this article is to analyse the behaviour and forecast downtimes of these machines using Box‐Jenkins time series analysis. It is concluded that the models fitted to the data are appropriate, and the results of this study can be used in production planning.
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Toni M. Somers, Yash P. Gupta and Arthur W. Smith
Data are analysed on strike and normal workingdurations from three professions – the publicschool system, electronics, and seaports over theperiod 1946 to 1987. The duration of…
Abstract
Data are analysed on strike and normal working durations from three professions – the public school system, electronics, and seaports over the period 1946 to 1987. The duration of strikes experienced immediately prior to negotiation is shown to have a positive effect on a bargaining unit′s duration of normal working during a current contract negotiation. For all three professions, the primary finding of this study is that longer duration strikes in time t produce longer normal working time at time t + 1.
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Toni M. Somers and Yash P. Gupta
In this article a case study is reported which deals withidentifying the sources of downtime, and a procedure which could helpmanagement to predict whether the daily production…
Abstract
In this article a case study is reported which deals with identifying the sources of downtime, and a procedure which could help management to predict whether the daily production standards in auto assembly‐line operations could be met given the intensity of sources of downtime. This study was conducted for a large auto engine manufacturer. The engine assembly line under study is subject to good preventive maintenance to avert unexpected breakdowns that would shut down the line or lower the quality so as to reduce the yield in total. Two multivariate statistical procedures are used – factor analysis and multiple discriminant analysis.
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Stephan Liozu, Andreas Hinterhuber and Toni Somers
– The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship between organizational antecedents, pricing capabilities, and firm performance.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship between organizational antecedents, pricing capabilities, and firm performance.
Design/methodology/approach
Quantitative survey of 748 managers from mostly large companies globally.
Findings
It was found that the following five key organizational resources (the 5 Cs) – center-led price management, organizational confidence, championing behaviors, organizational change capacity, and pricing capabilities – positively influence firm performance. Furthermore, it was found that center-led price management, organizational change capacity, and championing behaviors act as important antecedents to pricing capabilities and, except for the former, to organizational confidence. The authors also examine interaction and mediation effects.
Originality/value
The results thus suggest that generic organizational factors – namely center-led price management – as well as highly idiosyncratic firm, specific capabilities – namely organizational confidence, championing behaviors by top management, organizational change capacity, and pricing capabilities – are key requirements to increase firm performance via pricing.
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Scott Somers and Anthony LoGiudice
This paper reports on an investigation of spatial patterns of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence in a large American city. The purpose of this paper is to identify…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper reports on an investigation of spatial patterns of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) incidence in a large American city. The purpose of this paper is to identify neighborhoods and public occupancies with highest risk in order to develop an evidence-based strategy to promote cardiac health and improve survival.
Design/methodology/approach
Two-tailed bivariate analysis was conducted using a Spearman correlation coefficient to check the covariance of census variables that were expected to relate to OHCA incidence. A principal component analysis was conducted on the remaining variables that statistically correlated with OHCA. Local indicators of spatial analysis was conducted to test the OHCA risk index and assess how well it predicts the observed OHCA incidence.
Findings
Clusters of OHCA events were found in neighborhoods with socially isolated older persons, as well as low-income minority populations. However, while past research has documented high-risk OHCA locations, these were not the case in this community.
Originality/value
The results highlight the importance of using local data to develop public health policies. Understanding neighborhood-level risks invariably guides resource allocation, service provision, and policy decisions to improve community public health and safety outcomes.
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A. Nick Vera, Travis L. Wagner and Vanessa L. Kitzie
This chapter addresses the shortcomings of current self-efficacy models describing the health information practices of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and…
Abstract
This chapter addresses the shortcomings of current self-efficacy models describing the health information practices of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA+) communities. Informed by semi-structured interviews with 30 LGBTQIA+ community leaders from South Carolina, findings demonstrate how their self-efficacy operates beyond HIV/AIDS research while complicating traditional models that isolate an individual’s health information practices from their abundant communal experiences. Findings also suggest that participants engage with health information and resources in ways deemed unhealthy or harmful by healthcare providers. However, such practices are nuanced, and participants carefully navigate them, balancing concerns for community safety and well-being over traditional engagements with healthcare infrastructures. These findings have implications for public and health librarianship when providing LGBTQIA+ communities with health information. Practitioners must comprehend how the collective meanings, values, and lived experiences of LGBTQIA+ communities inform how they create, seek, share, and use health information to engage in successful informational interventions for community health promotion. Otherwise, practitioners risk embracing approaches that apply decontextualized, deficit-based understandings of these health information practices, and lack community relevance.
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Dwi Larso, Toni Doolen and Marla Hacker
The ability of production organizations to respond quickly to changes in the market with new products requires flexibility. The relationship between manufacturing flexibility and…
Abstract
Purpose
The ability of production organizations to respond quickly to changes in the market with new products requires flexibility. The relationship between manufacturing flexibility and the performance of organizations in new product development is not well characterized. The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a flexibility model focused on new product performance in manufacturing organizations empirically in one industrial sector.
Design/methodology/approach
Hypothesized relationships between manufacturing flexibility, new product type, and new product performance are empirically tested using survey data from 273 companies, representing a range of US electronic manufacturers.
Findings
Factor and cluster analysis identifies eight distinct flexibility dimensions and a hierarchy among these dimensions. The relationships between the identified flexibility dimensions and new product performance, as tested through correlation analyses, are found to be dependent on the type of new product development.
Research limitations/implications
Overall, this study highlights the complexity of the relationship between manufacturing flexibility and new product performance. This study is conducted in a specific sector, so the results cannot be generalized. More complex mathematical models, requiring a larger data set, would be helpful in further separating out direct and indirect effects of variables, such as new product type, on the relationship between flexibility and performance.
Practical implications
With multiple dimensions of flexibility, organizational leaders must choose the dimension(s) that is/are most appropriate to develop. This study helps provide insight into which dimensions of flexibility a particular plant should focus on, given a particular type of new product.
Originality/value
The study has made a significant contribution by identifying the dimensions of flexibility related to new product performance and in proposing a hierarchical structure for these dimensions. This study has also made a contribution by providing empirical support for the role of new product type as a moderator in the flexibility/performance relationship.
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Medea Zirakashvili, Maia Gabunia, Nana Mebonia, Tamar Mikiashvili, Giorgi Lomidze, Somer Bishop, Bennett Leventhal and Young Shin Kim
Even though 95% of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), live in low- and middle-income countries, there is a dearth of studies…
Abstract
Purpose
Even though 95% of children with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), live in low- and middle-income countries, there is a dearth of studies from these countries, including the Republic of Georgia. Several ASD screening tools are available, but few are validated for use in Georgian or other smaller countries. This study aims to adapt and validate the autism spectrum screening questionnaire (ASSQ) for use in Georgia.
Design/methodology/approach
The ASSQ was administered for all third-grade students in 402 schools in the five main Georgian cities, n = 27,336. Prior to use, the 27-item ASSQ was translated, back-translated and adapted for use in Georgia. A total of 16,556 students (approximately 61%) were assessed by a parent and/or teacher. Optimal cutoff scores were estimated. Randomly chosen children who screened positive (n = 173) and negative (n = 127) were offered comprehensive assessment using standardized diagnostic procedures.
Findings
Data from 15,510 parents- and 13,517 teachers-administered ASSQ revealed statistically significant differences in median and cutoff scores between parents and teachers: 7 versus 4 and 9 versus 6, respectively. Cutoff score = 14, on either parent or teacher ASSQ, had sensitivity of 0.94, indicating that it can be used in school settings.
Originality/value
The Georgian adaptation of the ASSQ creates opportunity for further ASD research, while also providing a valid screening tool for clinicians. Data from Georgia will add to the growing understanding of the broader ASD phenotype.