Carmen Marina Garcia-Falcon, Tomas Gil-Lopez, Amparo Verdu-Vazquez and Julia Claudia Mirza-Rosca
This paper aims to analyze the corrosion behavior in Ringer solution of six commercially used Ni-based alloys that are present and commonly used as metallic biomaterials.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the corrosion behavior in Ringer solution of six commercially used Ni-based alloys that are present and commonly used as metallic biomaterials.
Design/methodology/approach
The specimens were received in the form of cylindrical ingots and were cut to get five samples of each brand with a cylindrical shape of 2 mm height to conduct the study. In this scientific research, the following techniques were used: open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization studies, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Findings
The study findings revealed the passivation tendency of the different specimens. Additionally, when the materials were compared, it was discovered that the decisive factor for high corrosion resistance was the chromium concentration. However, with similar chromium content, the stronger concentration in molybdenum increased the resistance. According to the results obtained in this investigation, the biological safety of the dental materials studied in Ringer solution was considered very high for specimens 1 and 2, and adequate for the other samples.
Originality/value
Metal alloys used as biomaterials in contact with the human body should be deeply investigated to make sure they are biocompatible and do not cause any harm. The corrosion resistance of an alloy is the most important characteristic for its biological safety, as all problems arise because of the corrosion process. There is scarce investigation in these Ni-based dental biomaterials, and none found in these commercially used dental materials in Ringer solution.
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Mariangela Piazza, Erica Mazzola and Filippo Chiarello
Prior crowdsourcing literature has highlighted that communication among peers within the crowdsourcing community matters since it affects the solvers’ success. Particularly…
Abstract
Purpose
Prior crowdsourcing literature has highlighted that communication among peers within the crowdsourcing community matters since it affects the solvers’ success. Particularly, previous scholars have focused on how the volume and the content of communications among solvers improve their creativity and likelihood of winning crowdsourcing contests. This study aims to understand whether, alongside these two communication dimensions, the linguistic style of solvers’ communications (i.e. how solvers write things) permits them to promote their qualities in seekers’ eyes and emerge from the crowd.
Design/methodology/approach
Empirically, we collected data from a sample of 1866 solvers within the community of the 99designs crowdsourcing platform to build an ad-hoc dataset and test our hypotheses by running an econometric analysis.
Findings
Our results show that by posting comments of moderate length and prudent complexity, characterized by positive language and an other-oriented perspective, solvers can signal their capabilities and skills to increase their likelihood of succeeding in crowdsourcing contests.
Originality/value
This research’s findings contribute to prior crowdsourcing literature, which has so far exclusively focused on the linguistic style used by seekers when drafting the requests for proposals of their competitions. Moreover, the paper offers practical guidance for both solvers and seekers, suggesting how to leverage peer communications in crowdsourcing contests.
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Mara Mataveli, Juan Carlos Ayala and Alfonso J. Gil
The objective of this work is to examine the factors that influence the decision of Brazilian companies to export.
Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this work is to examine the factors that influence the decision of Brazilian companies to export.
Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire was used to collect data from a statistically significant sample of 318 Brazilian exporting firms. Three types of study were carried out; an exploratory study that simplified the information through a principal component analysis, a descriptive study of the factors that influence the decision to export by Brazilian companies and a study of variance that allowed comparison of groups of firms.
Findings
After an analysis of the literature, 11 factors were proposed that influence the decision to export. Two unique factors resulted from the principal components analysis: “resource optimisation” and “performance and development”. The “performance and development” factor was more valued than the “resource optimisation” factor. From the analysis of variance, significant differences were only found in the variable “firm size”.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature by presenting further knowledge of export factors in developing countries, the management of companies and instruments for decision making in the area of internationalisation.
Propósito
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo examinar los factores que influyen en la decisión de exportar de las empresas brasileñas.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Se utilizó un cuestionario para recopilar datos de una muestra estadísticamente significativa de 318 empresas exportadoras brasileñas. Se realizan tres tipos de estudio, un estudio exploratorio que permite simplificar la información a través de un análisis de componentes principales, un estudio descriptivo de los factores que influyen en la exportación de las empresas de Brasil, y un estudio de varianza que permite comparar grupos de empresas.
Resultados
Después de un análisis de la literatura, se propusieron 11 factores que influyen en la decisión de exportar. Del análisis de componentes principales, resultan dos únicos factores: “optimización de recursos” y “rendimiento y desarrollo”. El factor “rendimiento y desarrollo” es más valorado que el factor “optimización de recursos”. Del análisis de varianza, solo se encontraron diferencias significativas en la variable “tamaño de la empresa”.
Originalidad/valor
Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura al presentar un mayor conocimiento de los factores de exportación en los países en desarrollo, además, los resultados permiten mejorar la gestión de empresas, esencialmente en la toma de decisiones en el área de la internacionalización.
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Kwadwo Asante, David Sarpong and Derrick Boakye
This study responded to calls to investigate the behavioural and social antecedents that produce a highly positive response to AI bias in a constrained region, which is…
Abstract
Purpose
This study responded to calls to investigate the behavioural and social antecedents that produce a highly positive response to AI bias in a constrained region, which is characterised by a high share of people with minimal buying power, growing but untapped market opportunities and a high number of related businesses operating in an unregulated market.
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on empirical data from 225 human resource managers from Ghana, data were sourced from senior human resource managers across industries such as banking, insurance, media, telecommunication, oil and gas and manufacturing. Data were analysed using a fussy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).
Findings
The results indicated that managers who regarded their response to AI bias as a personal moral duty felt a strong sense of guilt towards the unintended consequences of AI logic and reasoning. Therefore, managers who perceived the processes that guide AI algorithms' reasoning as discriminating showed a high propensity to address this prejudicial outcome.
Practical implications
As awareness of consequences has to go hand in hand with an ascription of responsibility; organisational heads have to build the capacity of their HR managers to recognise the importance of taking personal responsibility for artificial intelligence algorithm bias because, by failing to nurture the appropriate attitude to reinforce personal norm among managers, no immediate action will be taken.
Originality/value
By integrating the social identity theory, norm activation theory and justice theory, the study improves our understanding of how a collective organisational identity, perception of justice and personal values reinforce a positive reactive response towards AI bias outcomes.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of intangible resources on export performance, considering the mediating effect of absorptive capabilities and innovation.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of intangible resources on export performance, considering the mediating effect of absorptive capabilities and innovation.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use a quantitative research approach by conducting a quantitative study based on survey data from 247 Portuguese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from the textile industry.
Findings
Findings suggest that: Intangible resources has a positive, significant and direct influence on absorptive capabilities and on export performance; intangible resources has not a significant and direct influence on innovation and on the opposite direction absorptive capabilities has a positive, significant and direct influence on it; innovation has a positive, significant and direct influence on export performance, contrary to absorptive capabilities that has not a significant and direct influence; and innovation has a mediating effect on the relationship between intangible resources and export performance, and the same does not happens on the relationship between absorptive capabilities and export performance.
Practical implications
This paper presents further evidences of the strategies that textile industry’s small firm managers should pursue, and policymakers should promote within the scope of the strategies associated to the system of tax benefits under negotiation for Portugal 2030.
Originality/value
While previous authors have attempted to analyse certain aspects of this process (connection between intangible resources and export performance), this research developed a framework that combines these ones with the mediating effect of absorptive capabilities and innovation. This study deepens our understanding and provides novel insights into strategic management and innovation literature, since it combines multiple factors and has obtained the importance of each construct in SMEs business growth.