This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/14664100010361746. When citing the…
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn as it was published elsewhere and accidentally duplicated. The original article can be seen here: 10.1108/14664100010361746. When citing the article, please cite: Lindsey A. Gough, Tim M. Reynolds, (2000), “Is Clinical Pathology Accreditation worth it? A survey of CPA-accredited laboratories”, British Journal of Clinical Governance, Vol. 5 Iss: 4, pp. 195 - 201.
Lindsey A. Gough and Tim M. Reynolds
Following two pilot studies, Clinical Pathology Accreditation (CPA) accreditation was introduced to UK pathology laboratories in 1992. Since then, significant numbers of…
Abstract
Following two pilot studies, Clinical Pathology Accreditation (CPA) accreditation was introduced to UK pathology laboratories in 1992. Since then, significant numbers of laboratories have undergone accreditation but many have never applied. We carried out a postal survey of 145 accredited laboratories in the UK to independently determine the opinions of laboratory managers/clinicians about CPA and whether accreditation had produced any significant benefits to pathology services. Ninety‐three replies were received (64 per cent) a good response to an unsolicited questionnaire. Most laboratories felt accreditation by CPA had resulted in better laboratory performance with more documentation and better health and safety and training procedures. CPA accreditation was believed to provide useful information by approximately 50 per cent of laboratories but was also felt by a significant proportion of laboratories to be over‐bureaucratic, inefficient and expensive (46 of 93 respondents). Many complaints were voiced about the excessive paperwork that CPA generated and there was also a significant body of opinion that felt that CPA assessed areas were the domain of other regulatory bodies such as the CPSM, IBMS and HSE.
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Julius Wilker, Tim Göttlich, Thorsten Helmig, Rafael Solana Gómez, Hossein Askarizadeh and Reinhold Kneer
Particularly during machining, large heat sources and thus high temperature gradients and mechanical stress occur in the cutting zone. By using cutting fluids, part of the heat…
Abstract
Purpose
Particularly during machining, large heat sources and thus high temperature gradients and mechanical stress occur in the cutting zone. By using cutting fluids, part of the heat generated can be dissipated, thereby reducing local temperatures. To quantify the cooling efficiency of the cutting fluid, the flow behaviour of the cutting fluid in vicinity of the cutting zone must be determined to derive the resulting convective heat transfer coefficients at the tool. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the local distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient as a function of the flow boundary conditions, specifically evaluating the effects of Reynolds number, injection angle and nozzle radius.
Design/methodology/approach
The geometries, temperature fields as well as the heat sources resulting during the machining process are extracted from a chip formation simulation using finite element method (FEM) and used to set up a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow simulation.
Findings
On the tool rake face, the local distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient can be divided into three regions. Firstly, the region where the liquid impinging jet initially strikes, then a region near the chip where the flow is strongly deflected and then the remaining region in the boundary layer region. For each region, a function is derived that describes its position, subsequently the mean convective heat transfer coefficient is determined and summarised in a Nusselt correlation as a function of the flow parameters.
Research limitations/implications
Simulation results reveal that the distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient on the tool rake face can be divided into three distinct regions: the impingement zone where the impinging jet first strikes, the deflection zone near the chip where the flow sharply redirects and the boundary layer zone covering the remaining surface. A geometric function is derived to describe the position and extent of each of these areas. In addition, the mean convective heat transfer coefficient can be determined for each of the regions using a Nusselt correlation based on the flow parameters.
Practical implications
These correlations allow for simplified determination of the local convective heat transfer coefficient on the tool.
Originality/value
This paper introduces an innovative approach for estimating the local distribution of the convective heat transfer coefficient at the tool rake face during orthogonal cutting under cutting fluid supply. The influence of the three-dimensional flow field of the cutting fluid jet of the convective heat transfer coefficient on the tool rake face is analysed in detail in the vicinity of the chip as a function of varying Reynolds numbers, nozzle radii and injection angles within a three-dimensional geometry.
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Victor P. Seidel, Kelley A. Packalen and Siobhan O’Mahony
Scholars have studied how entrepreneurs acquire resources but have not examined how resources may be bundled with constraints, which can threaten entrepreneurial autonomy…
Abstract
Scholars have studied how entrepreneurs acquire resources but have not examined how resources may be bundled with constraints, which can threaten entrepreneurial autonomy. Organizational sponsors, such as incubators and accelerators, provide entrepreneurs with resources, but how do entrepreneurs sustain autonomy while seeking resources and support? We studied five entrepreneurial firms in a business incubator over a six-month period. While benefitting from incubator resources, entrepreneurs also experienced unexpected constraints, including mentor role conflict, gatekeeper control, and affiliation dissonance. By showing how entrepreneurs unbundled the incubator’s resources from constraints, we explain how entrepreneurs manage the tension between acquiring resources and preserving autonomy.
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Terence Chia and Andrew R. Timming
Diversity and inclusion initiatives are normally centred on legally protected traits such as race and gender. As the legal framework expands to ensure that underrepresented…
Abstract
Diversity and inclusion initiatives are normally centred on legally protected traits such as race and gender. As the legal framework expands to ensure that underrepresented workers are protected, there exists a subset of the workforce who have diversity characteristics that are legally unprotected. For example, individuals who have visible tattoos can face employment discrimination when they are looking for work or looking to progress their careers. To add to the challenge, the perception of stigma is fluid and expectations related to the appearance of employees are determined by managers' perceptions of consumers' preferences. Drawing theoretically from self-categorisation theory and information processing theory, we discuss how the creation of a marketing and brand proposition framework can help to build an organisational identity that can benefit consumers and the organisation simultaneously. We also discuss the practical implications and strategies that organisations can consider to reduce such workplace discrimination.
This paper identifies and examine a divergence of philosophies and practice between corporate/traditional marketing (CTM) and entrepreneurial marketing (EM). The paper examines…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper identifies and examine a divergence of philosophies and practice between corporate/traditional marketing (CTM) and entrepreneurial marketing (EM). The paper examines the case of an entrepreneur who also possesses a deep understanding of CTM practices. The purpose of this paper is to learn which set of marketing practices entrepreneurs are likely to privilege.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is an ethnographic investigation of a marketing entrepreneur: one who possesses a deep understanding of CTM and who is also a successful entrepreneur. Data collection and analysis included participant observation, multiple interviews, and interpretation of textual and video data.
Findings
Entrepreneurs with CTM expertise privilege elements of EM. Rather than relying on the traditional four Ps (product, price, place, and promotion), their marketing strategy and practice is reminiscent of the entrepreneurial four P's (purpose, practices, process, and people). Communication competency is foundational to successful EM.
Practical implications
Entrepreneurs are encouraged to assess their personal situations and identify ways to improve their organizational and interpersonal communication skills and personal contact network processes.
Originality/value
This paper provides a provocative look at how CTM theory and practice are superseded by the creativity, flexibility, and innovation of day‐to‐day entrepreneurship. The paper validates a framework for analysis of marketing practices specific to entrepreneurs.
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Adchana Taerattanachai and Brian H. Kleiner
In order to be able to manage a business, it is wise to study the nature of that particular business. Employment agencies are also known as recruiters, head hunters and career…
Abstract
In order to be able to manage a business, it is wise to study the nature of that particular business. Employment agencies are also known as recruiters, head hunters and career counselors. There are differences amongst these types of organisations but, here, the article’s focus is geared toward employment agencies.
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Yakup Kemal Özekici and Kurban Ünlüönen
The present work attempts to investigate how restaurant staff perceive problematic customer behaviours (PCBs), the causes for PCBs and the core reasons that trigger such behaviour…
Abstract
Purpose
The present work attempts to investigate how restaurant staff perceive problematic customer behaviours (PCBs), the causes for PCBs and the core reasons that trigger such behaviour in restaurants.
Design/methodology/approach
The root causes were determined by systematic grading and then aggregated in a fishbone diagram to illustrate the real antecedents. First, the data obtained from in-depth interviews based on the grounded theory approach, conducted with 29 frontline employees in restaurants, were categorised using open, axial and selective coding. Then the 26 causes identified were graded and arranged into six levels, forming a chained hierarchy for each behaviour.
Findings
Ego-derived faults are among the key factors stemming from the personality of the customer, and the use of money as power is evident in such behaviours. In terms of issues related to social systems, the main factors were the structure of the sector, the “customer is always right” philosophy, other factors resulting from the local culture and the occupational image.
Research limitations/implications
First, more frequent and effective addressing of the sector structure can help employees feel more comfortable. Second, the study uncovers emotional and psychological aspects as core factors causing PCBs, paving the way for future studies.
Practical implications
To prevent PCBs, it may be necessary to provide relevant training for employees, empower leadership for middle-level managers and set up a customer crediting system as well as a customer blacklist based on smart technologies.
Originality/value
This research is the first attempt to reveal the root causes of the factors behind PCBs by forming graded-reason chains and representing integrated PCBs in a fishbone diagram. Using this instrument, the paper investigates the insights of employees to address a topic that few studies have dealt with thus far.
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Vishal Rana, Peter J. Jordan, Zhou Jiang and Herman H. M. Tse
Job design researchers advocate that jobs should be interesting, that is they should involve tasks that are meaningful and have significance. However, all jobs contain tasks that…
Abstract
Job design researchers advocate that jobs should be interesting, that is they should involve tasks that are meaningful and have significance. However, all jobs contain tasks that may be meaningful and significant and essential to organizations’ operation but not enjoyed by the employee. We refer to these tasks as non-preferred work tasks (NPWT). In this chapter, we draw on Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory to develop a conceptual model proposing that the intensity and frequency of non-preferred work tasks reduces employees’ propensity to engage in extra-role discretionary work behavior, and that job crafting and emotional state moderate this relationship.
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Gabrielle D. Young, David Philpott, Sharon C. Penney, Kimberly Maich and Emily Butler
This paper examines whether participation in quality early child education (ECE) lessens special education needs and insulates children against requiring costly, intensive…
Abstract
This paper examines whether participation in quality early child education (ECE) lessens special education needs and insulates children against requiring costly, intensive supports. Sixty years of longitudinal data coupled with new research in the United Kingdom and Canada were examined to demonstrate how quality ECE reduces special education needs and mitigates the intensity of later supports for children with special education needs. Research demonstrates that quality ECE strengthens children's language, literacy/numeracy, behavioural regulation, and enhances high-school completion. International longitudinal studies confirm that two years of quality ECE lowers special education placement by 40–60% for children with cognitive risk factors and 10–30% for social/behavioural risk factors. Explicit social-emotional learning outcomes also need to be embedded into ECE curricular frameworks, as maladaptive behaviours, once entrenched, are more difficult (and costly) to remediate. Children who do not have the benefit of attending quality ECE in the earliest years are more likely to encounter learning difficulties in school, in turn impacting the well-being and prosperity of their families and societies.