Tiago Melo Pereira, Sara Martinho and Miguel Barbosa
Perceived discrimination in medical setting is associated to adverse healthcare outcomes. Yet, few tools exist for assessing such discrimination among patients in Portugal. This…
Abstract
Purpose
Perceived discrimination in medical setting is associated to adverse healthcare outcomes. Yet, few tools exist for assessing such discrimination among patients in Portugal. This study aimed to validate the Discrimination in Medical Settings (DMS) scale for the Portuguese Roma population, explore their experiences of healthcare discrimination and analyze the association between perceived discrimination, health perception and healthcare trust.
Design/methodology/approach
In this cross-sectional study, 84 Roma adults (60,7% women) completed the DMS, along with microaggression assessments, health perception and healthcare trust evaluations.
Findings
The seven-item DMS scale yielded a one-factor structure that explained 71.80% of variance, with strong reliability (a = 0.89). The average DMS-measured perceived discrimination was 2.46. Discrimination correlated inversely with health perception and was strongly negatively associated to trust in healthcare.
Originality/value
The DMS scale exhibited reliability, single-dimensionality and validity among the Roma. High perceived discrimination in medical settings among Portuguese Roma was notably associated with individual health perception and healthcare trust.
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The purpose of the paper is to test the slack‐resources hypothesis in corporate social performance (CSP).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to test the slack‐resources hypothesis in corporate social performance (CSP).
Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses the technique of panel data in a sample of 624 American listed companies from 2001 to 2007. The literature review builds on the contradictions between the instrumental stakeholder theory and the slack‐resources hypothesis to argue that both concepts are not fully compatible.
Findings
The results indicate that prior financial performance, measured as market value added, positively affects CSP. The results further confirm that slack resources are assigned to specific areas of involvement of CSP (product issues, community relations, environmental issues, employee relations and diversity of the work force), rather than to a unified conception of CSP.
Research limitations/implications
The current trend in social responsibility regards Friedman's arguments as old‐fashioned and assumes the instrumental stakeholder to be true. The results presented here indicate that part of Friedman's claims may be occurring in reality, so further investigation is needed before they are disregarded.
Practical implications
The multidimensional nature of CSP, here proposed and confirmed by the exploratory models, indicates that each dimension of social performance may be impacted by the availability of funds different intensities; and according to the instrumental view (assuming the virtuous circle is true), investment in each particular dimension may provide a different level of return to the firm.
Originality/value
The slack resources hypothesis has been the least researched of the two hypotheses relating to the corporate social and financial performance (CSP and CFP) links. Although the slack resources hypothesis may explain the relation as well as the good management hypothesis, most studies tend to focus on the first one, basing their argumentation on the assumption that superior CFP comes as a result of a strategic CSP.
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The purpose of the paper is to examine the influence of organizational culture, top management tenure and financial performance on corporate social performance (CSP).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to examine the influence of organizational culture, top management tenure and financial performance on corporate social performance (CSP).
Design/methodology/approach
The sample comprises 295 Fortune 500 American companies from 2000 to 2005. Financial information from Thompson World Scope is contrasted with social responsibility data from KLD database and the estimation technique applied is panel data.
Findings
Results indicate that a humanistic culture has a positive impact of CSP, as well as management tenure and slack resources in a lesser degree.
Research limitations/implications
The paper successfully constructs and employs a variable depicting the humanistic culture of a firm. More research is needed to define which factors determine this culture dimension, so it can be scientifically agreed on as opposed to being used exploratorily.
Practical implications
The results point out that firms that incorporate a humanistic approach to culture perform well in CSP because their internal cultural values and beliefs drive them to establish a good relationship with stakeholders.
Originality/value
As opposed to the majority of the studies that focus on the CSP leading to financial performance relation, this article alternatively analyzes factors that determine CSP.
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Tiago Ribeiro de Araujo, Daniel Jugend, Marcio Lopes Pimenta, Gessica Mina Kim Jesus, Gladys Dorotea Dorotea Cacsire Barriga, José Carlos de Toledo and Ari Melo Mariano
This study aims to propose and test a research framework for analyzing the relationship between new product development (NPD) best practices and performance in companies that…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to propose and test a research framework for analyzing the relationship between new product development (NPD) best practices and performance in companies that belong to innovative industries in Brazil.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative survey was conducted, involving several industries, including agricultural machinery, automotive and pharmaceutical. Data was analyzed through multiple linear regression.
Findings
Among the best practices investigated, the main results show that “innovative culture” and “project climate” are factors that significantly affect the performance of the NPD.
Research limitations/implications
The choice of best practices can be considered a major limitation of this study, as this is a dynamic concept depending on a continuous analysis that must take into account the economic and technological environment.
Practical implications
This study highlights a relationship between an innovative culture and performance. Some practices may be adopted to address an innovative culture, such as stimulating employee creativity, acceptance and partnership with external actors for the joint development of technologies and employee involvement with NPD.
Originality/value
The findings expand the debate on best practices in NPD and innovation management by presenting results on the topic in an emerging country, in this case, Brazil.
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Hafizah Omar Zaki, Dahlia Fernandez, Omkar Dastane, Aini Aman and Soliha Sanusi
This study unravels the intellectual structure of virtual reality (VR) in digital marketing (DM) research, identifies core research gaps and presents future research avenues. The…
Abstract
Purpose
This study unravels the intellectual structure of virtual reality (VR) in digital marketing (DM) research, identifies core research gaps and presents future research avenues. The study also conducts a performance analysis of publications in the field and identifies the most important stakeholders of the stated topic.
Design/methodology/approach
The Web of Science database was used to retrieve the publications that were relevant to the topic between 2012 and 2022. Biblioshiny, a shiny app for the Bibliometrix R package, is used to conduct a bibliometric analysis by decoding the results into several visual representations.
Findings
This report includes the most prolific contributors, keyword analysis results, productive nations, authors and connections, as well as the most often cited publications on VR in DM. In DM research, numerous perspectives on VR were looked at, explored and revealed.
Practical implications
The findings provide a new perspective and understanding of the issue for researchers in order to improve their research insights in the field. This study will also benefit marketing practitioners in ensuring the sustainability and innovativeness of technology used to run their DM campaigns.
Originality/value
This research provides the first bibliometric analysis of the citation works and productivity in the field of VR in DM using Biblioshiny, identifies core research gaps and provides future research agenda which can be useful to advance the research understanding in this context.
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João Lizardo R. Hermes de Araújo, Agnes Maria de Aragão da Costa, Tiago Correia and Elbia Melo
To investigate the extent to which the contracting mechanisms instituted by the 2004 reform, in particular power auctions, have solved the investment hurdles created by the first…
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the extent to which the contracting mechanisms instituted by the 2004 reform, in particular power auctions, have solved the investment hurdles created by the first reform.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper analyses the characteristics of Brazilian contracting and the experience so far with power auctions, concerning investments in generation and electricity prices.
Findings
Auctions have been moderately successful, in the sense that they have attracted a fair number of bidders and electric companies have increased their value in the stock exchange, while keeping prices moderate. However, a number of other hurdles to investment – in particular clear and feasible criteria for environmental licensing – have to be solved in order to achieve the reform goals.
Research limitations/implications
The format of power auctions is still going through a learning process; also, the experience has been limited so far, which severely hinders the use of quantitative tools. This could be the object of future research, after more data are available. Of particular interest will be the follow‐up of free bilateral contracting, which has grown significantly.
Practical implications
This could be a useful reference for scholars interested in the recent developments in the Brazilian Electricity Supply Industry.
Originality/value
As far as is known, this is the first paper to systematically analyse the performance of power auctions in the Brazilian market. Its value lies in that it allows an objective evaluation of one central point of the 2004 reform.
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Barbara de Lima Voss, David Bernard Carter and Bruno Meirelles Salotti
We present a critical literature review debating Brazilian research on social and environmental accounting (SEA). The aim of this study is to understand the role of politics in…
Abstract
We present a critical literature review debating Brazilian research on social and environmental accounting (SEA). The aim of this study is to understand the role of politics in the construction of hegemonies in SEA research in Brazil. In particular, we examine the role of hegemony in relation to the co-option of SEA literature and sustainability in the Brazilian context by the logic of development for economic growth in emerging economies. The methodological approach adopts a post-structural perspective that reflects Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory. The study employs a hermeneutical, rhetorical approach to understand and classify 352 Brazilian research articles on SEA. We employ Brown and Fraser’s (2006) categorizations of SEA literature to help in our analysis: the business case, the stakeholder–accountability approach, and the critical case. We argue that the business case is prominent in Brazilian studies. Second-stage analysis suggests that the major themes under discussion include measurement, consulting, and descriptive approach. We argue that these themes illustrate the degree of influence of the hegemonic politics relevant to emerging economics, as these themes predominantly concern economic growth and a capitalist context. This paper discusses trends and practices in the Brazilian literature on SEA and argues that the focus means that SEA avoids critical debates of the role of capitalist logics in an emerging economy concerning sustainability. We urge the Brazilian academy to understand the implications of its reifying agenda and engage, counter-hegemonically, in a social and political agenda beyond the hegemonic support of a particular set of capitalist interests.
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Marco Antonio Pacheco Junior, Tiago F.A.C. Sigahi, Izabela Simon Rampasso, Lucas Gabriel Zanon, Walter Leal Filho and Rosley Anholon
This paper proposes an evaluation approach for analyzing excellence management practices at a regional level based on experts’ assessment.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper proposes an evaluation approach for analyzing excellence management practices at a regional level based on experts’ assessment.
Design/methodology/approach
Using the National Quality Foundation’s Management Excellence Model (MEG), 19 management excellence practices were identified and tailored for small- and medium-sized industries (SMIs). Data were collected through a survey with 25 experts who assessed these practices in the context of Brazilian manufacturing SMIs. The analysis utilized Fuzzy TOPSIS Class (FTC), and a sensitivity analysis was also conducted.
Findings
The proposed evaluation approach integrates a reference model for management excellence (MEG), an analysis method incorporating uncertainty (FTC), and results that enable decision-makers to make well-informed choices. Of the 19 practices assessed, 15 were classified as “unacceptable,” while four were rated as “regular,” and none as “expected.” Key challenges relate to practices in information security, knowledge, innovation and change management.
Research limitations/implications
The study’s primary limitation is the use of non-probabilistic sampling and its focus on the Brazilian context. However, the extensive knowledge and experience of the experts in manufacturing SMIs and the need for studies addressing specific regional contexts should be noted.
Practical implications
The findings reveal a significant gap between ideal management practices and the actual state of SMIs, especially in emerging markets.
Originality/value
This research introduces a novel approach that combines a reference model tailored for SMIs with a multicriteria decision-making method, offering valuable insights for decision-makers and guiding future research.
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Tiago Ferreira Barcelos and Kaio Glauber Vital Costa
This study aims to analyze and compare the relationship between international trade in global value chains (GVC) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for Brazil and China from 2000…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to analyze and compare the relationship between international trade in global value chains (GVC) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for Brazil and China from 2000 to 2016.
Design/methodology/approach
The input-output method apply to multiregional tables from Eora-26 to decompose the GHG emissions of the Brazilian and Chinese productive structure.
Findings
The data reveals that Chinese production and consumption emissions are associated with power generation and energy-intensive industries, a significant concern among national and international policymakers. For Brazil, the largest territorial emissions captured by the metrics come from services and traditional industry, which reveals room for improving energy efficiency. The analysis sought to emphasize how the productive structure and dynamics of international trade have repercussions on the environmental dimension, to promote arguments that guide the execution of a more sustainable, productive and commercial development strategy and offer inputs to advance discussions on the attribution of climate responsibility.
Research limitations/implications
The metrics did not capture emissions related to land use and deforestation, which are representative of Brazilian emissions.
Originality/value
Comparative analysis of emissions embodied in traditional sectoral trade flows and GVC, on backward and forward sides, for developing countries with the main economic regions of the world.
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Bianca Arcifa de Resende, Franco Giuseppe Dedini, Jony Javorsky Eckert, Tiago F.A.C. Sigahi, Jefferson de Souza Pinto and Rosley Anholon
This study aims to propose a facilitating methodology for the application of Fuzzy FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), comparing the traditional approach with fuzzy…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to propose a facilitating methodology for the application of Fuzzy FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), comparing the traditional approach with fuzzy variations, supported by a case application in the aeronautical sector.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on experts' opinions in risk analysis within the aeronautical sector, rules governing the relationship between severity, occurrence, detection and risk factor were defined. This served as input for developing a fuzzyfied FMEA tool using the Matlab Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The tool was applied to the sealing process in a company within the aeronautical sector, using triangular and trapezoidal membership functions, and the results were compared with the traditional FMEA approach.
Findings
The results of the comparative application of traditional FMEA and fuzzyfied FMEA using triangular and trapezoidal functions have yielded valuable insights into risk analysis. The findings indicated that fuzzyfied FMEA maintained coherence with the traditional analysis in identifying higher-risk effects, aligning with the prioritization of critical failure modes. Additionally, fuzzyfied FMEA allowed for a more refined prioritization by accounting for variations in each variable through fuzzy rules, thereby improving the accuracy of risk analysis and providing a more realistic representation of potential hazards. The application of the developed fuzzyfied FMEA approach showed promise in enhancing risk assessment in the aeronautical sector by considering uncertainties and offering a more detailed and context-specific analysis compared to conventional FMEA.
Practical implications
This study emphasizes the potential of fuzzyfied FMEA in enhancing risk assessment by accurately identifying critical failure modes and providing a more realistic representation of potential hazards. The application case reveals that the proposed tool can be integrated with expert knowledge to improve decision-making processes and risk mitigation strategies within the aeronautical industry. Due to its straightforward approach, this facilitating methodology could also prove beneficial in other industrial sectors.
Originality/value
This paper presents the development and application of a facilitating methodology for implementing Fuzzy FMEA, comparing it with the traditional approach and incorporating variations using triangular and trapezoidal functions. This proposed methodology uses the Toolbox Fuzzy Logic of Matlab to create a fuzzyfied FMEA tool, enabling a more nuanced and context-specific risk analysis by considering uncertainties.