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Article
Publication date: 12 October 2010

Thomas P. Ott

This paper seeks to identify the internal threats posed to financial institutions by international organized crime (IOC) groups, and outline relevant law enforcement strategies.

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Abstract

Purpose

This paper seeks to identify the internal threats posed to financial institutions by international organized crime (IOC) groups, and outline relevant law enforcement strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

Case studies and historical data from several US law enforcement agencies were relied on to identify the IOC threats, and to provide a subjective description of a strategic framework.

Findings

IOC has steadily expanded its presence, sophistication and influence, and today poses a substantial threat to financial institutions and markets throughout the world. IOC groups routinely utilize corrupt bank employees, attorneys, accountants and other gatekeepers, or “enemy insiders,” in a wide array of complex schemes involving money laundering, financial fraud, and high‐tech computer intrusions resulting in billions of dollars of losses each year to individual consumers and the global economy. A comprehensive law enforcement strategy to combat IOC must prioritize the threats, marshal intelligence, capitalize on foreign partnerships, and employ non‐law enforcement measures.

Practical implications

Law enforcement must increase its efforts to work collaboratively with public and private institutions, academia, and foreign counterparts to share intelligence on IOC activities, forecast emerging threats, identify priority targets, and pursue adaptable strategies that will be effective and sustainable far into the future.

Social implications

The paper increases the public's awareness, and promotes collaborative efforts among various societal components to address the IOC threats to financial institutions.

Originality/value

The successful implementation of the strategies discussed in this paper will enhance the ability of law enforcement and prosecution agencies to tackle the evolving challenges of IOC, and to help preserve the stability and integrity of our financial institutions.

Details

Journal of Financial Crime, vol. 17 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-0790

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Article
Publication date: 13 June 2024

Snejina Michailova, Dana L. Ott and Anthony Fee

The stand-alone scholarly conversations on host-country nationals (HCNs) and cultural intelligence (CQ) have developed over decades but have remained distant from each other. This…

88

Abstract

Purpose

The stand-alone scholarly conversations on host-country nationals (HCNs) and cultural intelligence (CQ) have developed over decades but have remained distant from each other. This paper aims to bridge them and explain why such a link can offer an initial understanding of HCNs’ CQ and yield new insights that could enrich and extend existing knowledge in the two literature streams.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper establishes a set of arguments that explain why and how the scholarly conversations on HCNs and CQ can be bridged. The authors supplement these arguments with three specific avenues for research that can guide new scholarly inquiry. Each avenue is accompanied with specific research questions that the authors find promising for generating new insights into issues related to HCNs’ CQ.

Findings

The two scholarly conversations that the authors link are strong, vibrant and mature. Each has yielded substantial conceptual and theoretical insights and produced rich empirical evidence. They have, however, remained relatively separate from each other. To bring them together, the authors propose three avenues by considering the role of HCNs’ CQ: in their cultural adjustment, for knowledge sharing and when supporting expatriates. The authors outline the implications of such studies for HCNs’ careers, performance and well-being, for the subsidiaries that constitute their immediate work environment and, for multinational corporations as HCNs’ broader organizational settings.

Originality/value

CQ is an important enabler of effective intercultural interactions in culturally diverse settings, precisely the types of encounters that HCNs have with their expatriate colleagues. Surprisingly, the HCN literature has not crossed paths with CQ research in a substantial manner. The authors rectify this by establishing that bridging the two conversations is meaningful and has a high potential for deepening the understanding of HCNs’ CQ as an under-researched but important phenomenon.

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Publication date: 23 September 2022

Kerem Gurses, Basak Yakis-Douglas and Pinar Ozcan

In this paper, we investigate how digital technology disruptors and the incumbents who stand to be disrupted by them frame their arguments to transform or sustain existing…

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate how digital technology disruptors and the incumbents who stand to be disrupted by them frame their arguments to transform or sustain existing institutional frameworks to enable or deter the market entry of these technologies. Using a longitudinal, comparative case analysis of three digital technologies – namely, voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), cloud antenna, and over-the-top (OTT) technologies – we explore how stakeholders use public interest frames for this purpose. We find that entrepreneurs use three specific frames to drive institutional change for the successful adoption of digital technologies in the presence of established incumbents and powerful regulators: frames that emphasize the broad public appeal of the new digital technology; frames that emphasize efficiency, democracy, and technological advancement; and frames that emphasize present as well as future benefits to the public. We find that constructing interpretations of what serves the public interest is the primary tactic used by disruptors to gain market entry, and an equally popular weapon for incumbents to block the entry of new digital technologies. These interpretations lead to a framing contest aimed at influencing regulators and obtaining a more favorable institutional environment. Our empirical findings illustrate that new digital technologies themselves are not the sole contributors to institutional change. Rather, institutional outcomes associated with the introduction of new digital technologies are shaped by how disruptors and incumbents use public interest frames and how regulators react to these frames.

Details

Digital Transformation and Institutional Theory
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-222-5

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Article
Publication date: 27 February 2018

Snejina Michailova and Dana L. Ott

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the literature on the relationship between international experience (IE) and cultural intelligence (CQ) development, and…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the literature on the relationship between international experience (IE) and cultural intelligence (CQ) development, and advocate for the utilization of theory to explain this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

On the basis of the premise that CQ can be developed through IE, the authors review existing empirical research in regards to this relationship. The authors conducted a search of the main business, education, and psychology databases for articles published from 2003, the year when the CQ construct was introduced, through 2017. The search focused on studies where CQ was tested as a dependent variable or as a mediator between IE and a dependent variable, and resulted in 15 empirical articles and three book chapters.

Findings

A critical analysis of the relationship between IE and CQ reveals considerable variation and inconsistencies among findings within the extant empirical literature. The authors argue that this is mainly because most studies fail to apply a theory to explain the link between these two constructs. The authors draw from social learning theory (SLT) to illustrate how it can be utilized to detail the relationship between IE and CQ development. The authors also suggest how future research can advance the understanding of this relationship, and outline the implications of such examinations for practice.

Originality/value

While substantive knowledge has been generated to understand CQ as an antecedent, the authors investigate CQ development as the dependent variable. The critical review of this literature identifies a specific weakness within previous research and the authors offer a way to resolve it. SLT, which views learning as being affected by both observation and experience, and includes attention, retention, and participative reproduction, is one potentially powerful tool that can explain why and how IE can lead to CQ development. This is a far more fine- grained and detailed approach to understanding and explaining the relationship between the two constructs than provided by previous studies.

Details

Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research, vol. 6 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2049-8799

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Article
Publication date: 27 July 2020

Yeon W. Lee, Hwy-Chang Moon and Wenyan Yin

The main purpose of this research is to construct a generalized set of innovation processes that occur at the ecosystem level based on the academic research. The study analyzes…

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Abstract

Purpose

The main purpose of this research is to construct a generalized set of innovation processes that occur at the ecosystem level based on the academic research. The study analyzes the cultural and creativity-driven over-the-top (OTT) platform that encompasses diverse network of ecosystem members by utilizing the four cooperation practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This study begins with the literature review that discusses various topics related to ecosystem (e.g. service innovation, innovative ecosystem). Then, this study introduces a new conceptual framework that describes how cooperations occur in the ecosystem. Finally, a qualitative and explorative case study of the OTT platforms in the global context is conducted.

Findings

The application of the framework reveals how co-innovative business ecosystems demonstrate co-evolution through different structures and directions. An ecosystem can evolve by incorporating other industries (i.e. horizontal growth or broadening strategy) to deepen and broaden the industry integration.

Originality/value

As an explorative approach that opens the discussion on how co-innovation and co-evolution occur at the ecosystem level, particularly in the culture and creativity-driven industry, the value of this research extends to other similar industries where diverse actors such as technology firms, Internet firms, direct consumers, government and even the society impact the type of product and service and shape the evolution of the entire ecosystem.

Details

Business Process Management Journal, vol. 26 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-7154

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Article
Publication date: 4 January 2013

Sigrit Altmäe, Kulno Türk and Ott‐Siim Toomet

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between Thomas‐Kilmann's Conflict Management Modes (CMM) and Fiedler's Leadership Style (LS) measures, both in the data…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between Thomas‐Kilmann's Conflict Management Modes (CMM) and Fiedler's Leadership Style (LS) measures, both in the data, and from the theoretical perspective. Based on the conceptual similarities, the authors first propose the existence of a relationship between Thomas‐Kilmann's CMM and Fiedler's LS measures, then establish the presence of the relationship, based on a dataset of Estonian managers.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use a unique dataset of 343 leaders and specialists from different Estonian organizations, on both Thomas‐Kilmann's CMM and Fiedler's Least Preferred Co‐worker test. The data were analyzed by multivariate methods.

Findings

The results indicate that leaders who are task‐oriented, according to Fiedler's model, tend to use more competing as the dominant CMM, while relationship‐oriented leaders are more accommodating. The authors also analyze the effect of individual characteristics, finding that younger managers are more task‐oriented while older ones are typically relationship‐oriented and conflict avoiding; women are more collaborative and less conflict avoiding, and men tend to use the accommodating mode more than women. Surprisingly, women tend to be more competitive.

Originality/value

This is the first study to establish a relationship between Fiedler's Leadership Style and Thomas‐Kilmann's Conflict Mode Instrument. This relationship can potentially be used for assessing the reliability and validity of measurements. The particular shape of it may be used to analyze the links between conflicts, relationships and assertiveness. Additionally, the paper provides an empirical analysis of conflict management habits and leadership styles of Estonian managers.

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Article
Publication date: 16 June 2022

Bernardo Paraíso De Campos Serra, Patricia Amelia Tomei, Fernando Serra and Luiz Antonio de Camargo Guerrazzi

The purpose of this paper is to examine existing research in Cultural Intelligence (CI), in an attempt to understand the intellectual influences on current research and research…

328

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine existing research in Cultural Intelligence (CI), in an attempt to understand the intellectual influences on current research and research trends.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a bibliometric study of cocitation and bibliographic coupling, supported by factor and network analysis. From a sample of 219 articles, the authors examined selected articles (60 for bibliographic coupling) and the references (32 for citation and cocitation).

Findings

The results indicate that Earley and Ang (2003) is the basis for the current research. The intellectual structure of CI was concerned with three themes: the Concept of CI; CI and the Cultural Context; and Operationalization of the CI Concept. This initial research has influenced current research in the Operationalization of the Concept of CI when investigating the effect of CI on cultural diversity and individual skills and abilities. Another front recognizes the relationship between CI and the cultural context, being oriented toward understanding the performance and leadership of individuals.

Originality/value

The authors identified a new research front related to the effect of CI on cultural diversity. It indicates promising new fronts considering culture in a multifaceted and multilevel perspective, and also the possibility of evaluating the construct's cognitive components in the original perspective of Earley and Ang (2003) with neuroscientific methods. From the analysis, the authors suggest that future research presents methodological challenges and the connection of the CI construct and the level of analysis, and the Latin American context, which are explored at the end of this paper.

Resumen

Propósito

Examinamos la investigación existente en inteligencia cultural (IC) para comprender las influencias intelectuales en la investigación actual y las tendencias de investigación.

Metodología

Se utilizó un estudio bibliométrico de cocitación y acoplamiento bibliográfico, apoyado en análisis factorial y de redes. De una muestra de 219 artículos, examinamos artículos seleccionados (60 por acoplamiento bibliográfico) y referencias (32 por citación y co-citación).

Resultados

Los resultados indican que Earley y Ang (2003) es la base de la presente investigación. La estructura intelectual de IC se ocupaba de tres temas: El Concepto de IC; IC y el Contexto Cultural; Operacionalización del Concepto IC. Esta investigación inicial ha influido en la investigación actual sobre la puesta en práctica del concepto de IC al investigar el efecto de la IC en la diversidad cultural y las habilidades y capacidades individuales. Otro frente reconoce la relación entre la IC y el contexto cultural, orientándose hacia la comprensión del desempeño y liderazgo de los individuos.

Originalidad

Identificamos un nuevo frente de investigación relacionado con el efecto de la IC en la diversidad cultural. Indica nuevas frentes prometedoras considerando la cultura en una perspectiva multifacética y multinivel, pero también la posibilidad de evaluar los componentes cognitivos del constructo en la perspectiva original de Earley y Ang (2003) con métodos neurocientíficos. A partir del análisis, sugerimos que futuras investigaciones presentan desafíos metodológicos y la conexión del constructo IC y el nivel de análisis y el contexto latinoamericano, que se exploran al final del artículo.

Resumo

Objetivo

Examinamos as pesquisas existentes em Inteligência Cultural (IC) parade entender as influências intelectuais na pesquisa atual e tendências de pesquisa.

Metodologia

Utilizamos um estudo bibliométrico de cocitação e pareamento bibliográfico, apoiado em análise fatorial e de rede. De uma amostra de 219 artigos, examinamos os artigos selecionados (60 por pareamento bibliográfico) e as referências (32 por citação e cocitação).

Resultados

Os resultados indicam que Earley e Ang (2003) é a base para a presente pesquisa. A estrutura intelectual da IC preocupou-se com três temas: O Conceito de IC; IC e o Contexto Cultural; Operacionalização do Conceito IC. Esta pesquisa inicial influenciou a pesquisa atual na Operacionalização do Conceito de IC ao investigar o efeito da IC na diversidade cultural e habilidades e habilidades individuais. Outra frente reconhece a relação da IC com o contexto cultural, sendo orientada para a compreensão do desempenho e liderança dos indivíduos.

Originalidade

Identificamos uma nova frente de pesquisa relacionada ao efeito da IC na diversidade cultural. Indica novas frentes promissoras considerando a cultura em uma perspectiva multifacetada e multinível, mas também a possibilidade de avaliar os componentes cognitivos do construto na perspectiva original de Earley e Ang (2003) com métodos neurocientíficos. A partir da análise, sugerimos que pesquisas futuras apresentam desafios metodológicos e a conexão do construto IC e o nível de análise e o contexto latino-americano, que são explorados ao final do artigo.

Details

Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, vol. 20 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1536-5433

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Article
Publication date: 27 January 2020

Marina Iskhakova and Dana L. Ott

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how working in culturally diverse teams influences team-level cultural intelligence (CQ) development and how team-level CQ influences…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how working in culturally diverse teams influences team-level cultural intelligence (CQ) development and how team-level CQ influences performance. The use of culturally diverse work teams continues to grow within organizations, however, their relationships with team-level CQ are not well understood. CQ is a set of knowledge, skills and abilities that assist in adapting to new and unfamiliar cultural environments and when interacting in culturally diverse situations. At the individual-level, CQ has been demonstrated to positively impact multicultural teams but team-level CQ has rarely been examined to understand how it is developed and whether it impacts team performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses a quantitative methodology and a longitudinal research design to test two sets of hypotheses. Set 1 of the hypothesis tested the development of team-level CQ after working in culturally diverse teams, and Set 2 tested the influence of team-level CQ on team performance.

Findings

Data from 23 teams (86 individual participants) support the hypothesis that working in culturally diverse teams develops team-level CQ. In addition, partial support for the hypotheses that team CQ will positively influence academic performance is demonstrated.

Research limitations/implications

The research contributes to the CQ literature by lifting the level of analysis from the individual to a team-level to consider team-level effects. The authors conclude that working in culturally diverse teams develops team-level CQ overtime. Once team-level CQ has been developed, the authors demonstrated a positive relationship between the motivational facet and team academic performance. Thus, when considering the influence of team-level CQ on performance, it is important to consider the relationship with each of the CQ facets. Few studies have considered how team-level CQ impacts team performance outcomes, and based on the results the authors would suggest additional research that continues to unpack the CQ construct into its constituent parts.

Practical implications

The results have important practical implications with respect to the development of team-level CQ. Based on the results, the authors support the use of highly culturally diverse teams in business schools for the development of skills because they provide the opportunity for team members to learn from each other. The use of CQ, CQ development and performance relationships provides important insights into how individuals, particularly students, can learn from each other when working in culturally diverse teams about other cultures and then bring this knowledge with them when working in academic teams.

Social implications

As an important practical social implication, an opportunity to work in cross-cultural teams during international business studies could be considered as an “equalizer” for students who cannot afford to study abroad given the time consuming and costs aspects. So, cross-cultural teamwork could be considered in a wider extent by different business schools worldwide. Additionally, cross-cultural teamwork exposes students to intense interactions with different races and cultures during their study period and makes graduates significantly more work-ready.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the CQ literature by lifting the level of analysis to consider team-level effects and has important implications for the development and outcomes of team-level CQ.

Details

Journal of International Education in Business, vol. 13 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2046-469X

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Book part
Publication date: 14 May 2003

Jonathan L Gifford

Abstract

Details

Flexible Urban Transportation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-08-050656-2

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Article
Publication date: 17 September 2019

Dana L. Ott and Marina Iskhakova

This paper aims to contribute to international business research by critically analyzing and evaluating the use of the “international experience” (IE) construct within the…

1177

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to international business research by critically analyzing and evaluating the use of the “international experience” (IE) construct within the specific context of developing cultural intelligence (CQ).

Design/methodology/approach

Based on 30 studies selected through a systematic literature review, the IE construct is critically analyzed and evaluated with respect to the terminology, definitions, conceptualizations and measurements used.

Findings

Findings indicate that the existing body of knowledge on the construct of IE is fragmented, uses inconsistent terminology, does not uniformly rely on any underlying conceptual frameworks and uses a variety of measures for investigating IE. Additionally, scholars have largely relied on quantitative measures of IE to explain the development of CQ, despite theoretical arguments specifying conditions and circumstances that must occur for learning and development to take place.

Research limitations/implications

To move forward with using the IE construct, the authors emphasize the critical need for scholars to pay greater attention to and explicate how they define, conceptualize and measure it. Based on the identified issues, recommendations to improve future research are provided.

Originality/value

Although IE is frequently assumed to influence the development of CQ, contrary to conventional wisdom and some theoretical arguments, research evidence has demonstrated that the impact of IE on CQ is suggestive rather than conclusive. To understand why this may be the case, the use of the IE construct within previous research is critically analyzed and evaluated.

Details

critical perspectives on international business, vol. 15 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-2043

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