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There is growing political interest in new forms of precarious self‐employment located in a “grey area” between employment and self‐employment. A wide range of concepts has been used to debate this issue, and this paper aims to clarify these debates through the concept of involuntary self‐employment.

The paper reviews the empirical, conceptual and legal‐policy approaches to involuntary self‐employment via three country case studies in Finland, Germany and the UK. A range of relevant domestic academic literature, articles in the media, selected key expert interviews, and policy and legal documents are employed.

Conceptual clarity regarding involuntary self‐employment is achieved through a discussion of two aspects of the phenomenon: the characteristics of involuntariness from a motives‐based perspective, and the legal/economic perspectives and policy issues. The motives‐based analysis argues that involuntariness as such does not seem to have severe implications on the individuals' well being, given that the individual earns a satisfactory livelihood from her or his business activities. The discussion of the characteristics of and regulation related to working arrangements in the “grey area” between employment and self‐employment, where the self‐employed individual is strongly dependent on the principal, shows that it is very difficult to regulate quasi self‐employment without harming “voluntary” forms of enterprise and inter‐firm cooperation at the same time.

The key contribution of the paper is to facilitate a foundation for subsequent empirical research and policy development.

This paper's aim is to develop a conceptual model to examine the influence of four antecedent factors (personal trust, institutional trust, perceived control and experience) on consumers' willingness to participate in permission‐based mobile marketing. The model is to be tested empirically across three European countries and gender.

Data are collected from surveys of consumers in Finland, Germany and the UK. The partial least squares (PLS) approach is utilised to test the model fit.

The main factor affecting the consumers' decision to participate in mobile marketing is institutional trust, which is a significant factor in all three countries and across gender. The influence of other antecedent factors are less pronounced. On the whole, it is found that the more experienced consumers become with mobile marketing, the less influence perceived control will have on permission. There are notable variations across gender, with perceived control being an important determinant of permission for men, while it is not so for women.

The results indicate the relative importance of four antecedents in the likelihood of consumers giving their permission to companies to send mobile marketing messages.

As institutional trust is the most important determinant of permission based mobile marketing, mobile marketers should focus on building a strong and positive media presence and image, and thereby influence consumers' likelihood of giving permission to mobile‐based marketing.

This is the first international empirical investigation of the different antecedents of permission‐based mobile marketing.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a three‐country comparison of personal and institutionally based trust as factors affecting consumers' willingness to participate in permission‐based mobile marketing.

A conceptual model of different dimensions of personal and institutionally based trust and their effect on the consumer's willingness to provide personal information and the permission to use it is tested with data from surveys of young consumers in Finland, Germany and the UK. The data were analysed by structural equation modelling (LISREL8.7).

The main factor affecting the consumers' decision to participate in mobile marketing is the company's media presence, which is a significant factor in all three countries.

While the results of this study establish the sources of trust that play a role in permission‐based mobile marketing, the study of trust in the context of mobile marketing would greatly benefit from research that addresses the process of how trust emerges and develops over time. As a company's presence in the media weighs more than the customer's own experiences or control, mobile marketers should focus on building a strong and positive media presence and image in order to gain consumers' permission for mobile marketing.

As a company's reputation conveyed by the media weighs more than the customer's own experiences, mobile marketers should focus on building a strong and positive media presence and image, and thereby gain consumers' trust.

The paper is the first international empirical investigation of the different antecedents of trust in the context of mobile marketing.

To introduce new venture support networks (NVSN) as a topical instrument in German entrepreneurship policy, and to discuss critically the problems in achieving cooperation between the member organizations in these networks.

Conceptual analysis with illustrative empirical examples derived from 17 semi‐structured interviews with actors involved in the German federal NVSN initiative “EXIST – Entrepreneurs from Universities”.

Identifies two major sources of obstacles to achieving cooperation in politically initiated NVSN: heterogeneous actor structure; and lack of culture as a network due to the “artificial” political origin of the network.

The paper only identifies problem areas and illustrates these with empirical examples. Further research is required so as to analyse how the problem areas could be improved.

Identified problem areas should be considered when planning (entrepreneurship) policy initiatives that include inter‐organizational cooperation.

Introduces and critically analyses a topical and so far little studied phenomenon of entrepreneurship policy.

New venture support networks (NVSN) are an instrument of enterprise policy with the aim of effectively coordinating the activities of different organisations involved in new venture support. This paper aims to illuminate the role of certain key actors in facilitating and maintaining cooperation in such networks, which are characterised by a heterogeneous actor structure and a lack of a network culture due to having been established by political initiative.

This paper discusses case studies in five German NVSN, which are all part of the governmental initiative “EXIST – Entrepreneurs from Universities”, established in 1998.

Identifies three general functions for key actors: generating benefits for the member organisations from without and within the network; communicating these benefits to the member organisations; and maintaining a balance between the heterogeneous interests of the network partners.

The study identifies the roles that key actors perform in the EXIST networks, but it does not show any causal relation as to the actual success of the key actors.

The results can be applied in planning and managing enterprise policy and other projects involving inter‐organisational cooperation with a heterogeneous range of actors.

This is the first examination of the role of key actors in the context of NVSN, which are themselves a recent phenomenon and a novel concept in academic literature.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of job satisfaction on the intended retirement age of self‐employed and organisationally‐employed white‐collar professionals. The analysis also examines potential boundary conditions imposed by other domains of life for the applicability of this relationship.

The study employs ordered probit regressions to analyse primary survey data comprising 1,262 Finnish white‐collar professionals.

The econometric results suggest that job satisfaction is a significant determinant of the intention to retire later and thus prolong a career. The analysis does not find a difference in the effect of job satisfaction between salary earners and self‐employed individuals. However, the analysis finds that other domains of life influence how job satisfaction affects retirement‐age intentions, and that these influences differ between self‐employed and salaried respondents.

The findings imply that developing measures to improve the job satisfaction of (highly educated) older workers is an alternative to the widely debated regulatory approach of prolonging working careers by increasing the statutory retirement age. The principal limitation is the focus on white‐collar professionals in a single country.

This is the first empirical comparison of the effect of job satisfaction on the intended retirement age between salary earners and self‐employed individuals. It is also the first examination of the effect of job satisfaction on retirement intentions or behaviour that accounts for the effects of other domains of life satisfaction.

The objective of this paper is to examine the potential for and barriers to older enterprise as well as the role and contribution of specific enterprise support policy, focusing in particular on socially disadvantaged older people.

The paper takes the form of a single case study of the Prince's Initiative for Mature Enterprise (PRIME) with multiple data sources, including a synthesis of current literature, PRIME self‐evaluation reports, interviews with PRIME personnel and results of a recent survey of 283 individuals who had contacted PRIME for enterprise advice and support.

The paper finds that, with respect to older enterprise support policy, the tentative results presented in this study seem encouraging in terms of a positive social and economic role for older enterprise support work. However, due to the limitations of the data, a number of questions need additional clarification in future research. Longitudinal research designs are required to investigate in more detail the additional social benefits generated by older enterprise support as well as concerns regarding deadweight and over‐investment.

The paper brings the experience of enterprise support practitioners into the debate about older entrepreneurship.

The purpose of this study is to provide a bibliometric analysis of the research on entrepreneurial intentions. A total of 1,393 papers published from the year 2000 to 2018 are analysed. The study attempts to identify the significant journals in this area, years with the maximum publication, most cited papers, important authors and most prolific countries and institutions. Then, the co-authorship network map, inter-country co-authorship network map and keyword co-occurrences network maps are provided.

The Scopus database was used for analysing the large data about various papers included in this study. Then, the VOSviewer software was used for creating a co-authorship network map, inter-country co-authorship network map and keywords co-occurrences network maps.

The results of this study indicate that in the year 2017, the maximum papers have been published, the most significant journal is International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business and the most cited paper is about competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, the most prominent author is Francisco Linan, and the most prolific country and institution are the USA and the University of Seville (Spain), respectively.

This study contributes to the existing literature on entrepreneurial intentions. A much comprehensive and reliable picture of this area is provided using the bibliometric techniques. The results can help in guiding the authors interested in conducting future research on this topic.

This paper aims to investigate the motivating and dissuading factors, which develop consumers’ attitude towards permission based marketing.

A conceptual model is proposed and validated by following the various studies on mobile and email marketing. A survey of 325 respondents was conducted in the Mumbai city, out of which 271 survey questionnaires were deemed fit for analysis, representing 83.38 per cent response rate. The researcher has used structural equation modelling to test the causal relationships among the constructs.

The results of the study indicate that increase in personal relevant messages, perceived monetary incentives and perceived entertainment increases consumers’ attitude towards permission based marketing, whereas increase in perceived registration effort decreases consumers’ attitude towards permission based marketing. Furthermore, contrary to the existing literature, perceived consumer empowerment, perceived intrusiveness and perceived privacy issues have no significant relationship with the attitude towards permission marketing. The findings are based on a particular region in India, so it may be different from previous studies.

The study uses a self-reported measure to collect the data through email, and a printed copy of the questionnaire was circulated. Also, the method of sample selection was not random. These two aspects could limit the generalizability of the results.

The research can assist the companies going for promotions through mobile and internet. It provides important findings, which can help them to formulate better promotional strategies.

Fewer research studies have been done to examine the motivating and dissuading factors developing consumers’ attitude towards permission based marketing, therefore, the present research is conducted. After intensely reviewing the available literature, the factors were carefully chosen.