Tayyab Ahmad, Murat Gunduz and Ahmad Madkoor
The study is about conducting a quantitative inquiry of the drivers that facilitate and barriers that hinder the adoption of Green Buildings (GBs) in Qatar. This will help pave…
Abstract
Purpose
The study is about conducting a quantitative inquiry of the drivers that facilitate and barriers that hinder the adoption of Green Buildings (GBs) in Qatar. This will help pave the ground for increased GB development in Qatar.
Design/methodology/approach
Using previously published studies, 21 barriers and 14 drivers related to GB development are identified. Based on the findings of a questionnaire survey involving 102 construction industry experts, the significance of GB drivers and barriers in the case of Qatar is determined. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis is conducted to determine the significance of relationships of drivers and barriers for GB adoption in Qatar. While conducting PLS-SEM analysis, drivers and barriers have been aggregated and subsequently analyzed across 4 and 5 constructs, respectively.
Findings
While all the driver constructs are interrelated, only drivers related to economic and cost benefits have a significant relationship with GB adoption. Also, in case of barriers, only the barriers related to fear of extra expense and additional work have a significant relationship with GB adoption.
Research limitations/implications
Based on the relationships of drivers and barriers identified, recommendations are provided for increased uptake of GBs in Qatar. The study findings will enable decision-makers to ease the process as well as initiate policymaking for increased GB adoption. Theoretically, the findings of this study will contribute to the growing knowledge of GB projects.
Originality/value
GB development is highly contextual in terms of the region of development. In-depth studies on GB drivers and barriers have been missing for Qatar and this gap is filled by this study.
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Tayyab Ahmad and Ajibade A. Aibinu
While the general trends in green building (GB) research are known, there is not yet a detailed review of studies on project delivery attributes (PDAs) influencing GB project…
Abstract
Purpose
While the general trends in green building (GB) research are known, there is not yet a detailed review of studies on project delivery attributes (PDAs) influencing GB project outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to understand the contributions of existing research in this area and to identify the challenges, gaps, and lessons for the future research relating GB project delivery.
Design/methodology/approach
For the systematic review, specially developed coding based on Boolean operators is used to search for relevant studies in major databases, i.e. Web of Science and Scopus. The studies from the initial search (443) are subjected to two rounds of scrutiny for shortlisting only relevant publications. Using a qualitative review of the shortlisted studies (20), the research objectives and findings of the studies are synthesized and critically analyzed. The contributions and challenges facing research in this area are identified. Future research directions are proposed.
Findings
Studies in the area have established association between PDAs and various GB project success criteria. In the literature, some PDAs such as project delivery method have been given greater attention than others. Challenges facing PDA research in GB include: the limited number of GB project cases and the complexity of GB project delivery process involving an overwhelmingly large number of variables, thereby limiting scientific rigor and creating some gaps in knowledge. The interaction among PDAs and their cumulative effect on various project performance outcomes/metrics have not been studied, limiting the validity of the existing studies. Scope exists to apply a combination of non-linear, dynamic, probabilistic, explicit, and implicit modeling as well as inductive and deductive approaches to research in this area.
Research limitations/implications
Existing research findings have limited application in practice. Non-linear, dynamic, probabilistic, deductive, and inductive research techniques and approaches can substantially advance knowledge and lead to plausible findings that can be applied in practice.
Originality/value
Considering the critical role of PDAs in the successful delivery of GBs, the review provides clear directions for future research.
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Abdul Wahab Hashmi, Harlal Singh Mali, Anoj Meena, Shadab Ahmad and Yebing Tian
Three-dimensional (3D) printed parts usually have poor surface quality due to layer manufacturing’s “stair casing/stair-stepping”. So post-processing is typically needed to…
Abstract
Purpose
Three-dimensional (3D) printed parts usually have poor surface quality due to layer manufacturing’s “stair casing/stair-stepping”. So post-processing is typically needed to enhance its capabilities to be used in closed tolerance applications. This study aims to examine abrasive flow finishing for 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts.
Design/methodology/approach
A new eco-friendly abrasive flow machining media (EFAFM) was developed, using paper pulp as a base material, waste vegetable oil as a liquid synthesizer and natural additives such as glycine to finish 3D printed parts. Characterization of the media was conducted through thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. PLA crescent prism parts were produced via fused deposition modelling (FDM) and finished using AFM, with experiments designed using central composite design (CCD). The impact of process parameters, including media viscosity, extrusion pressure, layer thickness and finishing time, on percentage improvement in surface roughness (%ΔRa) and material removal rate were analysed. Artificial neural network (ANN) and improved grey wolf optimizer (IGWO) were used for data modelling and optimization, respectively.
Findings
The abrasive media developed was effective for finishing FDM printed parts using AFM, with SEM images and 3D surface profile showing a significant improvement in surface topography. Optimal solutions were obtained using the ANN-IGWO approach. EFAFM was found to be a promising method for improving finishing quality on FDM 3D printed parts.
Research limitations/implications
The present study is focused on finishing FDM printed crescent prism parts using AFM. Future research may be done on more complex shapes and could explore the impact of different materials, such as thermoplastics and composites for different applications. Also, implication of other techniques, such as chemical vapour smoothing, mechanical polishing may be explored.
Practical implications
In the biomedical field, the use of 3D printing has revolutionized the way in which medical devices, implants and prosthetics are designed and manufactured. The biodegradable and biocompatible properties of PLA make it an ideal material for use in biomedical applications, such as the fabrication of surgical guides, dental models and tissue engineering scaffolds. The ability to finish PLA 3D printed parts using AFM can improve their biocompatibility, making them more suitable for use in the human body. The improved surface quality of 3D printed parts can also facilitate their sterilization, which is critical in the biomedical field.
Social implications
The use of eco-friendly abrasive flow finishing for 3D printed parts can have a positive impact on the environment by reducing waste and promoting sustainable manufacturing practices. Additionally, it can improve the quality and functionality of 3D printed products, leading to better performance and longer lifespans. This can have broader economic and societal benefits.
Originality/value
This AFM media constituents are paper pulp, waste vegetable oil, silicon carbide as abrasive and the mixture of “Aloe Barbadensis Mill” – “Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba” powder and glycine. This media was then used to finish 3D printed PLA crescent prism parts. The study also used an IGWO to optimize experimental data that had been modelled using an ANN.
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Ali Hashemi Baghi and Jasmin Mansour
Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is one of the growing technologies in additive manufacturing, that can be used in a number of applications. In this method, process parameters can…
Abstract
Purpose
Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is one of the growing technologies in additive manufacturing, that can be used in a number of applications. In this method, process parameters can be customized and their simultaneous variation has conflicting impacts on various properties of printed parts such as dimensional accuracy (DA) and surface finish. These properties could be improved by optimizing the values of these parameters.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, four process parameters, namely, print speed, build orientation, raster width, and layer height which are referred to as “input variables” were investigated. The conflicting influence of their simultaneous variations on the DA of printed parts was investigated and predicated. To achieve this goal, a hybrid Genetic Algorithm – Artificial Neural Network (GA-ANN) model, was developed in C#.net, and three geometries, namely, U-shape, cube and cylinder were selected. To investigate the DA of printed parts, samples were printed with a central through hole. Design of Experiments (DoE), specifically the Rotational Central Composite Design method was adopted to establish the number of parts to be printed (30 for each selected geometry) and also the value of each input process parameter. The dimensions of printed parts were accurately measured by a shadowgraph and were used as an input data set for the training phase of the developed ANN to predict the behavior of process parameters. Then the predicted values were used as input to the Desirability Function tool which resulted in a mathematical model that optimizes the input process variables for selected geometries. The mean square error of 0.0528 was achieved, which is indicative of the accuracy of the developed model.
Findings
The results showed that print speed is the most dominant input variable compared to others, and by increasing its value, considerable variations resulted in DA. The inaccuracy increased, especially with parts of circular cross section. In addition, if there is no need to print parts in vertical position, the build orientation should be set at 0° to achieve the highest DA. Finally, optimized values of raster width and layer height improved the DA especially when the print speed was set at a high value.
Originality/value
By using ANN, it is possible to investigate the impact of simultaneous variations of FFF machines’ input process parameters on the DA of printed parts. By their optimization, parts of highly accurate dimensions could be printed. These findings will be of significant value to those industries that need to produce parts of high DA on FFF machines.
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Vidyut Raghu Viswanath, Shivashankar Hiremath and Dundesh S. Chiniwar
The purpose of this study, most recent advancements in threedimensional (3D) printing have focused on the fabrication of components. It is typical to use different print settings…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study, most recent advancements in threedimensional (3D) printing have focused on the fabrication of components. It is typical to use different print settings, such as raster angle, infill and orientation to improve the 3D component qualities while fabricating the sample using a 3D printer. However, the influence of these factors on the characteristics of the 3D parts has not been well explored. Owing to the effect of the different print parameters in fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology, it is necessary to evaluate the strength of the parts manufactured using 3D printing technology.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the effect of three print parameters − raster angle, build orientation and infill − on the tensile characteristics of 3D-printed components made of three distinct materials − acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), polycarbonate ABS (PC-ABS) and ULTEM-9085 − was investigated. A variety of test items were created using a commercially accessible 3D printer in various configurations, including raster angle (0°, 45°), (0°, 90°), (45°, −45°), (45°, 90°), infill density (solid, sparse, sparse double dense) and orientation (flat, on-edge).
Findings
The outcome shows that variations in tensile strength and force are brought on by the effects of various printing conditions. In all possible combinations of the print settings, ULTEM 9085 material has a higher tensile strength than ASA and PC-ABS materials. ULTEM 9085 material’s on-edge orientation, sparse infill, and raster angle of (0°, −45°) resulted in the greatest overall tensile strength of 73.72 MPa. The highest load-bearing strength of ULTEM material was attained with the same procedure, measuring at 2,932 N. The tensile strength of the materials is higher in the on-edge orientation than in the flat orientation. The tensile strength of all three materials is highest for solid infill with a flat orientation and a raster angle of (45°, −45°). All three materials show higher tensile strength with a raster angle of (45°, −45°) compared to other angles. The sparse double-dense material promotes stronger tensile properties than sparse infill. Thus, the strength of additive components is influenced by the combination of selected print parameters. As a result, these factors interact with one another to produce a high-quality product.
Originality/value
The outcomes of this study can serve as a reference point for researchers, manufacturers and users of 3D-printed polymer material (PC-ABS, ASA, ULTEM 9085) components seeking to optimize FDM printing parameters for tensile strength and/or identify materials suitable for intended tensile characteristics.
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Md. Jahir Uddin, Md. Nymur Rahman Niloy, Md. Nazmul Haque and Md. Atik Fayshal
This study aims to determine shoreline change statistics and net erosion and accretion, along the Kuakata Coast, a magnificent sea beach on Bangladesh’s southernmost point.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to determine shoreline change statistics and net erosion and accretion, along the Kuakata Coast, a magnificent sea beach on Bangladesh’s southernmost point.
Design/methodology/approach
The research follows a three stages way to achieve the target. First, this study has used the geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) to detect the temporal observation of shoreline change from the year 1991 to 2021 through satellite data. Then, the digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) has also been explored. What is more, a prediction has been done for 2041 on shoreline shifting scenario. The shoreline displacement measurement was primarily separated into three analytical zones. Several statistical parameters, including Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) were calculated in the DSAS to quantify the rates of coastline movement with regard to erosion and deposition.
Findings
EPR and LRR techniques revealed that the coastline is undergoing a shift of landward (erosion) by a median rate of 3.15 m/yr and 3.17 m/yr, respectively, from 1991 to 2021, 2.85 km2 of land was lost. Naval and climatic influences are the key reasons for this variation. This study identifies the locations of a significantly eroded zone in Kuakata from 1991 to 2021. It highlights the places that require special consideration while creating a zoning plan or other structural design.
Originality/value
This research demonstrates the spatio-temporal pattern of the shoreline location of the Kuakata beach, which would be advantageous for the region’s shore management and planning due to the impacts on the fishing industry, recreation and resource extraction. Moreover, the present research will be supportive of shoreline vulnerability. Hence, this study will suggest to the local coastal managers and decision-makers for particularizing the coastal management plans in Kuakata coast zone.
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Muhammad Asim Faheem, Shabir Ahmad and Hafsa Tayyab
Amidst the stressful work environment in the healthcare sector, employees struggle to maintain prosocial behavior and work reattachment. The potential role of awe and mindfulness…
Abstract
Purpose
Amidst the stressful work environment in the healthcare sector, employees struggle to maintain prosocial behavior and work reattachment. The potential role of awe and mindfulness in addressing these issues remains unexplored. This study investigates how coworker prosocial behavior affects work reattachment while considering the mediating role of mindfulness and the moderating role of awe.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a quantitative research design, data were collected through a survey questionnaire from 356 healthcare professionals in Pakistan. The data were analyzed in SPSS and AMOS for reliability and validity statistics, as well as for hypothesis testing.
Findings
The findings revealed a significant link between coworker prosocial behavior and work reattachment. Mindfulness acted as a mediator between coworker prosocial behavior and work reattachment, while awe had a positive moderating effect on these relationships.
Practical implications
The findings emphasize the need for fostering these elements to manage stress, support employees and improve work reattachment.
Originality/value
The existing literature lacks empirical evidence regarding the impact of coworker prosocial behavior on employee outcomes, and this study contributes by examining the roles of awe and mindfulness in the healthcare sector.
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Shakeela Asif, Soulat Khan, Tayyab Ali Butt, Anisa Mehmood, Aimen Zulfiqar and Tahira Mubashar
This study aims to probe the relationship of facial disfigurement, stigmatization, burdensome, hopelessness and suicidal ideation in acid attack survivors and to scrutinize the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to probe the relationship of facial disfigurement, stigmatization, burdensome, hopelessness and suicidal ideation in acid attack survivors and to scrutinize the mediating role of perceived burdensome and hopelessness in connection between facial disfigurement, social stigmatization and suicidal ideation among acid attack survivors.
Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from Holy Family Hospital which is located in Rawalpindi, Pakistan, Acid Survivors Foundation and social media sites. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect the sample. Sample comprised of N = 74 acid attack survivors. English version of discrimination and stigma scale, interpersonal needs questionnaire perceived burdensome scale, suicidal ideation attributes scale, Beck hopelessness scale and observer-rated facial disfigurement scale were used for the assessment. Statistical analysis includes correlation and mediation analysis through process macro.
Findings
Results indicated significant positive relationship between facial disfigurements, unfair treatment, stopping self and perceived burdensome with suicidal ideation, whereas overcoming stigma, hopelessness and positive treatment present a negative relationship with suicidal ideation. Results of the current study also showed that burdensome and hopelessness appear as significant mediator in association between facial disfigurement, social discrimination and suicidal ideation. This study provides the awareness about how by decreasing the hopelessness and perceived burdensome and resolving social stigmatization can minimize suicidal ideation and risks accompanying it.
Originality/value
This research covers a topic that violates human rights, it is a topic that never gets old and people are still facing its effects.
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An estimated 52% of Pakistan’s population is under the age of 25, and like their counterparts elsewhere around the globe, Generation Z in Pakistan was born into a world overrun…
Abstract
An estimated 52% of Pakistan’s population is under the age of 25, and like their counterparts elsewhere around the globe, Generation Z in Pakistan was born into a world overrun with technology, Internet, and social media. This generation of consumers possess information processing ability that is much faster than any other generation. Generation Z consumers in Pakistan are active users of social media platforms connecting with local and international users, brands and exchanging information, photos, videos, ideas, and opinions with people inside and outside Pakistan. To develop insights into the consumption patterns, preferences, attitudes, and preferences of this segment of consumers, this chapter provides an overview of cultural and social values underpinning consumption choices and social media preferences. The chapter identifies and discusses the dynamic nature of Generation Z in Pakistan by identifying some of its defining features: the generation consists of confident, able, and multilingual consumers who are largely collectivists in orientation but shows strong individualistic tendencies. Such consumers have a global outlook and actively seek engagement with brands via digital platforms and influencer marketers expecting authenticity, respect, and equality. The chapter discusses work-related implications such as the need for providing transformational leadership and training programs to harness the intellectual skills of Generation Z in Pakistan. The chapter concludes by identifying and discussing issues relevant to handling Generation consumers in Pakistan including effective marketing strategies.
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Muhammad Usman and Asmak Ab Rahman
This paper aims to study waqf practice in Pakistan with regard to its utilisation in funding for higher educational institutions (HEIs) and investigates waqf raising, waqf…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study waqf practice in Pakistan with regard to its utilisation in funding for higher educational institutions (HEIs) and investigates waqf raising, waqf management and waqf income utilisation.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on the views of 11 participants who are actively involved in the waqf, its raising, management and income utilisation, and is divided into three subcategories: personnel of higher educational waqf institution, personnel of waqf regulatory bodies and Shari’ah and legal experts as well as archival records, documents and library sources.
Findings
In Pakistan, both public and private awqaf are existing, but the role of private awqaf is greater in higher education funding. However, due to lack of legal supervision private awqaf is considered as a part of the not-for-profit sector and legitimately registered as a society, foundation, trust or a private limited company. Waqf in Pakistan is more focusing on internal financial sources and waqf income. In terms of waqf management, they have firm guidelines for investing in real estate, the Islamic financial sector and various halal businesses. Waqf uses the income for developmental and operational expenditure, and supports academic activities for students and staff. Waqfs are also supporting some other HEIs and research agencies. Thus, it can be revealed that a waqf can cater a sufficient amount for funding higher educational institutions.
Research limitations/implications
In Pakistan, both public and private awqaf are equally serving society in different sectors, but the role of private awqaf is much greater in funding higher education. Nevertheless, the government treats private awqaf as a part of not-for-profit sector in the absence of a specific legal framework and registers such organisations as society, foundation, trust or private limited company. The waqf in Pakistan mostly relies on internal financial resources and income from waqf assets. As the waqf managers have over the time evolved firm guidelines for investment in real estate, Islamic financial sector and various other halal businesses, and utilisation of waqf income on developmental and operational expenditures, academic activities of students and educational staff, other HEIs and research agencies, it can be proved that the waqf can potentially generate sufficient amount for funding HEIs.
Practical implications
The study presents the waqf as a social finance institution and the best alternative fiscal instrument for funding works of public good, including higher education, with the help of three selected waqf cases. Hence, the paper’s findings offer some generalisations, both for the ummah at large and Pakistan.
Social implications
The paper makes several policy recommendations for policymakers, legislators and academicians, especially the government. As an Islamic social finance institution, the waqf can help finance higher education anywhere around the world in view of the fact that most countries grapple with huge fiscal deficits and are hence financially constrained to meet growing needs of HEIs.
Originality/value
The study confirms that the waqf can be an alternative source for funding higher education institutions whether it is managed by the government or is privately controlled.