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Article
Publication date: 1 December 1995

Roger Ng, C.K. Chan, T.Y. Pong and Raymond Au

Pattern design is a transformation process from the design sketch to the final production pattern. In order to computerize such a process, a mathematical model is indispensable…

213

Abstract

Pattern design is a transformation process from the design sketch to the final production pattern. In order to computerize such a process, a mathematical model is indispensable. When a garment is decomposed into components of pattern pieces, this decomposition process can be modelled by using semi‐group. Presents the construction of this semi‐group structure, which is called the abelian pattern semi‐group, and the associated lattice structure with proofs and examples. Illustrates the interpretation and application of this algebraic model with the optimal control problem of the production line.

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International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 7 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 1995

Thong‐Hwee Koh, Eng‐Wah Lee and Yong‐Tsui Lee

Apparel pattern making is an age‐old occupation which is full of heuristics and unwritten rules. These rules have yet to be comprehensively studied for possible incorporation into…

644

Abstract

Apparel pattern making is an age‐old occupation which is full of heuristics and unwritten rules. These rules have yet to be comprehensively studied for possible incorporation into apparel CAD systems. At present, most of these systems have drafting subsystems that address only a portion of this process. Explores pattern making in detail. Seeks to identify the motivations behind all its procedures and operations. A knowledge of such motivations provides a better understanding of the whole process. This knowledge can subsequently be used to design better computer‐aided pattern‐making systems.

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International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 7 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

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Article
Publication date: 20 November 2017

Cédric Poretti, Alain Schatt and Liesbeth Bruynseels

We examine whether the percentage of independent members sitting on the audit committee, in different institutional settings, impacts the market reaction (measured by the abnormal…

217

Abstract

We examine whether the percentage of independent members sitting on the audit committee, in different institutional settings, impacts the market reaction (measured by the abnormal stock returns variance and the abnormal trading volume) to earnings announcements. For our sample composed of more than 7'600 earnings announcements made by European firms from 15 countries between 2006 and 2014, we find that the market reactions to earnings announcements are significantly larger when the audit committee is more independent in countries with weak institutional setting. Our results generally hold after controlling for numerous methodological issues. We conclude that more independent audit committees are substitutes for weak institutions to increase the credibility of earnings announcements. Our results should be of great interest for European regulators who recently introduced new requirements for public firms regarding audit committees’ independence.

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Journal of Accounting Literature, vol. 40 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0737-4607

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Article
Publication date: 4 February 2021

Lei Wang, Philip Pong Weng Wong and Qi Zhang

Prior tourism literature neglected the negative motivational or attitudinal elements influencing individuals’ travel destination decisions. This study aims to examine the…

3074

Abstract

Purpose

Prior tourism literature neglected the negative motivational or attitudinal elements influencing individuals’ travel destination decisions. This study aims to examine the relationships between animosity, ethnocentrism, attitude, subjective norm (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), destination overall image (DOI) and destination visit intention (DVI).

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative approach was used using a survey methodology involving 402 student responses. The proposed hypotheses were empirically tested with SPSS and AMOS.

Findings

The results demonstrated that animosity and ethnocentrism negatively influenced DOI and DVI. A positive relationship was reported between attitude, DOI and DVI. Additionally, SN and PBC positively influenced DVI. Ethnocentrism, PBC and DOI were also identified with statistically significant differences through gender. Meanwhile, statistically significant differences in attitude, PBC, DOI and DVI were evident between postgraduate students and the counterparts.

Originality/value

This study extends the existing knowledge on how animosity and ethnocentrism influenced DOI and DVI in tourism literature and benefitted Western tourism and key stakeholders in tourism.

目的

以往的旅游文献忽视了影响个人旅游目的地决策的负面动机或态度因素。本研究考察了敌意、民族中心主义、态度、主观规范(SN)、感知行为控制(PBC)、目的地总体形象(DOI)和目的地访问意向(DVI)之间的关系。

设计/方法/方式

本文采用定量方法之中的调查问卷方法, 涉及402名学生的答复。用SPSS和MOS对提议的假设进行了经验测试。

发现

结果表明, 敌意和民族中心主义对多利和DVI产生了负面影响。态度、DOI和DVI之间有积极的关系。此外, SN 和 PBC 对 DVI 产生了积极影响。民族中心主义、PBC 和 DOI 也被确定为通过性别在统计学上显著差异。同时, 研究生与配对物的态度、PBC、DOI、DVI在态度上存在明显差异。

原创性/价值

本研究扩展了关于敌意和民族中心主义如何影响旅游文献中和DVI的现有知识, 并有利于西方旅游业和旅游业主的发展。

Elección de Destino de los Viajeros entre Estudiantes Universitarios en China en medio de COVID-19: Ampliar la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado

Propósito

La literatura turística anterior descuidó los elementos motivacionales o actitudinales negativos que influyen en las decisiones de destino de viaje de las personas. Este estudio examinó las relaciones entre la animosidad, el etnocentrismo, la actitud, la norma subjetiva (SN), el control de comportamiento percibido (PBC), la imagen general de destino (DOI) y la intención de visita de destino (DVI).

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Se empleó un enfoque cuantitativo utilizando una metodología de encuesta que implicaba 402 respuestas de los estudiantes. Las hipótesis propuestas se probaron empíricamente con SPSS y AMOS.

Resultados

Los resultados demostraron que la animosidad y el etnocentrismo influyeron negativamente en doi y DVI. Se informó de una relación positiva entre la actitud, doi y DVI. Además, SN y PBC influyeron positivamente en el DVI. El etnocentrismo, el PBC y el DOI también se identificaron con diferencias estadísticamente significativas a través del género. Mientras tanto, las diferencias estadísticamente significativas de actitud, PBC, DOI y DVI eran evidentes entre los estudiantes de posgrado y las contrapartes.

Originalidad/valor

Este estudio amplía los conocimientos existentes sobre cómo la animosidad y el etnocentrismo influyeron en el DOI y la DVI en la literatura turística y beneficiaron al turismo occidental y a las principales partes interesadas en el turismo.

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Article
Publication date: 9 May 2016

Lydia Kuranchie-Pong, Godfred Alufa Bokpin and Charles Andoh

This paper aims to empirically examine the relationship between disclosure and risk-taking of banks in Ghana. The study also aims to gain an insight into the general risk-taking…

886

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to empirically examine the relationship between disclosure and risk-taking of banks in Ghana. The study also aims to gain an insight into the general risk-taking behaviour of banks in Ghana for the period 2007-2011.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used panel regression model and relate risk-taking to disclosure, controlling for bank size, profitability, liquidity and treasury bill rate. Disclosure scores from a disclosure index are used as a measure of disclosure, likewise Z-score as a measure of total risk. Also, the ratio of provisions for loan losses to gross loans by each bank for each year was used to examine the general risk-taking behaviour of Ghanaian banks.

Findings

The study revealed that the election year and the immediate subsequent year are characterized by an increase in non-performing loans. Greater disclosure is associated with more risk-taking and vice versa. This implies that market discipline is not effective in Ghana. Treasury bill rate, profitability and liquidity were found to be economically meaningful and statistically significant in influencing risk-taking of banks in Ghana.

Originality/value

As there are relatively few studies conducted in this area, specifically among banks in Ghana, this study will broaden the scope of the literature on disclosure and risk-taking by providing empirical evidence.

Details

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, vol. 24 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1358-1988

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Article
Publication date: 26 May 2022

Shailesh Rastogi and Jagjeevan Kanoujiya

The purpose of the study is to explore the association of disclosures for the performance of banks in India.

241

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to explore the association of disclosures for the performance of banks in India.

Design/methodology/approach

Panel data analysis (utilising static and dynamic models) is applied on the data of 34 Indian banks (for time-frame 2015–2019) to explore the association of disclosures (as transparency and disclosure index) with the performance of banks (as profitability, risk-taking and technical efficiency (TE)). The regulation, competition and ownership concentration variables are taken as control variables.

Findings

None of the banks' performance measures applied in the study is significantly associated with the disclosures. This situation implies that disclosures do not impact the performance of the banks in India. The reason is that disclosures and performance are two different activities that aim at different purposes.

Research limitations/implications

This study does not provide output for the association between disclosures and the value of the banks and confines itself to explore the association between disclosures and performance of the banks only. This limitation can be the future scope of the study.

Originality/value

There is no other study that solely focuses on exploring the association of disclosures with the performance of the banks. Disclosure has more significant importance in banks because of the inherent nature of opaqueness in banking operations. Therefore, the current study's findings have substantial implications for policymakers, managers and investors of the banks.

Details

International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 72 no. 9
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-0401

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Article
Publication date: 31 May 2005

Yanna Vogiazou and Marc Eisenstadt

This paper discusses an exploratory case study of the design of games that facilitate spontaneous social interaction and group behaviours among distributed individuals, based…

253

Abstract

This paper discusses an exploratory case study of the design of games that facilitate spontaneous social interaction and group behaviours among distributed individuals, based largely on symbolic presence ‘state’ changes. We present the principles guiding the design of our game environment: presence as a symbolic phenomenon, the importance of good visualization and the potential for spontaneous self‐organization among groups of people. Our game environment, comprising a family of multiplayer ‘bumper‐car’ style games, is described, followed by a discussion of lessons learned from observing users of the environment. Finally, we reconsider and extend our design principles in light of our observations.

Details

Interactive Technology and Smart Education, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1741-5659

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Article
Publication date: 27 June 2023

Oumayma Gharbi, Yousra Trichilli and Mouna Boujelbéne

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamic volatility spillovers between the investor's behavioral biases, the macroeconomic instability factors and the value at…

321

Abstract

Purpose

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the dynamic volatility spillovers between the investor's behavioral biases, the macroeconomic instability factors and the value at risk of the US Fintech stock market before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used the methodologies proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) and the wavelet approach.

Findings

The wavelet coherence results show that during the COVID-19 period, there was a strong co-movement among value at risk and each selected variables in the medium-run and the long-run scales. Diebold and Yilmaz's (2012) method proved that the total connectedness index raised significantly during the COVID-19 period. Moreover, the overconfidence bias and the financial stress index are the net transmitters, while the value at risk and herding behavior variables are the net receivers.

Research limitations/implications

This study offers some important implications for investors and policymakers to explain the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the risk of Fintech industry.

Practical implications

The study findings might be useful for investors to better understand the time–frequency connectedness and the volatility spillover effects in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Future research may deal with investors' ability of constructing portfolios with another alternative index like cryptocurrencies which seems to be a safer investment.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study that relies on the continuous wavelet decomposition technique and spillover volatility to examine the connectedness between investor behavioral biases, uncertainty factors, and Value at Risk of US Fintech stock markets, while taking into account the recent COVID-19 pandemic.

Details

China Finance Review International, vol. 13 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-1398

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Article
Publication date: 1 May 2005

Hung‐Chang Hsiao, Chung‐Ta King and Shih‐Yen Gao

Resource discovery in peer‐to‐peer (P2P) systems have been extensively studied. Unfortunately, most of the systems studied are not designed to take advantage of the heterogeneity…

109

Abstract

Resource discovery in peer‐to‐peer (P2P) systems have been extensively studied. Unfortunately, most of the systems studied are not designed to take advantage of the heterogeneity in peer nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel P2P overlay called RATTAN, which serves as an underlay of a Gnutella‐like network. RATTAN exploits the heterogeneity of peer nodes by structuring capable nodes as the core of the overlay. Using a tree‐like structure, RATTAN can maximize the search scope with a minimal number of query messages. We evaluate RATTAN with simulation. The experiments show the following interesting results. First, RATTAN is robust by exploiting redundant overlay links. Second, the maximum bandwidth demand for processing the protocol of a single RATTAN overlay is nearly 1M bits/sec. However, around 80% of the nodes merely take 66 bits/sec. One implication is that we can use a small number of relatively capable peers (e.g., stable machines with a 100M bits/sec network interface) to process the 1M bits/sec protocol overhead and serve other peers that only need to spend 66 bits/sec for processing protocol overhead.

Details

International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 1 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-7371

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Article
Publication date: 30 October 2023

Yaoyao Tuo, Junyang Li and Yankui Song

This paper aims to design an event-triggered adaptive prescribed performance controller for flexible manipulators, with the primary objectives of achieving output performance…

184

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to design an event-triggered adaptive prescribed performance controller for flexible manipulators, with the primary objectives of achieving output performance constraints and addressing communication resource limitations.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors propose a novel prescribed performance barrier Lyapunov function (PP-BLF) that considers both output and tracking performance constraints. The PP-BLF ensures that the system's output, transient behavior and steady-state performance, adhere to prescribed constraints. The boundary of the PP-BLF is established by an exponential function that decays over time. Notably, the PP-BLF can be applied seamlessly in unconstrained cases without necessitating controller redesign. Moreover, the controller design incorporates an event-triggered mechanism, effectively reducing the frequency of controller updates and optimizing the utilization of communication resources. Additionally, the authors employ adaptive techniques to estimate the system's unknown parameters and approximate unknown nonlinear functions using radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN). To address the challenge of “complexity explosion”, dynamic surface technology is employed.

Findings

Numerical simulations are conducted under five different cases to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The results demonstrate that the controller successfully constrains the output tracking error within the prescribed performance boundary. Moreover, compared with the traditional time-triggered mechanism, the event-triggered mechanism significantly reduces the controller's update frequency, resolving the problem of limited communication resources.

Originality/value

The paper reduces the update frequency of control signals and improves resource utilization through an event-triggered mechanism in the form of relative thresholds. The authors recognize that the event-triggered mechanism may impact the output performance of the system. To address this challenge, the authors propose a prescribed performance Barrier Lyapunov Function (PP-BLF). The PP-BLF is designed to effectively constrain the output performance of the system, ensuring satisfactory control even when the control signal updates are reduced.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 40 no. 9/10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

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