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Book part
Publication date: 6 December 2024

Taehee Choi, Nakano Chiaki and Zhou Zucheng

This study investigates business ethics (BE) practices in three East-Asian countries (China, Japan, and South Korea) through a questionnaire survey conducted in the years of 2014…

Abstract

This study investigates business ethics (BE) practices in three East-Asian countries (China, Japan, and South Korea) through a questionnaire survey conducted in the years of 2014 and 2015. Specifically, ethical attitudes of employees working in major native companies in each mentioned country are studied. In detail, the study examines (1) respondents’ responsibility felt toward various stakeholder groups, (2) the existence of unethical practices in respondents’ industries, (3) respondents’ experience of ethical conflicts, (4) factors influencing ethical and unethical decisions, (5) respondents reactions to hypothetical situations involving ethical dilemmas, (6) institutionalization of BE in respondents’ companies, and (7) the change of ethical standards compared with ten years ago. We find that a number of similarities as well as differences exist regarding BE practices in the three countries, which can be partially attributed to different political, economic, and socio-cultural backgrounds. It can also be observed that in a number of cases, Chinese practices differ from those that are similar for Japan and Korea. This can be explained by the ongoing transition of Chinese economic system toward market economy and the fact that, compared with Japan and Korea, China is less economically developed, and the local business environment, including BE management, is less mature. This study significantly contributes to the existing literature on BE and has practical implications for any agents interested in ethical aspects on business environment in the investigated countries.

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Responsible Firms: CSR, ESG, and Global Sustainability
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-963-5

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Book part
Publication date: 31 December 2010

Yukiko Takeuchi and Rajib Shaw

Japan is an island arc that sits in the monsoon region, and is under the influence of warm and moist air masses in summer and cool air masses in winter. The moisture that is taken…

Abstract

Japan is an island arc that sits in the monsoon region, and is under the influence of warm and moist air masses in summer and cool air masses in winter. The moisture that is taken in the lower leaves of the air masses over the sea is poured on the country by typhoons in summer, by snowfall in winter, by the “Bai-u Front” (in Japanese) in June and July, and by depressions and fronts in all seasons. Owing to Japan's slender shape and complicated landform, aerial differences in climate are great. Japan is located on the eastern edge of the monsoonal region of Asia, and its climate varies according to seasonal and regional conditions. Typically, heavy rains occur in various parts of the country, both during the rainy season in June and July and during the typhoon season from August to October. This precipitation is predominantly in the form of locally specific temporary downpours. In winter, the northern part of the country usually receives heavy snowfall that causes prolonged floods in spring from the melting of snow. The average amount of precipitation is 1,800mm (70 inches) a year. This is two or three times the amount received in other areas of the same latitude. In the southern Pacific coast areas, rainfall amounts to 4,000mm (160 inches). Precipitation in Tokyo is twice as much as other large cities in western countries. Some 50–60% of the annual precipitation in the Pacific coast of Japan is concentrated from June to October. Artificial changes in natural environments are rapid and large, accompanying the great increase in economic activity and exploitation (Nakano, Kadomura, Mizutani, Okuda, & Sekiguchi, 1974). Although the country's 10% of land area is flood prone, about 50% of the population lives in floodplains and almost 75% of the property is concentrated in the floodplains (JWF, 2006).

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Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: An Asian Perspective
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-85724-485-7

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Article
Publication date: 31 December 2006

Frank Chiang, Robin Braun and John Hughes

This paper describes the design of a scalable bio‐mimetic framework that addresses several key issues of autonomous agents in the functional management domain of complex…

223

Abstract

This paper describes the design of a scalable bio‐mimetic framework that addresses several key issues of autonomous agents in the functional management domain of complex Ubiquitous Service‐Oriented Networks.We propose an autonomous network service management platform ‐ SwarmingNet, which is motivated by observations of the swarm intelligence in biological systems (e.g., Termite, Ant/Bees colonies, or Locusts ). In this SwarmingNet architecture, the required network service processes are implemented by a group of highly diverse and autonomic objects. These objects are called TeleService Solons (TSSs) as elements of TeleService Holons (TSHs), analoguous to individual insects as members of the whole colony. A single TSS is only able to pursue simple behaviors and interactions with local neighbors, on the contrary, a group of TSSs have the capabilities of fulfilling the complex tasks relating to service discovery and service activation.We simulate a service configuration process for a Multimedia Messaging Service, and a performance comparison between the bio‐agents and normal agents is analyzed. Finally, we conclude that through bio‐swarming intelligence behaviors, this infrastructure develops the enhanced self‐X capabilities which give IP networks advantages of instinctive compatibility, efficiency and scalability.

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International Journal of Pervasive Computing and Communications, vol. 2 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-7371

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Article
Publication date: 3 October 2016

Verity Chester and Peter E. Langdon

Social deficits are central within conceptualisations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and separately linked to offending behaviour. Social problem-solving interventions are…

397

Abstract

Purpose

Social deficits are central within conceptualisations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and separately linked to offending behaviour. Social problem-solving interventions are often used with offenders, but little research has examined the social information processing (SIP) skills of individuals with ASD and a history of criminal offending behaviours. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper will introduce the SIP model, review SIP research as applied to those with ASD and in forensic populations, and further consider the relevance to the assessment and treatment of offenders with ASD.

Findings

Difficulties in all areas of the SIP model are noted in ASD and research suggests these difficulties may be directly linked to behaviour.

Practical implications

It is possible that identifying SIP abilities and deficits could improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes for this group.

Originality/value

This paper reviews the utility of social information models in the offending behaviour of people with ASD.

Details

Advances in Autism, vol. 2 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2056-3868

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Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 3 December 2019

Wei Xue, Rencheng Zheng, Bo Yang, Zheng Wang, Tsutomu Kaizuka and Kimihiko Nakano

Automated driving systems (ADSs) are being developed to avoid human error and improve driving safety. However, limited focus has been given to the fallback behavior of automated…

1803

Abstract

Purpose

Automated driving systems (ADSs) are being developed to avoid human error and improve driving safety. However, limited focus has been given to the fallback behavior of automated vehicles, which act as a fail-safe mechanism to deal with safety issues resulting from sensor failure. Therefore, this study aims to establish a fallback control approach aimed at driving an automated vehicle to a safe parking lane under perceptive sensor malfunction.

Design/methodology/approach

Owing to an undetected area resulting from a front sensor malfunction, the proposed ADS first creates virtual vehicles to replace existing vehicles in the undetected area. Afterward, the virtual vehicles are assumed to perform the most hazardous driving behavior toward the host vehicle; an adaptive model predictive control algorithm is then presented to optimize the control task during the fallback procedure, avoiding potential collisions with surrounding vehicles. This fallback approach was tested in typical cases related to car-following and lane changes.

Findings

It is confirmed that the host vehicle avoid collision with the surrounding vehicles during the fallback procedure, revealing that the proposed method is effective for the test scenarios.

Originality/value

This study presents a model for the path-planning problem regarding an automated vehicle under perceptive sensor failure, and it proposes an original path-planning approach based on virtual vehicle scheme to improve the safety of an automated vehicle during a fallback procedure. This proposal gives a different view on the fallback safety problem from the normal strategy, in which the mode is switched to manual if a driver is available or the vehicle is instantly stopped.

Details

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles, vol. 2 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2399-9802

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Article
Publication date: 19 October 2023

Anuj Kumar and Mukul Shukla

Understanding and tailoring the solidification characteristics and microstructure evolution in as-built parts fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is crucial as they…

245

Abstract

Purpose

Understanding and tailoring the solidification characteristics and microstructure evolution in as-built parts fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is crucial as they influence the final properties. Experimental approaches to address this issue are time and capital-intensive. This study aims to develop an efficient numerical modeling approach to develop the process–structure (P-S) linkage for LPBF-processed Inconel 718.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, a numerical approach based on the finite element method and cellular automata was used to model the multilayer, multitrack LPBF build for predicting the solidification characteristics (thermal gradient G and solidification rate R) and the average grain size. Validations from published experimental studies were also carried out to ensure the reliability of the proposed numerical approach. Furthermore, microstructure simulations were used to develop P-S linkage by evaluating the effects of key LPBF process parameters on G × R, G/R and average grain size. A solidification or G-R map was also developed to comprehend the P-S linkage.

Findings

It was concluded from the developed G-R map that low laser power and high scan speed will result in a finer microstructure due to an increase in G × R, but due to a decrease in G/R, columnar characteristics are also reduced. Moreover, increasing the layer thickness and decreasing the hatch spacing lowers the G × R, raises the G/R and generates a coarse columnar microstructure.

Originality/value

The proposed numerical modeling approach was used to parametrically investigate the effect of LPBF parameters on the resulting microstructure. A G-R map was also developed that enables the tailoring of the as-built LPBF microstructure through solidification characteristics by tuning the process parameters.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 30 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 10 September 2024

Abhishek Shrivastava, Anand Kumar S. and Samrat Rao

This study used an indentation-based mechanical testing framework for the mechanical characterization of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processed Inconel 718 on a wrought Inconel…

70

Abstract

Purpose

This study used an indentation-based mechanical testing framework for the mechanical characterization of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processed Inconel 718 on a wrought Inconel 718 substrate. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the indentation-based approach for localized mechanical evaluation.

Design/methodology/approach

The LPBF-processed wrought substrate was sectioned into three sections for microstructural and mechanical characterization. A 3D heat source model was used for the thermal analysis of the interface region. The developed interface region is probed using the Knoop hardness indenter in different orientations to determine the textural anisotropy and mechanical behavior of the region.

Findings

LPBF process develops a melted interface zone (MIZ) at the deposition-substrate interface. The MIZ exhibited a coarse grain structure region along with a larger primary dendritic arm spacing (PDAS), signifying a slower cooling rate. FE modeling of the LPBF process reveals heat accumulation in the substrate along with intrinsic heat treatment (IHT) induced due to layer-wise processing. The obtained yield locus shows strong anisotropy in the deposition region, whereas reduced anisotropy with a nearly uniform ellipse locus for the MIZ regions. This reduced anisotropy is attributable to IHT and heat accumulation in the substrate.

Originality/value

An alternative localized mechanical characterization tool has been investigated in this work. The approach proved sensitive to thermal variations during LPBF processing in an isolated region which extends its suitability to variable geometry parts. Moreover, the approach could serve as a screening tool for parts made from dissimilar metals.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 30 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 3 April 2019

Edric John Cruz Nacpil, Rencheng Zheng, Tsutomu Kaizuka and Kimihiko Nakano

Two-handed automobile steering at low vehicle speeds may lead to reduced steering ability at large steering wheel angles and shoulder injury at high steering wheel rates (SWRs)…

1315

Abstract

Purpose

Two-handed automobile steering at low vehicle speeds may lead to reduced steering ability at large steering wheel angles and shoulder injury at high steering wheel rates (SWRs). As a first step toward solving these problems, this study aims, firstly, to design a surface electromyography (sEMG) controlled steering assistance interface that enables hands-free steering wheel rotation and, secondly, to validate the effect of this rotation on path-following accuracy.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 24 drivers used biceps brachii sEMG signals to control the steering assistance interface at a maximized SWR in three driving simulator scenarios: U-turn, 90º turn and 45º turn. For comparison, the scenarios were repeated with a slower SWR and a game steering wheel in place of the steering assistance interface. The path-following accuracy of the steering assistance interface would be validated if it was at least comparable to that of the game steering wheel.

Findings

Overall, the steering assistance interface with a maximized SWR was comparable to a game steering wheel. For the U-turn, 90º turn and 45º turn, the sEMG-based human–machine interface (HMI) had median lateral errors of 0.55, 0.3 and 0.2 m, respectively, whereas the game steering wheel, respectively, had median lateral errors of 0.7, 0.4 and 0.3 m. The higher accuracy of the sEMG-based HMI was statistically significant in the case of the U-turn.

Originality/value

Although production automobiles do not use sEMG-based HMIs, and few studies have proposed sEMG controlled steering, the results of the current study warrant further development of a sEMG-based HMI for an actual automobile.

Details

Journal of Intelligent and Connected Vehicles, vol. 2 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2399-9802

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Article
Publication date: 19 July 2022

Yasuhito Takahashi, Koji Fujiwara and Takeshi Iwashita

This study aims to enhance the parallel performance of a parallel-in-space-and-time (PinST) finite-element method (FEM) using time step overlapping. The effectiveness of the…

54

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to enhance the parallel performance of a parallel-in-space-and-time (PinST) finite-element method (FEM) using time step overlapping. The effectiveness of the developed method is clarified in a magnet eddy-current loss analysis of a practical interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) using a massively parallel computing environment.

Design/methodology/approach

The developed PinST FEM is a combination of the domain decomposition method as a parallel-in-space (PinS) method and a parallel time-periodic explicit error correction (PTP-EEC) method, which is one of the parallel-in-time (PinT) approaches. The parallel performance of the PinST FEM is further improved by overlapping the time steps with different processes in the PTP-EEC method.

Findings

By applying the overlapping PTP-EEC method, the convergence of the transient solution to its steady state can be accelerated drastically. Consequently, the good parallel performance of the PinST FEM is achieved in magnetic field analyses of the practical IPMSM using a massively parallel computing environment, in which over 10,000 processes are used.

Originality/value

In this study, the PinST FEM based on time step overlapping is newly developed and its effectiveness is demonstrated in a massively parallel computing environment, in which using either the PinS or PinT method alone cannot achieve sufficient parallel performance. This finding implies a new direction of parallel computing approaches for electromagnetic field computation.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering , vol. 42 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 12 November 2024

Kexin Wang, Yubin Pei, Zhengxiao Li and Xuanyin Wang

This paper aims to present an unmarked method including entire two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) methods to recover absolute 3D humanoid robot poses from multiview…

17

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present an unmarked method including entire two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) methods to recover absolute 3D humanoid robot poses from multiview images.

Design/methodology/approach

The method consists of two separate steps: estimating the 2D poses in multiview images and recovering the 3D poses from the multiview 2D heatmaps. The 2D one is conducted by High-Resolution Net with Epipolar (HRNet-Epipolar), and the Conditional Random Fields Humanoid Robot Pictorial Structure Model (CRF Robot Model) is proposed to recover 3D poses.

Findings

The performance of the algorithm is validated by experiments developed on data sets captured by four RGB cameras in Qualisys system. It illustrates that the algorithm has higher Mean Per Joint Position Error than Direct Linear Transformation and Recursive Pictorial Structure Model algorithms when estimating 14 joints of the humanoid robot.

Originality/value

A new unmarked method is proposed for 3D humanoid robot pose estimation. Experimental results show enhanced absolute accuracy, which holds important theoretical significance and application value for humanoid robot pose estimation and motion performance testing.

Details

Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

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