T. NAKATA, N. TAKAHASHI and K. FUJIWARA
Seven computer codes developed by five groups are applied to the benchmark problem 13 of the TEAM Workshop which consists of steel plates around a coil (a nonlinear magnetostatic…
Abstract
Seven computer codes developed by five groups are applied to the benchmark problem 13 of the TEAM Workshop which consists of steel plates around a coil (a nonlinear magnetostatic problem). The solutions are compared with each other and with experimental results.
N. TAKAHASHI, T. NAKATA and H. MORISHIGE
Thirteen computer codes developed by eleven groups are applied to the benchmark problem 20 (3‐D static force problem) for the TEAM Workshop. The solutions are compared with each…
Abstract
Thirteen computer codes developed by eleven groups are applied to the benchmark problem 20 (3‐D static force problem) for the TEAM Workshop. The solutions are compared with each other and with experimental results.
K. Muramatsu, T. Nakata, N. Takahashi, K. Fujiwara and H. Ukita
Recently, rare earth magnets with high coercive force such as Nd‐Fe‐B magnets have been developed. When the magnetic characteristic (M‐H curve) of such a strong magnet is…
Abstract
Recently, rare earth magnets with high coercive force such as Nd‐Fe‐B magnets have been developed. When the magnetic characteristic (M‐H curve) of such a strong magnet is measured, the conventional closed magnetic circuit method using an electromagnet cannot be applicable due to the magnetic saturation of the yoke. Therefore, the open magnetic circuit method has been proposed in which high magnetic fields are generated by using a superconducting or a pulsed magnet. In this method, the correction for demagnetizing field is required. The correction can be done using the demagnetizing factor which is a function of the shape and M‐H curve. The conventional studies take into account only the shape.
The benchmark problem 4 (the FELIX brick) defined in the International Workshops for Eddy Current Code Comparison is solved by 11 different computer codes. This problem is…
Abstract
The benchmark problem 4 (the FELIX brick) defined in the International Workshops for Eddy Current Code Comparison is solved by 11 different computer codes. This problem is time‐dependent and three dimensional eddy current problem with a hole. 13 sets of results in total are presented. The results are in fairly good agreement although the formulations and methods in the codes are different from each other. The problem of the hole (multi‐connectivity) is successfully solved in the results.
T. Matsubara, Y. Ishihara, S. Kitamura and Y. Inoue
Shaded‐pole type induction motors are simple structure, strongly‐built and low cost since they have no condensers. Therefore they are used generally in cooling fans in the devices…
Abstract
Shaded‐pole type induction motors are simple structure, strongly‐built and low cost since they have no condensers. Therefore they are used generally in cooling fans in the devices around computers etc., even though they are of low efficiency due to the power loss in the shading coils.
Sandra Melo, Patrícia Baptista and Álvaro Costa
In the recent decades, research and industry on city logistics have tried to seek for environment-friendly solutions that are efficient enough to satisfy both society and…
Abstract
Purpose
In the recent decades, research and industry on city logistics have tried to seek for environment-friendly solutions that are efficient enough to satisfy both society and suppliers’ needs. One of the potential solutions is the use of small-size electric vehicles (SEVs), due to their improved energy efficiency, local zero emissions, and lower traffic disturbance.
In spite of all the benefits of SEV for society, advertised through experimental trials focused on social and environmental benefits, research on these vehicles’ impacts seems to overlook the effects on private stakeholders operations, namely, disregarding the replacement rate needed to assure the same delivery patterns and their purchasing and battery charging implications.
Design
In this chapter, the authors contribute in filling this research gap by considering private interests, related to operation costs levels (running and driving costs), service levels, and efficiency in the promotion of SEV. Simultaneously, its balance with public interests, related with sustainability, quality of life, mobility, and environmental issues are also addressed.
Findings
The authors aim to evaluate the usage of SEV in this research and to estimate the effects of replacing conventional vans by SEV on city logistics operations. The results of this quantitative analysis enlighten if SEVs are indeed a viable solution to satisfy public and private stakeholders, when operational and external costs are fully accounted.
The chapter presents a case study that addresses the effects of replacing vans by SEV on city logistics operations in the city of Oporto (Portugal), considering public and private stakeholders’ interests. The study compares four scenarios of 5%, 10%, 30%, and 70% of SEVs replacing diesel vans used in transport and unloading operations. The four scenarios are tested on different geographical scales: street and city levels. First, the authors estimate how the use of SEV in city logistics affects traffic, energy consumption, and emissions. Second, the respective operating and external costs are quantified and the acquisition and battery issues are discussed.
Originality/value
When considering the goal of promoting SEV as a sustainable city logistics policy, under a methodology focused on mobility, operational performance, and environmental externalities, the authors concluded (a) the replacement rate SEV:van is determinant to make a decision on whether or not to use SEVs replacing vans, (b) SEVs are economically competitive with conventional vans if the replacement rate is 1:1, (c) SEVs have a better performance at the street level rather than at the city level, (d) SEVs can be used with normal traffic as a niche of market (lower than 5%), and (e) SEVs benefits exist, but they are not significant enough to drive suppliers for their adoption.
Details
Keywords
Takayoshi NAKATA and Koji FUJIWARA
Benchmark problem 13 of the TEAM Workshop consists of steel plates around a coil (a nonlinear magnetostatic problem). Seventeen computer codes developed by twelve groups are…
Abstract
Benchmark problem 13 of the TEAM Workshop consists of steel plates around a coil (a nonlinear magnetostatic problem). Seventeen computer codes developed by twelve groups are applied, and twenty‐five solutions are compared with each other and with experimental results. In addition to the numerical calculations, two theoretical presentations are given in order to explain discrepancies between the calculations and the experiment.
Koji FUJIWARA and Takayoshi NAKATA
Benchmark problem 7 of the TEAM workshop consists of an asymmetrical conductor with a hole. 17 computer codes are applied, and 25 solutions are compared with each other and with…
Abstract
Benchmark problem 7 of the TEAM workshop consists of an asymmetrical conductor with a hole. 17 computer codes are applied, and 25 solutions are compared with each other and with experimental results for eddy current densities and flux densities. Most of the codes were found to give satisfactory solutions.
Takayoshi NAKATA and Koji FUJIWARA
Benchmark problem 10 of the TEAM workshop consists of steel plates around a coil (non‐linear transient eddy current problem). Six computer codes are applied, and 6 solutions are…
Abstract
Benchmark problem 10 of the TEAM workshop consists of steel plates around a coil (non‐linear transient eddy current problem). Six computer codes are applied, and 6 solutions are compared with each other and experimental results for eddy current densities as well as flux densities. Some codes were found to give oscillatory solutions.
Takayoshi NAKATA, Norio TAKAHASHI and Koji FUJIWARA
Benchmark problem 10 of the TEAM workshop consists of steel plates around a coil (non‐linear transient eddy current problem). Seven computer codes are applied, and seven solutions…
Abstract
Benchmark problem 10 of the TEAM workshop consists of steel plates around a coil (non‐linear transient eddy current problem). Seven computer codes are applied, and seven solutions are compared with each other and with experimental results.