Mehdi Soodi, Syed H. Masood and Milan Brandt
This paper aims to investigate the changes in tensile properties of novel functionally graded materials (FGMs) and wafer structures created by direct metal deposition (DMD…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the changes in tensile properties of novel functionally graded materials (FGMs) and wafer structures created by direct metal deposition (DMD) additive manufacturing (AM) technology.
Design/methodology/approach
Laser-assisted DMD was used to create two innovative sets of metallic structures – the functionally graded and wafer-layered structures – using pairs of six different engineering alloys in different combinations. These alloys were selected due to their high popularity within a diverse range of industries and engineering applications. The laser-assisted DMD was selected as a suitable technique to create these complex structures because of its capability to deposit more than one alloy powder at a time. After creation of these structures, their tensile strength was tested in a series of tensile tests and the results were compared with those of single alloy samples.
Findings
It was observed that the mechanical properties of FGMs and wafer structure samples were clearly different from those of the single alloy samples, a fact which creates a whole pool of opportunities for development of new materials or structures with desired mechanical properties that cannot be achieved in single alloy parts.
Originality/value
The study demonstrates the application of the DMD process to produce unique structures and materials, which would be high in demand in engineering applications, where metallic parts are exposed to high loads and where excessive tensile stresses may adversely affect the performance of such parts.
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Explains that fused deposition modelling is a rapid prototyping technology by which physical objects are created directly from a CAD model using layer by layer deposition of…
Abstract
Explains that fused deposition modelling is a rapid prototyping technology by which physical objects are created directly from a CAD model using layer by layer deposition of extruded material. The technology offers the potential of producing parts accurately in a wide range of materials safely and quickly. In using this technology, the designer is often confronted with a host of conflicting options including achieving desired accuracy, optimizing building time and cost and fulfilling functionality requirements. Presents a methodology for resolving these problems through the development of an intelligent rapid prototyping syste integrating distributed blackboard technologies with different knowledge based systems and feature based design technologies.
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Omar Ahmed Mohamed, Syed Hasan Masood and Jahar Lal Bhowmik
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of process parameters of fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing process on viscoelastic responses (creep compliance…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of process parameters of fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing process on viscoelastic responses (creep compliance and recoverable compliance) of FDM built parts using a novel experimental design technique.
Design/methodology/approach
As part of the process characterization, a recently developed class of three-level design methodology – definitive screening design (DSD) – was used in this study to fit a second-order polynomial regression model. Artificial neural network (ANN) was also used to determine the optimal process parameters to improve creep compliance and recoverable compliance. The relationship between layer thickness, air gap, raster angle, build orientation, road width, number of contours and creep performance of FDM fabricated part was thereafter established empirically. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to examine and characterize the morphology of the structures for some samples.
Findings
This study found that the creep resistance of FDM-manufactured part is significantly influenced by layer thickness, air gap, raster angle and number of contours and it can be improved by optimizing the settings of the selected parameters. The relationship between FDM process parameters and creep properties was determined, with the best creep performance observed by using 0.127 mm of layer thickness, zero air gap, zero raster angle, build orientation of 17.188°, road width of 0.4572 mm and 10 contours. Finally, the result is verified by confirmation experiments. The results prove that a DSD is a very effective design in characterizing the influence of process parameters on creep properties of FDM-built part at the lowest cost.
Originality/value
The originality of this paper lies in characterizing and optimizing the effect of process parameters on creep performance of FDM manufactured part that has not been studied in all previous studies. The paper highlights, for the first time, how the application of DSD can overcome most of the limitations encountered in the conventional techniques. This study can be used as a guide to the different additive manufacturing users of various industries and the results provide a good technical database on how FDM process parameters influence the creep performance of manufactured parts.
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Heping Chen, Ning Xi, Syed Kamran Masood, Yifan Chen and Jeffrey Dahl
Automated chopper gun trajectory planning (CGTP) for spray forming is highly desirable for today's automotive manufacturing. Generating chopper gun trajectories for free‐form…
Abstract
Automated chopper gun trajectory planning (CGTP) for spray forming is highly desirable for today's automotive manufacturing. Generating chopper gun trajectories for free‐form surfaces to satisfy material distribution requirements is still highly challenging due to the complexity of the problems. In this paper, a user‐friendly software for automated CGTP has been developed. The CGTP software can take different formats of the CAD models of parts. A chopper gun trajectory is generated based on the CAD model of a part, chopper gun model, and constraints. A part is partitioned into patches to satisfy the given constraints. A trajectory integration algorithm is developed to integrate the trajectories of the patches to form a trajectory for the part. The CGTP software has been tested by Ford Motor Company and achieved satisfactory results.
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Esfandyar Kouhi, Syed Masood and Yos Morsi
Combination of advanced imaging, designing and manufacturing techniques has been rapidly developed in recent years for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for medical devices. The…
Abstract
Purpose
Combination of advanced imaging, designing and manufacturing techniques has been rapidly developed in recent years for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for medical devices. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for design and fabrication procedure of medical models using computer‐aided design (CAD) and fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique for application in the mandibular reconstructive surgery.
Design/methodology/approach
Case studies of patients with mandibular defects are examined using CAD model construction including data acquisition from computerized tomography scan and data processing. Furthermore, the effect of advanced manufacturing parameters settings in FDM methodology is investigated.
Findings
The models were used in assisting the surgeons in their reconstruction planning. A significant improvement regarding the success and convenience in surgery planning been reported.
Originality/value
This paper explores the application and viability of FDM rapid prototyping technology for fabrication of complex mandibular models used for reconstructive surgery.
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Omar Ahmed Mohamed, Syed Hasan Masood and Jahar Lal Bhowmik
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become an increasingly important process among the available additive manufacturing technologies in various industries. Although there are many…
Abstract
Purpose
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has become an increasingly important process among the available additive manufacturing technologies in various industries. Although there are many advantages of FDM process, a downside of its industrial application is the attainable dimensional accuracy with tight tolerance without compromising the mechanical performance. This paper aims to study the effects of six FDM operating parameters on two conflicting responses, namely, dynamic stiffness and dimensional stability of FDM produced PC-ABS parts. This study also aims to determine the optimal process settings using graphical optimization that satisfy the dynamic mechanical properties without compromising the dimensional accuracy.
Design/methodology/approach
The regression models based upon IV-optimal response surface methodology are developed to study the variation of dimensional accuracy and dynamic mechanical properties with changes in process parameter settings. Statistical analysis was conducted to establish the relationships between process variables and dimensional accuracy and dynamic stiffness. Analysis of variance is used to define the level of significance of the FDM operating parameters. Scanning electron microscope and Leica MZ6 optical microscope are used to examine and characterize the morphology of the structures for some specimens.
Findings
Experimental results highlight the individual and interaction effects of processing conditions on the dynamic stiffness and part accuracy. The results showed that layer thickness (slice height), raster-to-raster air gap and number of outlines have the largest effect on the dynamic stiffness and dimensional accuracy. The results also showed an interesting phenomenon of the effect of number of contours and the influence of other process parameters. The optimal process conditions for highest mechanical performance and part accuracy are obtained.
Originality/value
The effect of FDM processing parameters on the properties under dynamic and cyclic loading conditions has not been studied in the previous published work. Furthermore, simultaneous optimization of dynamic mechanical properties without compromising the dimensional accuracy has also been investigated. On the basis of experimental findings, it is possible to provide practical suggestions to set the optimal FDM process parameters in relation to dynamic mechanical performance, as well as the dimensional accuracy.
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Syed Alamdar Ali Shah, Bayu Arie Fianto, Asad Ejaz Sheikh, Raditya Sukmana, Umar Nawaz Kayani and Abdul Rahim Bin Ridzuan
The purpose of this study aims to examine the effect of fintech on pre- and post-financing credit risks faced by the Islamic banks.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study aims to examine the effect of fintech on pre- and post-financing credit risks faced by the Islamic banks.
Design/methodology/approach
This research uses primary data for fintech awareness and adoption and secondary data of various financial and economic variables from 2009 to 2021. It uses baseline regression to identify moderation of fintech controlling gross domestic products, size, return on assets and leverage. The findings are confirmed using robustness against key variable bias. It also uses a dynamic panel two-stage generalized method of moments for endogeneity.
Findings
The study finds that the fintech awareness and adoption are not the same across all Islamic countries. The Asia Pacific region is far ahead of the other two regions where Indonesia is ahead in terms of fintech awareness and adoption, and Malaysia is ahead in terms of reaping its benefits in credit risk management. Fintech affects prefinancing credit risk significantly more than postfinancing credit risk. Also, the study finds that Islamic banks suffer from the problem of “Adverse selection under Shariah compliance.”
Practical implications
This research invites regulators to introduce fintech in Islamic banks on war footing. Similar studies can be conducted on the role of other risks such as operational and market risks. Fintech will also help in improving the risk profile and stability of Islamic banks against systemic risks and financial crises.
Originality/value
This research has variety of originalities. First, it is the pioneering study that addresses the effect of fintech pre- and post-financing credit risks in Islamic banks. Second, it identifies “Adverse selection under Shariah compliance” for Islamic banks. Third, it helps identify how fintech can be useful in reducing credit risk that will help in reducing capital charge for regulatory capital.
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Syed Muhammad Irfan, Faisal Qadeer, Muddassar Sarfraz and Mohammed Khurrum Bhutta
This paper explores critical job resources (CRJRs) as predictors of job crafting and sustainable employability. Using job demands-resources (JD-R) theory as a theoretical lens…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper explores critical job resources (CRJRs) as predictors of job crafting and sustainable employability. Using job demands-resources (JD-R) theory as a theoretical lens, the authors examine how job crafting mediates CRJR and sustainable employability and whether work uncertainty as a boundary condition further strengthened these associations using moderated mediation approach.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used a cross-sectional time-lagged research design by collecting data from 483 knowledge workers in Pakistan's healthcare and universities, both public and private. The authors used structural equation modeling using AMOS 25.0 software to examine the proposed relationships’ mediation, moderation and moderated-mediation processes, such as Hayes (2018) process models 1,7,14 and 58. In addition, the authors tested a structural model with self-developed estimands instead of using process macros available in SPSS by computing variables.
Findings
The results of this study confirmed that CRJR predicts job crafting and employees' sustainable employability. Furthermore, comprehensive testing suggested that mediation of job crafting between CRJR and sustainable employability further strengthened in the presence of a boundary condition of work uncertainty.
Originality/value
The study uncovers CRJR (job, organizational, social and relational) as a predictor of job crafting. The authors suggest that job design integrating CRJR helps organizations and managers promote job crafting and make employees responsible for their sustainable employability. The proposed CRJR has not been used as a predictor of job crafting, and no such study tested CRJR as a predictor of sustainable employability. The authors made comprehensive testing to examine the boundary condition of work uncertainty while examining the CRJR and sustainable employability relations via job crafting.
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Rehan Masood, Krishanu Roy, Vicente A. González, James B.P. Lim and Abdur Rehman Nasir
Globally, prefabrication in housebuilding has evolved as an innovative approach to attain sustainability and affordability. However, the SC, including non-producers and producers…
Abstract
Purpose
Globally, prefabrication in housebuilding has evolved as an innovative approach to attain sustainability and affordability. However, the SC, including non-producers and producers, of prefabricated housebuilding projects is still not perceptually aligned, hindering innovation diffusion. This paper investigates the contemporary industry perspective on PHB for conceptualisation, market share and growth, innovation diffusion and the producer's role in the context of New Zealand.
Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory qualitative research design was chosen to learn the perceptual stance of the industry. A semi-structured survey was conducted, followed by interviews with selected supply chain participants, who were producers and non-producers and had relevant experience in the PHB industry.
Findings
This study reports the common terminologies used by supply chain members, with justification and explanation. Further, the perceived market share and growth of the PHB industry are obtained and compared with subsequent studies to determine the capability and capacity. The perception of the diffusion of PHB by type is reported to portray the overall trend of the industry. In the last, the role of producers as the suppliers of PHB projects is investigated to establish the stakeholder positional criticality.
Practical implications
This study can help researchers and practitioners gain insight into the PHB industry from a multi-dimensional perspective. This study is a potential first step to formalise the policy, programme, strategies and action plan for the uptake of the PHB in the New Zealand.
Originality/value
PHB diffusion in the supply chain perspective, considering multi-dimensional aspects, has not been considered in previous studies as government agencies produce most of the literature. This academic research establishes the theoretical linkage towards PHB diffusion and reports the current status.
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Khairul Akmaliah Adham, Rosmah Mat Isa, Noreha Halid, Norrana Khidil, Adlin Masood and Zizah Che Senik
Strategic Management and Organization Theory and Design.
Abstract
Subject area
Strategic Management and Organization Theory and Design.
Study level/applicability
Advanced undergraduate and MBA students taking courses in Strategic Management and Organization Theory and Design.
Case overview
By the end of 2011, five years short of its centennial anniversary, UMW Holdings was one of the biggest corporations in Malaysia, registering revenues of RM13.5 billion (US$4.5 billion), and net profit after tax of RMI billion (US$0.33 billion). By that time, it had 110 subsidiaries, operating in four core businesses of automotive assembly and distribution of Toyota lines of products, automotive components and lubricants original equipment manufacturing (OEM) and replacement equipment manufacturing (REM), heavy equipment, and oil and gas drilling service. In September 2011, the company had targeted its Toyota automotive business to contribute to 50 percent of its revenues, while the other 50 percent would come from its other three businesses, by the year 2015. However, as of the first quarter of 2012, Datuk Syed Hisham Syed Wazir, the Group CEO and his management team realized that, at 72 percent, the automotive business was still the main contributor to the Group's revenues. As the company's Toyota assembly operation was limited exclusively to the Malaysian market, plus in the face of greater competition within the automotive industries, the company needed to set strategies to achieve its 50:50 plan. The case stimulates discussion on strategy formulation of a mature corporation, involved in diversified business portfolio.
Expected learning outcomes
Understanding the process of industry analysis, as well as the formulation and implementation of business-level and corporate strategies, enables case analysts to extend the concepts to many business situations.
Supplementary materials
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