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This study aims to propose a risk management framework for Islamic banks to address specific risks that are unique to Islamic bank settings.

A unique methodology has been developed first by exploring the dynamics and behaviors of various risks unique to Islamic banks. Second, it integrates them through a series of diagrams that show how they behave, integrate and impact risk, returns and portfolios.

This study proposes a unique risk-return relationship framework encompassing specific risks faced by Islamic banks under the ambit of portfolio theory showing how Islamic banks establish a steeper risk-return path under Shariah compliance. By doing so, this study identifies a unique “Islamic risk-return” nexus in Islamic settings as an explanation for the concern of contemporary researchers that Islamic banks are more risky than conventional banks.

The originality of this study is that it extends the scope of risk management in Islamic banks from individual contract-based to an integrated whole, identifying a unique transmission path of how risks affect portfolio diversification in Islamic banks.

The purpose of this paper is to perform Shariah review of Brownian motion that is used for prediction of Islamic stock prices and their volatility.

It uses the Shariah compliant development model guidelines to review the Brownian motion and its applications.

The model of Brownian motion does not involve any variable that renders it non-Shariah compliant; neither all applications of Brownian motion are Shariah compliant. Because the model is based on stochastic properties that involve randomness, therefore the issue of gharar takes the utmost important to handle in the applications of the model. The results need to be analyzed strictly in accordance with the Shariah whether they create any element of gharar or uncertainty in case of expected price and volatility estimates.

The research suffers from the limitation that it analyses only one model of physics, i.e. Brownian motion model from Shariah perspective.

The research opens an area for Shariah analysis of results generated from the application of advanced models of physics on matters related to Islamic financial markets.

The originality of this study stems from the fact that to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first study that extends Shariah guidelines into Financial physics for making the foundations of Islamic econophysics.

The purpose of this research is to propose a framework for research on Macaulay duration and establish future research directions.

Thematic, bibliometric and content analyses have been used to review 168 research papers published between 1938 and 2019 taken from ISI Web of Science and Scopus contributed by leading authors, journals and regulatory bodies.

Identification and integration of themes of duration theory, duration model development and duration model implementation leading to unattended research gaps, and framework for research on Macaulay duration.

The study is based on an extensive review of the literature to extract important themes, research gaps and frameworks. It does not empirically investigate significance of Macaulay duration and various sectors.

This research has several aspects that are helpful for practitioners. Macaulay duration has been the subject of empirical research only without any guiding framework. This research provides a platform to initiate profound researches in various areas of finance. Various proposed models are required to be tested under holistic approach in conventional and emerging fields, especially in Islamic settings.

This research highlights, research themes leading to framework, research gaps and factors that are crucial in developing, extending and testing duration models leading to enhancement of theoretical base of Macaulay duration.

The purpose of this study is to develop, test and examine econometric methodology for Sharīʿah-compliant duration models of Islamic banks.

The research evaluates all existing duration models from Sharīʿah’s perspective and develops a four-stage framework for testing Sharīʿah-compliant duration models. The econometric methodology consists of multiple regression, Johansen co-integration, error correction model, vector error correction model (VECM) and threshold vector error models (TVECM).

Regressions analysis suggests that returns on earning assets and interbank offered rates are significant factors for calculating the duration of earning assets, whereas returns paid on return bearing liabilities and average interbank rates of deposits are significant factors for duration of return bearing liabilities. VECM suggests that short run duration converges into long run duration and TVECM suggests that management of assets and liabilities also plays a significant role that can bring about a change of about 15% in respective durations.

Sharīʿah-compliant duration models will improve risk and Sharīʿah efficiency, which will ultimately improve market capitalization and returns stability of Islamic banks in the long run.

Sharīʿah-compliant duration models testing provides insight into how various factors, namely, rates of return, benchmark rates and managerial skills of Islamic bank risk managers impact durations of assets and liabilities. It also explains the future course of action for Sharīʿah-compliant duration model testing.

The purpose of this study aims to examine the effect of fintech on pre- and post-financing credit risks faced by the Islamic banks.

This research uses primary data for fintech awareness and adoption and secondary data of various financial and economic variables from 2009 to 2021. It uses baseline regression to identify moderation of fintech controlling gross domestic products, size, return on assets and leverage. The findings are confirmed using robustness against key variable bias. It also uses a dynamic panel two-stage generalized method of moments for endogeneity.

The study finds that the fintech awareness and adoption are not the same across all Islamic countries. The Asia Pacific region is far ahead of the other two regions where Indonesia is ahead in terms of fintech awareness and adoption, and Malaysia is ahead in terms of reaping its benefits in credit risk management. Fintech affects prefinancing credit risk significantly more than postfinancing credit risk. Also, the study finds that Islamic banks suffer from the problem of “Adverse selection under Shariah compliance.”

This research invites regulators to introduce fintech in Islamic banks on war footing. Similar studies can be conducted on the role of other risks such as operational and market risks. Fintech will also help in improving the risk profile and stability of Islamic banks against systemic risks and financial crises.

This research has variety of originalities. First, it is the pioneering study that addresses the effect of fintech pre- and post-financing credit risks in Islamic banks. Second, it identifies “Adverse selection under Shariah compliance” for Islamic banks. Third, it helps identify how fintech can be useful in reducing credit risk that will help in reducing capital charge for regulatory capital.

The purpose of this research is to examine the factors that affect brand satisfaction of a Muslim customer who is making purchases from selling outlets on social media.

The study used a new mechanism of sampling for research studies relating to social media which. Further, we used hierarchical regression to analyze the moderation effects of religiosity.

The authors’ findings suggest that religiosity has moderation effects on the relationship between halal social media and brand satisfaction of a Muslim customer and even higher moderation effects on relationship between customer engagement and brand satisfaction of a Muslim customer.

The respondents of this research are completely unknown as the data has been collected from google-docs link sharing arrangement.

This study identifies factors that need to be focused on winning the brand loyalty of a Muslim customer.

This study provides a new sampling methodology to be used for the purpose of studies related to social media, which has been labeled as “social-media disguised snow ball sampling”. Further, this study is one of the few studies in the area of “halal social media”.

This study aims to investigate the determinants of Islamic stock returns listed on Jakarta Islamic Index (Indonesia) between 2008 and 2018.

This study uses a quantile bounded autoregressive distributed lag (QBARDL) model to uncover relevant relationships.

This study finds that the Dow Jones Islamic Market Index, gold returns, world oil prices and exchange rates are the determinants of the Indonesia’s Islamic stock returns. However, the relationship is time varying developing intra-/inter-quantile bounded.

Integration of the Islamic stock returns with the real economic indicators changes over time. The findings have important implications for the policymakers, the fund managers and the investors to anticipate consequences when considering the macroeconomic conditions before participating in the Indonesian Islamic stock market.

Using a QBARDL, this study finds that the Islamic stock returns have on net and “time-varying intra-/inter-quantile developing” relationship with its determinants as data quantiles progressed from 25% to 75%.

The purpose of this paper is to propose models of duration for maturity gap risk management in Islamic banks.

A thorough review of literature on duration modeling, duration measurement in Islamic banks and Shariah compliance has been conducted to set parameters to develop Shariah-compliant maturity gap risk management mechanism.

Models based on durations of earning assets and return bearing liabilities using various rates of return earned and paid, benchmark rates and industry standards commonly used by Islamic and conventional banks.

Increased Shariah compliance has threefold impact. Firstly, it will increase trust of customers. Secondly, it will help improve profitability by reducing non-Shariah compliance penalties from the regulators. And finally, it will enhance market capitalization and returns stability to investors because of enhanced customer base, increased level of trust and increased profitability.

This research proposes Shariah-compliant maturity gap risk management models based on the concept of duration according to recommendations of Bank for International Settlements. As there is no such maturity gap risk management mechanism that meets the requirements of Shariah using benchmarks that are common between Islamic and conventional banks; therefore, this research presents risk management solutions that can be applied simultaneously in the entire banking sector.