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Article
Publication date: 26 November 2024

Shikha Pandey, Yogesh Iyer Murthy and Sumit Gandhi

This study aims to investigate the use of 20 commonly applied regression methods to predict concrete corrosion. These models are assessed for accuracy and interpretability using…

35

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the use of 20 commonly applied regression methods to predict concrete corrosion. These models are assessed for accuracy and interpretability using SHapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) analysis to provide structural health monitoring prognostic tools.

Design/methodology/approach

This study evaluated model performance using standard measures including root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), R-squared (R2) and mean absolute error (MAE). Interpretability was evaluated using SHAP and LIME. The X and Y distances, concrete age, relative humidity and temperature were input parameters, whereas half-cell potential (HCP) values were considered output. The experimental data set consisted of observations taken for 270 days.

Findings

Gaussian process regression (GPR) models with rational quadratic, square exponential and matern 5/2 kernels outperformed others, with RMSE values around 16.35, MSE of roughly 267.50 and R2 values near 0.964. Bagged and boosted ensemble models performed well, with RMSE around 17.20 and R2 values over 0.95. Linear approaches, such as efficient linear least squares and linear SVM, resulted in much higher RMSE values (approximately 40.17 and 40.02) and lower R2 values (approximately 0.79), indicating decreased prediction accuracy.

Practical implications

The findings highlight the effectiveness of GPR models in forecasting corrosion in concrete buildings. The use of both SHAP and LIME for model interpretability improves the transparency of predictive maintenance models, making them more reliable for practical applications.

Social implications

Safe infrastructure is crucial to public health. Predicting corrosion and other structural problems improves the safety of buildings, bridges and other community-dependent structures. Public safety, infrastructure durability and transportation and utility interruptions are improved by reducing catastrophic breakdowns.

Originality/value

This study reduces the gap between model accuracy and interpretability in predicting concrete corrosion by proposing a data-driven method for structural health monitoring. The combination of GPR models and ensemble approaches provides a solid foundation for future research and practical applications in predictive maintenance. This comprehensive approach underscores the potential of data-driven methods for predictive maintenance in concrete structures, with implications for broader applications in various industries.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 72 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 2024

Shikha Pandey, Yogesh Iyer Murthy and Sumit Gandhi

This study aims to assess support vector machine (SVM) models' predictive ability to estimate half-cell potential (HCP) values from input parameters by using Bayesian…

16

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to assess support vector machine (SVM) models' predictive ability to estimate half-cell potential (HCP) values from input parameters by using Bayesian optimization, grid search and random search.

Design/methodology/approach

A data set with 1,134 rows and 6 columns is used for principal component analysis (PCA) to minimize dimensionality and preserve 95% of explained variance. HCP is output from temperature, age, relative humidity, X and Y lengths. Root mean square error (RMSE), R-squared, mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error, prediction speed and training time are used to measure model effectiveness. SHAPLEY analysis is also executed.

Findings

The study reveals variations in predictive performance across different optimization methods, with RMSE values ranging from 18.365 to 30.205 and R-squared values spanning from 0.88 to 0.96. Additionally, differences in training times, prediction speeds and model complexities are observed, highlighting the trade-offs between model accuracy and computational efficiency.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding of SVM model efficacy in HCP prediction, emphasizing the importance of optimization techniques, model complexity and dimensionality reduction methods such as PCA.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 71 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 31 May 2024

Shikha Pandey, Sumit Gandhi and Yogesh Iyer Murthy

The purpose of this study is to compare the prediction models for half-cell potential (HCP) of RCC slabs cathodically protected using pure magnesium anodes and subjected to…

51

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to compare the prediction models for half-cell potential (HCP) of RCC slabs cathodically protected using pure magnesium anodes and subjected to chloride ingress.The models for HCP using 1,134 data set values based on experimentation are developed and compared using ANFIS, artificial neural network (ANN) and integrated ANN-GA algorithms.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, RCC slabs, 1000 mm × 1000 mm × 100 mm were cast. Five slabs were cast with 3.5% NaCl by weight of cement, and five more were cast without NaCl. The distance of the point under consideration from the anode in the x- and y-axes, temperature, relative humidity and age of the slab in days were the input parameters, while the HCP values with reference to the Standard Calomel Electrode were the output. Experimental values consisting of 80 HCP values per slab per day were collected for 270 days and were averaged for both cases to generate the prediction model.

Findings

In this study, the premise and consequent parameters are trained, validated and tested using ANFIS, ANN and by using ANN as fitness function of GA. The MAPE, RMSE and MAE of the ANFIS model were 24.57, 1702.601 and 871.762, respectively. Amongst the ANN algorithms, Levenberg−Marquardt (LM) algorithm outperforms the other methods, with an overall R-value of 0.983. GA with ANN as the objective function proves to be the best means for the development of prediction model.

Originality/value

Based on the original experimental values, the performance of ANFIS, ANN and GA with ANN as objective function provides excellent results.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 71 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Case study
Publication date: 14 November 2024

Kaushik Sonani, Prateek Jain and Bikramjit Rishi

After completion of the case study, the students will be able to analyze the challenges and opportunities associated with business expansion in any business, assess the…

Abstract

Learning outcomes

After completion of the case study, the students will be able to analyze the challenges and opportunities associated with business expansion in any business, assess the significance of leveraging existing strengths versus exploring new markets for organizational growth, evaluate the implications of regional consolidation versus national expansion strategies, develop strategic thinking and decision-making skills in a competitive business landscape and understand the nuances of market dynamics, brand recognition and operational challenges in diverse geographical regions.

Case overview/synopsis

Oneiros – The Sports Club stood poised at a pivotal juncture, grappling with a strategic quandary that encapsulates the divergent visions of its leadership. The narrative unfolded in Surat, a vibrant city in the state of Gujarat where contrasting viewpoints champion the familiar stability of local success against the lure of uncharted state and national territories. Ms Hemali Shah advocated for consolidating the club’s triumphs in Gujarat, emphasizing on the parameters of brand loyalty and operational mastery. In stark contrast, Mr Robin Patel envisioned a bold expansion strategy across the state, aiming for brand recognition and a paradigm shift to regional prominence. Caught amidst these competing visions, Mr Sumit Lathia who was aspiring for the club’s national presence navigated the complexities of market dynamics and business model, oscillating between preserving familiarity and embracing the allure of ambition. This case study highlights the nuanced strategic dilemmas faced by Oneiros, offering a captivating exploration of growth strategies in a competitive landscape. With insights from various perspectives within the organization, this case study navigates the complexities of growth, market dynamics and the balance between familiarity and ambition. This case study offers valuable insights and practical applications for students pursuing regular Master of Business Administration (MBA) and executive MBA programs, as well as undergraduate and postgraduate studies in entrepreneurship and strategic management. By examining the strategic decisions and operational challenges faced by Lathia and Oneiros – The Sports Club, students can gain a deeper understanding of key concepts such as public–private partnerships, market expansion strategies, customer segmentation and revenue diversification.

Complexity academic level

This case study is positioned within the decision-making or business development modules of the curriculum. It serves as a platform to apply theoretical concepts of strategic decision-making, market analysis and growth strategies to a real-world scenario. This case study prompts students to critically evaluate expansion dilemmas and devise strategic solutions.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

Strategy.

Details

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, vol. 14 no. 4
Type: Case Study
ISSN: 2045-0621

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 7 September 2012

Sumit K. Majumdar

This chapter examines the impact of changes in foreign exchange legislation on the levels of R&D undertaken by pharmaceutical firms in India. Foreign exchange legislation in India…

Abstract

This chapter examines the impact of changes in foreign exchange legislation on the levels of R&D undertaken by pharmaceutical firms in India. Foreign exchange legislation in India was codified as the FERA, passed in 1973, and the legislation was based on the mens rea principle, assuming criminal intent on the part of transgressor. The provisions of FERA were replaced with those of new legislation, called FEMA, in 1999. The impacts of the changes have been examined.

The examination has been based on panel data of Indian pharmaceutical firms over a period of fifteen years, from 1991–1992 to 2005–2006.

The results of the analysis have shown that, controlling for a variety of other factors, a transition from FERA to FEMA has been associated with a significant rise in pharmaceutical firms’ average levels of R&D undertaken.

The research establishes that institutional changes have significantly impacted innovation performance in India. The sector examined, pharmaceuticals, is important for the Indian economy as well as for general welfare, since its products help enhance the quality of lives. How innovation can be enhanced in this sector is an important policy consideration.

The research is the first to examine the impact of changing the laws relating to foreign exchange transactions in India on capability building, via undertaking research activities, in an important sector of Indian industry.

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Book part
Publication date: 8 June 2021

Debasish Nandy

India and the Republic of Korea are two prominent democracies in Asia. Both countries had to fight for their long-desired freedom. India's growing friendly relationship with the…

Abstract

India and the Republic of Korea are two prominent democracies in Asia. Both countries had to fight for their long-desired freedom. India's growing friendly relationship with the Republic of Korea has been marked by mutual understanding and bilateral trading cooperation. India–Republic of Korea relations have made great strides in recent years and have become truly multidimensional, spurred by a significant convergence of interests, mutual goodwill, and high-level knowledge exchanges. This study intends to critically discuss how soft power has been applied in New Delhi–Seoul relations and how soft power has been a very effective tool to maintain unity among the Indian diaspora and the Korean community. Soft power has been beneficial for India in propagating India's films, culture, medicines, yoga, heritage, etc., through which India is generating revenue. The blending of liberal economic policy and knowledge-based soft power diplomacy has immensely helped in making reciprocal bilateral relations. South Korea's open market policies found resonance with India's economic liberalization and “Look East Policy” as well as “Act East Policy.” Similarly, India has opened up its economy through the adoption of “new economic policy.” With the trade liberalization, India had started vibrant trading relations with South Korea. The significant investment of Korean companies in India has made a strong base of economic relations. Both countries have developed their knowledge exchange programs in many ways.

Details

Comparative Advantage in the Knowledge Economy
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80071-040-5

Keywords

Available. Content available
Book part
Publication date: 7 October 2024

Abstract

Details

Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Ideas, Interventions and Challenges
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-981-9

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Case study
Publication date: 16 June 2016

Monica Singhania and Puneet Gupta

This case looks at a recent shift in the way organizations look to leverage the benefits from India as a cost-effective destination to provide services. What started, around 15…

Abstract

Subject area

This case looks at a recent shift in the way organizations look to leverage the benefits from India as a cost-effective destination to provide services. What started, around 15 years back, as an activity to outsource all non-core activities to Indian companies to take the advantage of cost-effective resources, has now given way to a new model where the focus is on two key aspects, namely, “insourcing of work” and “transfer of core activities to India”. This is because of the realization that outsourcing may be a short-term solution for non-core activities; however, to build a sustainable capability that is both cost-effective and value-oriented, insourcing is key. Also, it is not just non-core activities that can be supported remotely; many core activities that have been managed by on-shore teams are increasingly being shifted to India to leverage the depth of skills available in the country. First Telecom has undertaken pioneering work in this domain by moving some of the critical functions to India and has created Centers of Excellence (CoEs) providing niche services to rest of the world.

Study level/applicability

Target audience includes corporate executives, students of MBA/postgraduate program in management in strategic management and/or workshops for understanding the concept of insourcing, cost transformation, business environment analysis and growth strategies for future.

Case overview

First Telecom has adopted what could be termed as “India 2.0” as the strategy to transform their operations worldwide to utilize the full potential of “India” as a service sector-outsourcing destination. The focus is not only on cost-avoidance but also on standardization of processes and mobilization of resources in a CoE setting to maximize the benefits. This case attempts to understand the way to go about it and the expected returns in a quantifiable manner.

Expected learning outcomes

To develop an understanding of business environment in the context of large multinational organizations that are constantly evolving to improve their operational excellence. Also, to develop an understanding of the outsourcing market and how companies are looking to move their core services to cost-effective locations to achieve the next phase of cost transformation after the outsourcing (non-core services) wave.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code

CSS 1: Accounting and Finance

Details

Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, vol. 6 no. 2
Type: Case Study
ISSN: 2045-0621

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 6 October 2022

Swathi Pennapareddy and K. Natarajan

The purpose of this paper is to study the various solutions and recommendations provided by researchers in applying the blockchain concept to different problems in aviation…

225

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the various solutions and recommendations provided by researchers in applying the blockchain concept to different problems in aviation industry. It will discuss and highlight the specific approaches that leverages blockchain to mitigate the automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) security issues. Furthermore, it introduces an innovative design and method to secure ADS-B data using a tamper-resistant distributed public ledger of authenticated flight plans and validates the position and other parameters of the associated aircraft identifier against the flight paths/routes that are stored in the blockchain ledger.

Design/methodology/approach

ADS-B is the key technology that is mandated by Federal Aviation Administration in USA by 2020. However, ADS-B data is neither encrypted nor authenticated. This paper proposes a novel solution using blockchain to secure the ADS-B data communications and in-depth analysis of existing solutions covering the following aspects: classification of various possible attacks on ADS-B. Presents various solutions proposed by different researchers regarding use of blockchain in aviation industry. Discuss a new solution to secure ADS-B using blockchain. Discuss the high-level architectural framework of the proposed and patented solution. Finally, presents the conclusions and future work scope.

Findings

While the main intention of this paper is to bring together all the existing solutions using blockchain to secure aviation and ADS-B data at one place, the proposed novel solution could contribute to maintaining security and privacy for aircrafts flying in the airspace at any point in time. Continuously securing the ADS-B data transmissions based upon the filed flight plans in real time can provide a mechanism to identify spoofed aircraft messages and communicate the same to ground stations for authentication of existence of such a malicious aircraft. Thus, this solution also differs from all the existing ones.

Practical implications

As aviation industry is in its infancy stage in implementing blockchain-based solutions, practical implementation of the proposed concept might take longer.

Originality/value

This paper is a comprehensive survey and review paper. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first of its kind that presents various use cases for usage of blockchain in aviation industry along with a detailed review of existing proposed or implemented solutions using blockchain to secure ADS-B data. This can serve as an invaluable reference for the future researchers on this topic in both industry and academia.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 95 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1748-8842

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access

Abstract

Details

Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing and Special Equipment, vol. 4 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2633-6596

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