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This research article aims to prioritize the risks associated with the implementation of the project-based learning (PBL) concept in engineering institutions and develop possible strategies for risk management.

In this research article, various risks associated with the implementation of the PBL concept in engineering institutions are discovered by taking inputs from academicians and performing a literature survey of peer-reviewed journal articles. Then, identified risks are prioritized by using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. Finally, the risk mitigation strategies are developed.

From the literature survey, 11 risks associated with the implementation of the PBL concept are identified. The TOPSIS method resulted in group dynamics risk and faculty training risk as the top two risks in the implementation of the PBL concept, whereas anxiety risk and poor prior learning experience risk are relatively low-ranked risks.

The outcome of the research is based on the responses received through questionnaires. There are other methods also available for risk analysis, which are beyond this study.

The outcome of this research work will help the implementer of the PBL concept to effectively deal with the risks involved in implementing the PBL concept in engineering institutions by adopting strategies.

This research paper gives an idea about risks associated with the PBL implementation in engineering institutions. Also, this paper uses TOPSIS method for ranking of identified risks.

This paper aims to focus on research work related to metamaterial-based sensors for material characterization that have been developed for past ten years. A decade of research on metamaterial for sensing application has led to the advancement of compact and improved sensors.

In this study, relevant research papers on metamaterial sensors for material characterization published in reputed journals during the period 2007-2018 were reviewed, particularly focusing on shape, size and nature of materials characterized. Each sensor with its design and performance parameters have been summarized and discussed here.

As metamaterial structures are excited by electromagnetic wave interaction, sensing application throughout electromagnetic spectrum is possible. Recent advancement in fabrication techniques and improvement in metamaterial structures have led to the development of compact, label free and reversible sensors with high sensitivity.

The paper provides useful information on the development of metamaterial sensors for material characterization.

This study systematically reviews the role of decentralized finance (DeFi) in enhancing the quality, affordability, access and usage of financial services, specifically targeting underserved populations. The aim is to investigate DeFi’s potential in addressing financial exclusion and promoting global financial inclusion.

A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing 67 peer-reviewed articles. The review focused on extracting actionable insights and recommendations regarding DeFi’s impact on financial inclusion.

The study reveals that DeFi, through the utilization of blockchain technology, can significantly improve accessibility, affordability and usability of financial services. By eliminating intermediaries and reducing entry barriers, DeFi platforms democratize finance and support financial inclusion on a global scale. The research identifies specific mechanisms through which DeFi can enhance financial services for marginalized communities, including decentralized lending, digital wallets and blockchain-based remittances.

The study is constrained by the current literature and data availability on DeFi’s impact on financial inclusion. Future research should explore the scalability, sustainability and long-term effects of DeFi solutions in diverse contexts.

This research uniquely contributes to the literature by examining the intersection of DeFi and financial inclusion, providing innovative approaches to overcoming financial exclusion. The study highlights DeFi’s potential to transform financial services and empower underserved populations economically.