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Article
Publication date: 20 August 2019

Chinmoy Bandyopadhyay and Subhasis Ray

The purpose of this paper is to review existing literature on marketing in social enterprises (SEs). It identifies major trends and issues and highlights gaps in the existing…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review existing literature on marketing in social enterprises (SEs). It identifies major trends and issues and highlights gaps in the existing knowledge base on social enterprise marketing (SEM).

Design/methodology/approach

Relevant articles on SEM were searched, following the PRISMA framework, in online databases using keywords and phrases like “marketing in social enterprises,” “marketing strategy/practice in social enterprises,” “social enterprise marketing” and “business practices in social enterprises.” After screening and checking for eligibility, 47 significant articles published in 21 peer-reviewed journals during 1995–2018 were selected for review.

Findings

The findings suggest that marketing in SEs has different issues and challenges when compared to marketing practices adopted by conventional business organizations. They are forced to address the varied expectations of the stakeholders in a resource-constrained situation, which creates problems for them. The review also highlights the fact that resource constraints, legacy mindset, and lack of marketing skills limit the impact of marketing practices in SEs. To address these issues, many social entrepreneurs survive through cost-effective marketing techniques.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first effort to identify and analyze extant literature in SEM. The resultant themes and research gaps highlight the current status of SEM literature. The paper can help SEs to understand and plan their marketing activities for better impact and profitability. Future research can draw on the findings of this review.

Details

Marketing Intelligence & Planning, vol. 38 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-4503

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Article
Publication date: 6 September 2021

Archana Preeti Voola, Subhasis Ray and Ranjit Voola

The purpose of this paper is to expand the theoretical understanding of social inclusion of vulnerable populations. Employing cross disciplinary literature from marketing and…

353

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to expand the theoretical understanding of social inclusion of vulnerable populations. Employing cross disciplinary literature from marketing and social policy, this paper examines the factors shaping internal migrant workers experience of inclusion and vulnerability in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a review of social inclusion and consumer vulnerability literature to develop a new and innovative conceptual framework which operationalises social inclusion. This framework was then examined using an illustrative case study of internal migrant worker crisis in India. Data for the case were collected from various national and international media, government and non-government reports published in English on the pandemic related migrant crisis in India.

Findings

Access and control over food was fraught with barriers for migrant workers. As the lockdown progressed, access to and control over work opportunities was precarious. Furthermore, the resource-control constraints faced by migrant workers in terms of food, work and transport had a direct impact on their experience of social inclusion. Lastly, the stranded migrant workers found themselves unable to fully participate in economic activities.

Originality/value

To the authors’ knowledge this is the first paper that integrates consumer vulnerability concept, originating in marketing scholarship into the social inclusion framework. This allowed for anchoring the “aspirational goals” of social inclusion into the concrete context of consumers and marketplaces.

Details

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, vol. 41 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-7149

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Article
Publication date: 30 August 2021

M. Deniz Dalman and Subhasis Ray

There are vast opportunities for nonprofit organizations (NPOs) globally to find support for international humanitarian causes. However, donors/consumers are not always willing to…

677

Abstract

Purpose

There are vast opportunities for nonprofit organizations (NPOs) globally to find support for international humanitarian causes. However, donors/consumers are not always willing to contribute for such causes. This study aims to investigate how potential donor perceptions are shaped to gain wider support and aims to build a model that could guide managers of NPOs in their communication strategy.

Design/methodology/approach

Two scenario-based experiments with the participation of graduate students from an Indian university were conducted.

Findings

Cosmopolitan people have the higher moral judgment of the international causes championed by NPOs. However, anthropomorphizing the NPO’s message elevates the moral judgments among non-cosmopolitans. Process tests indicate that these moral judgments indirectly impact donation intentions for these causes.

Research limitations/implications

The paper only investigates donation intention for poverty and not humanitarian causes such as access to drinking water. Moreover, the campaign chosen takes place only in Africa (e.g. not in Asia or Latin America).

Practical implications

NPOs could tailor their marketing messages for international humanitarian causes by targeting cosmopolitan donors/consumers and using humanization as the branding strategy.

Originality/value

This research contributes to theory by showing how consumers who would otherwise not contribute to an out-group could be influenced positively by the NPOs’ branding strategy.

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Book part
Publication date: 9 June 2022

Chinmoy Bandyopadhyay and Subhasis Ray

Social enterprises are increasingly recognized as a new form of organization (combining social and business goals) providing innovative and scalable solutions to widespread and…

Abstract

Social enterprises are increasingly recognized as a new form of organization (combining social and business goals) providing innovative and scalable solutions to widespread and complex socioenvironmental problems. Yet, they often struggle to keep themselves afloat due to the difficulty in accessing required resources. Networking approaches provide social enterprises with cost-effective ways to fulfill these resource requirements. Such approaches, although useful, give rise to dilemmas while building ties with both financial and non-financial actors. Although much research has been conducted on social enterprise networking or partnerships, little is known about how social enterprises address such dilemmas. This chapter explores how do social entrepreneurs address moral dilemmas while networking with key stakeholders? To answer this question, we analyze the existing literature to understand the networking strategies adopted and the moral dilemmas experienced by the social entrepreneurs. Based on our review of literature, we present four kinds of social enterprises in terms of their networking situations and choices: (1) secluded saints (less known and less connected; high on moral values); (2) secluded devils (less known and less connected; low on moral values); (3) saints waving at the devils (well known and well connected; low on moral values); (4) saints in the pack of devils (well known and well connected; high on moral values). These categories are used to explain how social enterprises with different values, interact with and use their networks for different purposes. We discuss the possible consequences of each strategy and keep the question, how to reach the state of “successful saints,” open for future research. By presenting these different networking situations, our matrix sheds new lights on different social entrepreneurial networking options and their possible outcomes. This can act as a guide and a cautionary note, not only for the social enterprises but also for any hybrid organizations dealing with conflicting networking choices.

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Book part
Publication date: 23 August 2023

Subhasis Ray

Global warming and climate change have created an urgency for change in the global system. This change is envisaged through regulations, financing, policies, technology and…

Abstract

Global warming and climate change have created an urgency for change in the global system. This change is envisaged through regulations, financing, policies, technology and innovations related to all of them. In this chapter, I argue that such a techno-centric, piecemeal, mechanistic and transactional approach is bound to fail unless we have a spiritual foundation and a sustainable community building strategy. All work of the society ultimately aims for a group of people living together harmoniously. Thus, sustainability transition has to be founded on commonalities of consciousness often found in ‘intentional’ communities – a group of people bounded by a common aspiration/faith and living together. The chapter analyses the case of Auroville, located in Puducherry, India, and its 54-year history to draw conclusions about sustainable community building and discuss its implication for a low-carbon, equitable, net-zero society.

Details

Strategic Corporate Responsibility and Green Management
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80071-446-5

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Book part
Publication date: 18 April 2022

Subhasis Ray and Eshani Beddewela

In recent times the government has emerged as an enabling and empowering facilitator promoting the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by businesses to leverage…

Abstract

In recent times the government has emerged as an enabling and empowering facilitator promoting the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by businesses to leverage economic competitiveness and growth. India provides a unique context to explore the mandated role of government in relation to CSR specifically within the context of understanding its effective use to resolve grand challenges which the country is facing at present. Grand challenges are complex social, economic and environmental problems which require innovative and collaborative solutions. In this chapter we explore extant secondary data, related to CSR and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to examine whether mandatory CSR implementation which has been unfolding in India over the last few years has been effective in addressing India's grand challenges. Specifically, it focuses on the role of the Indian government, at the national and state levels, in directing CSR activities towards the SDGs.

Details

The Equal Pillars of Sustainability
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80382-066-8

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Article
Publication date: 10 July 2009

Subhasis Ray and David Lowther

The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel multi‐objective optimization algorithm which takes into account the uncertainty in design parameters by using a reduced resolution…

229

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel multi‐objective optimization algorithm which takes into account the uncertainty in design parameters by using a reduced resolution for their representation, thus implementing a simple form of robustness. Additionally, the number of function evaluations should be minimized.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed approach is based on an elitist evolutionary algorithm coupled with a reduction in the number of significant figures used to represent design parameters. In effect, this becomes a filter in the optimization process and allows the system to avoid extremely sharp optima within the search space. By reducing the resolution of the search and maintaining a full archive of previous solutions, the number of evaluations of the objective functions, each of which may require an expensive numerical solution, is reduced.

Findings

The algorithm was tested both on an algebraic test function and on two TEAM Workshop Problems (22 and 25). The results demonstrated that it is stable; can emerge from deceptive fronts; and find optimal solutions which match those previously published at a relatively low‐computational cost.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper lies in the concept of using a low‐resolution representation of the design parameters. This results in a finite size search space and increases the speed of the algorithm while avoiding non‐manufacturable solutions.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 28 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

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Article
Publication date: 11 September 2007

Subhasis Ray and Amitava Mukherjee

The purpose of this paper is to explore the route map for employing efficient e‐governance so that at least existing resource and infrastructure are better utilized and…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the route map for employing efficient e‐governance so that at least existing resource and infrastructure are better utilized and deficiencies are tracked for future planning. National health is one of the most important factors in a country's economic growth. India seems to be a victim of the vicious cycle around poor economy and poor health conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

A detailed study was carried out to find out India's healthcare infrastructure and its standing in e‐governance initiatives. After consolidating the fact that effective e‐governance can enhance the quality of healthcare service even within limited resources, authors explored success and failure factors of many e‐governance initiatives in India and abroad. Finally, an e‐governance framework is suggested based on the above factors together with the authors' own experience of implementing e‐governance projects in India and abroad.

Findings

The suggested framework is based on a phased implementation approach. The first phase “Information Dissemination” is more geared towards breaking the “digital divide” across three dimensions: G2Business; G2Citizen; and G2Agent. The most advanced stage is aimed towards joining up healthcare information across the above three dimensions and drawing meaningful analytics out of it. The recommendations also include management of Policies, Scope, Process Reform, Infrastructure, Technology, Finance, Partnership and People for efficient implementation of such e‐governance initiatives.

Research limitations/implications

The paper provides measures for continuous evaluation of systems as one passes through various stages of implementation. However, the framework can be tested on real or simulated environment to prove its worthiness.

Practical implications

This paper can be a potential frame of reference for nation‐wide e‐healthcare projects not only in India but also in other developing countries. The paper also describes challenges that are most likely to be faced during implementation.

Originality/value

Since the paper is practical in nature, the real appeal will be to practitioners who are responsible for implementation of large e‐governance initiatives for improving healthcare services.

Details

International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, vol. 20 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0952-6862

Keywords

Available. Content available
Book part
Publication date: 9 June 2022

Free Access. Free Access

Abstract

Details

Social Entrepreneurs
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80382-101-6

Available. Content available
Book part
Publication date: 18 April 2022

Free Access. Free Access

Abstract

Details

The Equal Pillars of Sustainability
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80382-066-8

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