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This chapter explores the work of Stephen Bunker through a review of the role of women in Amazonian extractive economies and how shifting ideas of development affected them in the…
Abstract
This chapter explores the work of Stephen Bunker through a review of the role of women in Amazonian extractive economies and how shifting ideas of development affected them in the Western Amazon. While the initial development programs for Extractive Reserves focused on green marketing, consumer coops and value added through processing carried out in an urban factory in the village of Xapuri, as structural adjustment programs gained importance, the development emphasis shifted to decentralized processing and piecemeal contracts on the individual seringal (rubber tapping estate) or in mini factories in forests. While this was an appealing approach given the kinds of development concerns at the time; non-timber forest products, income generation for women in the forest itself, and neoliberal ideologies of economic and labor decentralization, it failed to appreciate the demands and the opportunity costs on women's time in rural areas and underestimated the importance of formal employment in urban areas. The logics on which the shift was justified, enhanced production, efficiency and lower costs, did not materialize.
Dan Qiu, Noshir A. Langrana, Stephen C. Danforth, Ahmad Safari and Mohsen Jafari
To fabricate high quality parts, and to make the development generic yet compatible with the in‐house hardware, a virtual simulation system has been developed, and an in‐house…
Abstract
To fabricate high quality parts, and to make the development generic yet compatible with the in‐house hardware, a virtual simulation system has been developed, and an in‐house intelligent multi‐material toolpath generation system has been under development. This new development includes the issues such as multiple fill‐toolpaths for the same material, interface mismatch between adjacent materials and the intelligent toolpath features for machine control. After the multi‐material toolpath file generated by the in‐house software, the existing virtual graphical simulation as well as well selected part fabrication experiments were used to validate it. Based on the authors’ ongoing research about multi‐material layered manufacturing, it was determined that the build characteristic was heavily dependent on the material being used. Therefore, it was important to develop the hardware/software that will accommodate this requirement.
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Jacob Ademola Sonibare, Jamiu Adetayo Adeniran, Bamidele Sunday Fakinle, Ismaila O. Latinwo, Lukuman Adekilekun Jimoda and Olusesan Abel Olu-Arotiowa
– The aim of this paper is to investigate the impacts of the noise from the diesel engine power generators used for production activities in an urban environment.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to investigate the impacts of the noise from the diesel engine power generators used for production activities in an urban environment.
Design/methodology/approach
This study has used the Enterprise Edition of NoiseMap 2000 Version 2.7.1 to investigate the impacts of the noise from the diesel engines electric power generators used in a factory in Ikorodu, an urban environment in Lagos, Nigeria. Five sections of the factory with diesel engines electric power generators were considered. The immediate and distant environments covering about 10 km of the factory host environment were considered as receptors to the noise for this study.
Findings
It was found out that when all the generators operate simultaneously in the factory, the ambient noise was 30.0-152.5 dB(A) with the minimum contribution within the factory being 70.0-84.4 dB(A) and the maximum contribution of 57.2-70.8 dB(A) outside the factory fence line. Though the maximum noise is 152.5 dB(A), the maximum noise of 70.8 dB(A) beyond the fence line shows a compliance with 70 dB(A) industrial and commercial area limit but breaches the 45 dB(A) and 55 dB(A) residential area limit of the World Bank.
Research limitations/implications
As much as it would be desirable ambient noise level could not be measured in all the receptors’ locations covered by the modeling. However, the capability of the modeling software adopted makes this to have no negative impact on the quality of the findings of this study.
Practical implications
The study will assist the public to determine the noise level safe region around diesel engine electric power generators.
Originality/value
The paper highlights the challenges in which ambient noise from the use of off-grid generators used for industrial purposes could pose to the neighboring receptor environments.
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Hong Beng Yeoh, Chooi Yi Wei, Surindar Kaur and Malvin Kaur
As the world is embarking on Industry Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), employers demand more learning and soft skills from graduates to adapt to agile and disruptive work environments…
Abstract
Purpose
As the world is embarking on Industry Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), employers demand more learning and soft skills from graduates to adapt to agile and disruptive work environments. Hence, 21st century learning skills are vital for sustainable career advancement in the current job paradigm shift initiated by IR 4.0-driven technologies. This research examines inter-relationships among 21st century skills and their effects on tertiary learners’ readiness for future employment in IR 4.0 era.
Design/methodology/approach
The quantitative research methodology with a questionnaire survey is used. Question items in the questionnaire were adapted from past studies. A sample of tertiary learners who are currently pursuing their final year degree programs in a comprehensive university are recruited using a multi-staged cluster sampling technique. Partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is applied to analyze data collected from 174 respondents.
Findings
The research findings reveal that tertiary learners’ critical thinking and problem-solving skills significantly influence their perceived readiness to face future employment in IR 4.0 era. Tertiary learners’ communication skills facilitate better collaboration skills that directly influence their problem-solving skills. Their critical thinking skills partially mediate the effect of tertiary learners’ creativity skills on their problem-solving skills.
Originality/value
These research findings provide insights into the inter-relationships among 21st century learning skills that significantly influence tertiary learners’ readiness for their future careers so that stakeholders, including tertiary learners, lecturers and higher education policymakers, can work hand-in-hand toward enhancing employability among fresh graduates in IR 4.0 era.
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Palie Smart, Stefan Hemel, Fiona Lettice, Richard Adams and Stephen Evans
The purpose of this paper is to progress operations management theory and practice by organising contributions to knowledge production, in industrial sustainability, from…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to progress operations management theory and practice by organising contributions to knowledge production, in industrial sustainability, from disparate researcher communities. It addresses the principal question “What scholarly dialogues can be explicated in the emerging research field of industrial sustainability?” and sub-questions: what are the descriptive characteristics of the evidence base? and what thematic lines of scientific inquiry underpin the body of knowledge?
Design/methodology/approach
Using an evidenced-based approach, a systematic review (SR) of 574 articles from 62 peer-reviewed scientific journals associated with industrial sustainability is conducted.
Findings
This paper distinguishes three prevailing dialogues in the field of industrial sustainability, and uses Kuhn’s theory of paradigms to propose its pre-paradigmatic scientific status. The three dialogues: “productivity and innovation”, “corporate citizenship” and “economic resilience” are conjectured to privilege efficiency strategies as a mode of incremental reductionism. Industrial sustainability espouses the grand vision of a generative, restorative and net positive economy, and calls for a future research trajectory to address institutional and systemic issues regarding scaling-up and transition, through transformative strategies.
Research limitations/implications
The review is limited by the nature of the inquiries addressed in the literatures by specific researcher communities between 1992 and 2014.
Originality/value
This study performs the first SR in the field of industrial sustainability, synthesises prevailing scholarly dialogues and provides an evaluation of the scientific status of the field.