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In terms of the concept of broken home as a juvenile delinquency risk factor, whilst Nigeria and Ghana are culturally different from western nations (Gyekye, 1996; Hofstede, 1980; Smith, 2004), parental death (PDE) and parental divorce (PDI) have been previously taken-for-granted as one factor, that is ‘broken home’. This paper aims to deconstruct the singular model of ‘broken home’ and propose a binary model – the parental death and parental divorce hypotheses, with unique variables inherent in Nigerian/Ghanaian context.

It principally deploys the application of Goffman’s (1967) theory of stigma, anthropological insights on burial rites and other social facts (Gyekye, 1996; Mazzucato et al., 2006; Smith, 2004) to tease out diversity and complexity of lives across cultures, which specifically represent a binary model of broken home in Nigeria/Ghana. It slightly appraises post-colonial insights on decolonization (Agozino, 2003; Said, 1994) to interrogate both marginalized and mainstream literature.

Thus far, analyses have challenged the homogenization of the concept broken home in existing literature. Qualitatively unlike in the ‘West’, analyses have identified the varying meanings/consequences of parental divorce and parental death in Nigeria/Ghana.

Unlike existing data, this paper has contrasted the differential impacts of parental death and parental divorce with more refined variables (e.g. the sociocultural penalties of divorce such as stigma in terms of parental divorce and other social facts such as burial ceremonies, kinship nurturing, in relation to parental death), which helped to fill in the missing gap in comparative criminology literature.

This article describes the National Social Inclusion Programme's Communities of Influence workstream, the premises on which it was founded, the innovative social inclusion practice it proposed, what was learned and how the work will be taken forwards in the future.

When celebrating with newly-weds on their wedding day, many would imagine the best way to enjoy the day at its best would be to invite and include all members of the family, including the youngest. However, unlike adult guests who will usually happily enjoy the food and drink offered alongside any entertainment, children can be trickier to keep safe and happy all day long as their boredom threshold may well be lower than their adult counterparts and their needs more complex. There has long been a difficult debate over whether children bring unwanted stress to wedding plans or actually enhance the fun and celebration wished for. This chapter discusses all sides of an emotive argument of whether children should be invited to weddings and wedding receptions and how we might ensure their presence is enjoyable for all including the young person themselves.

This article aims to highlight the stigmatization attached to the unemployment of educated youth in rural regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

The study explicates the subjective experiences of the youth as being unemployed and societal attitudes toward them through an in-depth qualitative approach. A total of 30 unemployed male individuals were interviewed through an interview guide.

The study reveals that unemployed individuals are stigmatized and discriminately treated. They experience the difference in social support from their family and friends during unemployment, which is a discouraging aspect. This finding is in contrast to the existing literature on the subject in which family and friends are described as a major source of social support. As the study is conducted in the rural context, it is observed that local factors coupled with the joint family system have intensified negative attitudes toward the unemployed youth. Subsequently, the negative societal treatment serves as a factor for psychological challenges in their lives.

This article serves the need of exploring the experiences of unemployed individuals precisely in the Pakistani context.

To introduce a model which examines the relationship between recruiters’ perceptions of image and the stigma of image norms.

This paper examines the influence of image norms on recruiters’ perceptions of applicants during interviews and explores the manner in which recruiters may stigmatize applicants. A model is presented which explores how image norms may be used to stigmatize applicants and affect recruiters’ decisions.

Image norms are found to have an influence on recruiters’ evaluations of applicants during the interview process.

Empirical tests of the model are suggested to illustrate how image norm violations lead to stigmatization during the recruitment process.

Applicants who are denied entry into organizations on the basis of their appearance or image, experience a subtle, yet unacceptable form of employment discrimination. Organizations need to ensure that they are not excluding potential employees who do not meet the image norm expectations of recruiters. Organizations need to make sure that the image norms used to evaluate applicants are not a proxy for discrimination based on protected characteristics.

This paper looks at image, a broader construct than physical attractiveness, to ensure equal opportunities for everyone. This is the first paper to consider the discriminatory effects of image in organizations.

This paper aims to examine whether the number of employment discrimination laws in a country influences voice and accountability.

The authors compared the number of employment discrimination laws in different countries to perceptions of voice and accountability.

Results indicate that the number of discrimination laws enacted in a country has a positive impact on the voice and accountability perceptions of citizens. Further, this relationship is found to be moderated by two contextual factors: cultural assertiveness and the percentage of females in the population. Specifically, the positive impact of the number of discrimination laws on voice and accountability perceptions was found to be stronger in highly assertive cultures and in countries with a lower percentage of females in the population.

This is the first study to show a relationship between the number of employment discrimination laws in a country and perceptions of voice and accountability.

This case study is developed from financial reports, regulatory filings and news sources to explore the dynamics and outcomes of the partnership between Evolve Bank & Trust (Evolve) and Synapse Financial Technologies, Inc. (Synapse), a bank–fintech arrangement. Evolve’s annual financial statements were analyzed. These documents provided a comprehensive view of the bank’s financial health and the impacts of the fintech collaboration on deposit growth and risk exposure. Financial data related to Evolve’s operations industry were gathered from reliable databases such as those provided by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation BankFind Suite. This included performance indicators, competitive pressures and market trends influencing the bank’s strategies and partnership outcomes. Major financial news outlets such as Bloomberg, CNBC, Forbes, S&P Global and other government and industry-specific publications and databases, such as the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, were used to understand the external market conditions and regulatory challenges that arose throughout the partnership between Evolve and Synapse. This multi-source approach ensures that the case study offers a comprehensive analysis of both internal financial performance and the broader market environment in which Evolve during its partnership with Synapse.

The present competitive environment smaller financial institutions face, coupled with regulatory gaps applicable to both traditional banks and financial technology (fintech) firms, plays a significant role in increasing regulatory scrutiny of bank–fintech partnerships. Evolve strategically positioned itself to capitalize on the growing fintech revolution by forming innovating banking-as-a-service partnerships to extend regulated banking products to millions of fintech customers. Evolve’s most crucial fintech partnership came in 2017 with Synapse. This partnership helped Evolve triple its deposits from $436m to $1.5bn between 2019 and 2023.

Evolve–Synapse’s partnership exposed significant operational, financial and regulatory risks. Synapse’s unilateral revocation of Evolve’s dashboard access prompted Evolve to freeze account activities and revealed an $85m discrepancy between the $180m in customer funds held by partner banks and $265m owed to customers. Over 100,000 Americans were unable to access their accounts, affecting approximately $265m in deposits. Evolve’s overreliance on Synapse to manage fintech relationships left it vulnerable to third-party failures and regulatory scrutiny. This scrutiny highlighted the shortcomings and greater need for regulatory oversight of bank–fintech partnerships.

Did Evolve fail to adequately safeguard customer deposits? It is clear that the bank’s actions and inactions played a significant role in the current crisis. The insufficient regulatory oversight partially explains the inadequate implementation of risk management practices and customer compliance protocols by banks and financial technology firms compromising the financial system’s stability. As of early July 2024, no definitive solution had been reached and is projected that fund distribution will not be completed until October 18, 2024.

This case study is suitable for courses focused on financial markets, fintech innovation, risk management and regulatory frameworks within the banking industry. Students studying finance, banking, business administration or regulatory affairs, as well as participants in executive education programs focused on banking innovation or financial services, will benefit. This case is appropriate for courses in Financial Markets and Institutions with a particular focus on fintech and depositary regulation. A course in Money and Banking may also find this case relevant. Before starting, it is assumed that students have already taken foundational finance courses and macroeconomics courses and have a foundational understanding of financial statement analysis.

The purpose of this paper is to make visible the relationship between accounting and stigma in the absence of accounting. This research examines how failure to implement mandatory accounting and auditing requirements in the management of indigenous wages contributed to stigmatisation of indigenous Australians and led to maladministration and unchecked financial fraud that continued for over 75 years. The accounting failures are by those charged with protecting the financial interests of the indigenous population.

An historical and qualitative approach has been used that draws upon archival and contemporary sources.

Prior research has examined the nexus between accounting mechanisms and stigma. This research suggests that the absence of accounting mechanisms can also contribute to stigma.

This research highlights the complex relationship between accounting and stigma, suggesting that it is simplistic to examine the nexus between accounting and stigma without considering the social forces in which stigmatisation occurs.

This research demonstrates decades of failed accounting have contributed to the ongoing social disadvantage of indigenous Australians. The presence of accounting mechanisms cannot eradicate the past, or fix the present, but can create an environment where financial abuse does not occur.

This research demonstrates that stigma can be exacerbated in the negative space created by failures or absence of accounting.