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The purpose of this paper is to introduce a prospective market monitoring system (MMS) for surveillance of Indian power market using a set of new market monitoring indices.

It is necessary for the system regulators and policy makers to identify the potential market power and find ways to mitigate them to improve the market efficiency. The simple way to curb market power is the capping of bidding price to several times the average price of electricity. However, this approach is not ideal as it could mask the real market trading situation. The best way for the regulator is to identify which particular generators are exercising market power and deal with them individually.

Identification of major activities under MMS and effectiveness of new market indices have been established through quantitative analysis.

The MMS will provide in‐time warning signals and identify the suppliers taking maximum unfair advantage which needs intense scrutiny by monitoring unit.

Very few works have discussed detail market monitoring issues for the markets those are in their early stages of development like Indian electricity market. Indian Energy Exchange as a first power exchange in India became operative from June 2008, therefore, it is very important to develop an effective MMS.

The purpose of this paper is to develop an optimal bidding strategy for a generation company (GenCo) in the network constrained electricity markets and to analyze the impact of network constraints and opponents bidding behavior on it.

A bi‐level programming (BLP) technique is formulated in which upper level problem represents an individual GenCo payoff maximization and the lower level represents the independent system operator's market clearing problem for minimizing customers' payments. The objective function of BLP problem used for bidding strategy by economic withholding is highly nonlinear, and there are complementarity terms to represent the market clearing. Fuzzy adaptive particle swarm optimization (FAPSO), which is a modern heuristic approach, is applied to obtain the global solution of the proposed BLP problem for single hourly and multi‐hourly market clearings. Opponents' bidding behavior is modeled with probabilistic estimation.

It is very difficult to obtain the global solution of this BLP problem using the deterministic approaches, even for a single hourly market clearing. However, the effectiveness of this new heuristic approach (FAPSO) has been established with four simulation cases on IEEE 30‐bus test system considering multi‐block bidding and multi‐hourly market clearings. The joint effect of network congestion and strategic bidding by opponents offer additional opportunities of increase in payoff of a GenCo.

FAPSO having dynamically adjusted particle swarm optimization inertia weight uses fuzzy evaluation to effectively follow the frequently changing conditions in the successive trading sessions of a real electricity market. This approach is applied to find the optimal bidding strategy of a GenCo competing with five GenCos in IEEE 30‐bus test system.

This paper is possibly the first attempt to evaluate an optimal bidding strategy for a GenCo through economic withholding in a network constrained electricity market using FAPSO.

In line with global initiatives, the state of Kerala in southern India is actively working towards formalizing its informal solid waste management (SWM) sector. Despite this, there is a dearth of studies on formalization processes, particularly focusing on the conditions of workers within this sector. This study addresses the gap by examining the challenges faced by women workers operating within the formalized framework of Kerala’s SWM sector. It aimed to investigate challenges faced by grassroots women workers in Kerala’s SWM sector during its transition from informal to formal, identifying gaps in the process through their experiences. Using a qualitative methodology, the research gathered data from 10 women workers in the SWM sector in Kozhikode, Kerala, who were part of the Haritha Karma Sena (green task force). Thematic analysis of in-depth interviews revealed two major challenges faced by these women. Firstly, there was a negative societal perception towards them, and secondly, there was a lack of appropriate state response to their needs and requirements. These challenges were attributed to gaps and pitfalls in the formalization process, leading to a lowered socio-economic status for the women, increased vulnerability to health hazards, and societal stigma. The findings underscore the need for significant improvements in the formalization process of Kerala’s waste management sector. The study advocates for targeted policy interventions to enhance the working conditions of SWM workers, emphasizing the importance of expediting and streamlining the formalization process. This, in turn, would contribute to the overall effectiveness of the SWM system in the state.