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The purpose of this study is to test the Internet of things (IoT) devices with respect to reliability and quality.

In this paper, the authors have presented the analysis on design metrics such as perception, communication and computation layers for a constrained environment. In this paper, based on their literature survey, the authors have also presented a study that shows multipath routing is more efficient than single-path, and the retransmission mechanism is not preferable in an IoT environment.

This paper discusses the reliability of various layers of IoT subject methodologies used in those layers. The authors ran performance tests on Arduino nano and raspberry pi using the AES-128 algorithm. It was empirically determined that the time required to process a message increases exponentially and is more than what benchmark time estimates as the message size is increased. From these results, the authors can accurately determine the optimal size of the message that can be processed by an IoT system employing controllers, which are running 8-bit or 64-bit architectures.

The authors have tested the performance of standard security algorithms on different computational architectures and discuss the implications of the results. Empirical results demonstrate that encryption and decryption times increase nonlinearly rather than linearly as message size increases.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) was mandated and institutionalised in India through the Companies Act (2013), a decade ago. It is critical to understand the priorities of the models used by the companies to effectuate their CSR policy. This paper aims to understand the skewing of interest towards Education and Health interventions. The paper then proposes a framework to cross-level and effectuate CSR programme implementation.

The qualitative study conducted in-depth interviews of the stakeholders from the CSR environment. The findings are used to derive a model to effectuate CSR in India.

The findings may be divided into two sub-themes – (a) observations from the field study and (b) integrated solution ecosystem (ISE) framework. The qualitative study and the insights form the first component. The proposed framework which can enhance the efficiency of CSR practices may be found in the second sub-theme.

Operationalisation of the proposed model, if adopted would require integrated efforts from multiple functional departments which could lead to an extended timeframe for implementation. This may eventually lead to a need to revise the model in the making. The research could also include perspectives from governmental stakeholders which is missing here.

The emerging model can present an opportunity for corporates and policymakers to revisit the CSR structure and frameworks. It can also be used to evaluate and audit the CSR practices of companies.

The ISE posits a bunch of actionable themes which can deliver an impactful transition from the existing approach to CSR to a more far reaching one. While the ground rules are revisited, the approach also allows a critical departure from a corporate-driven model of engagement with the community. The modifications or corrections in this model would also mean a more inclusive layering of developmental interventions. The diversity which could potentially be brought in to designing interventions can be another key impact.

This paper presents insights for some of the pivotal stakeholders of CSR in countries like India. It presents a possible model of effective and optimal utilisation of CSR spending.