Sonika Pandey, Amrita Poonia and Suman Rai
To overcome the need of seasonal fruit ber, consumers prefer to use fruits in such a form that can be prepared easily or consumed instantly. By transforming them into powders…
Abstract
Purpose
To overcome the need of seasonal fruit ber, consumers prefer to use fruits in such a form that can be prepared easily or consumed instantly. By transforming them into powders, they can be effortlessly attained as well as preserved, stored and processed.
Design/methodology/approach
To optimize the spray drying conditions for development of ber fruit powder, response surface methodology was used. The experimental design consisted of 13 runs. The levels of independent variables, i.e. inlet air temperature, varied from 153.79ºC to 196.21ºC and maltodextrin concentration, from 4.17 to 9.83 per cent. The responses were moisture content, bulk density, solubility, vitamin C, ΔE and L value.
Findings
The second-order polynomial model fitted for moisture content, bulk density, solubility, vitamin C, ΔE and L value was highly significant (p < 0.001) for each response. The inlet air temperature showed maximum influence on moisture content, bulk density, solubility and vitamin C, whereas the maltodextrin concentration showed maximum influence on bulk density, solubility, ΔE and L value. The predicted values were attained as moisture 4.90 per cent, bulk density 0.35g/ml, solubility 89.11 per cent, vitamin C 91.06mg/100g, ΔE 31.03 and L 87.78. The recommended optimum spray drying conditions were inlet air temperature and maltodextrin concentration of 166.64°C and 9.26 per cent, respectively.
Originality/value
Spray drying of the underused Indian fruit ber has enhanced its utility. Ber powder can further be used as an instant beverage, in sweets, as a flavoring agent and in soft drinks.
Details
Keywords
Ruchika Dawar, Sonika Siwach and Sapna Sehrawat
E-commerce in India has been experiencing remarkable growth, successfully changing the way people transact. The pandemic has accelerated the shift towards a more digital world and…
Abstract
E-commerce in India has been experiencing remarkable growth, successfully changing the way people transact. The pandemic has accelerated the shift towards a more digital world and triggered changes in online shopping behaviours that are likely to have lasting effects. Social media has become integral to the teen market online shopping experience. Food and clothing are the primary sources of expenditure in teenagers, followed by health and personal care for girls and video games for boys. 42% of adolescent spending is directed to social uses, such as food, video games, music, movies, events and books. 38% of their expenses are related to clothing, accessories or shoes and 15% to beauty and personal care. The research was conducted to study factors that affected the teen age group in shopping online. This inquisitiveness led to the formation of a questionnaire which focuses on collecting information on the current e-commerce trends of Indian teenagers. The study was conducted online in the age group ranging between 13 years and 19 years over a period spanning two weeks. The study focuses on determining gaps in the Indian Market for teenagers in order to cater them in a better way.