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We examine the relationship between board demographic diversity, board structural diversity, board capital diversity and corporate carbon performance (CCP). Additionally, we investigate how corporate sustainable resource use mediates these relationships.

We utilize unbalanced panel data from Refinitiv Eikon covering 9,960 global firms from 2002 to 2022. We conduct a panel regression analysis to examine the relationship between board demographic diversity, board structural diversity, board capital diversity and CCP. In addition, we estimate entropy balancing estimation and two-step system GMM to address endogeneity issues.

The results indicate that board demographic diversity (including tenure, gender, and cultural diversity), structural diversity (such as board independence, board size, CEO-chairman duality, board meetings, and board compensation), and capital diversity (comprising board member affiliation and specific skills) all have a positive and significant association with corporate carbon performance. Additionally, our findings reveal that corporate sustainable resource use fully mediates the relationship between board demographic diversity and CCP and partially mediates the relationship between board structural diversity, board capital diversity, and CCP.

Our study findings are based on a diverse range of global firms, ensuring that the results address the global challenges of firm-level climate change response and governance issues.

Our group diversity constructs offer new insights into the literature and further advance research on board group diversity. Additionally, for the first time, we explore the mediating role of sustainable resource use through the resource-based view (RBV) between-group diversity attributes and corporate carbon performance.

The paper aims to examine the level of agricultural credit by commercial banks and the determinants that influence the commercial banks to the increased level of agricultural credit through the pressures of the institutional environment.

The study selects seventeen sample commercial banks following the market capitalization method and investigates a total of 85 annual reports during the period from 2013 to 2017. The study conducts a pooled regression to conclude the proposed hypotheses.

The present study finding indicates that the average of agricultural credits to total credits is 2.25% among the sample commercial banks. The study finds a positive significant association between board gender diversity, foreign director, management team and agricultural credit. Furthermore, the study has found that the role of the deposit in enhancing agricultural credit is positive. On the other hand, the association between independent directors, profitability and agricultural credits is negative.

The study is based on secondary data with five firm-year observations of commercial banks. The study finding is based on commercial banks, so it should not be generalized to non-bank financial institutions.

The study emphasizes policymakers’ attention towards the level of agricultural credit and determinants that influence the level of agricultural credit by commercial banks in emerging markets.

The key contribution of the study is to focus on the reformist role of the determinants in promoting the increased level of agricultural credit in the emerging markets.

The purpose of this paper is to review the background of the theories, how they motivate corporations to engage in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and their application, focusing on the study context and corporate attributes.

The study used Google Scholar as an online database and collected 170 published academic papers via a systematic search procedure; of these, 112 papers were selected as suitable for the study purpose. The selection followed the analysis of the abstract, the paper contents including the proposition of the theories, the literature review, the theoretical framework and the hypothesis development.

The study findings indicate that the cores of the proposed theories to explore CSR are not identical. The components of theories build a social value system, which intensely motivates corporations to engage in CSR activities and voluntary disclosure practices. A thorough analysis of the characteristics of the theories demonstrates that the choice of theories to explore both an endogenous variable like CSR and exogenous variables depends on the study context and the characteristics of the corporate attributes.

The study considers only the most prominent theories in CSR research, but many other theories are also explored in CSR research. In addition, the study takes only academic papers in the English language into consideration, and the generalization of study findings is only for CSR research.

The study aims to provide guidance about the selection of theories based on the contexts and corporate attributes to explore both endogenous and exogenous variables. It draws policymakers’ attention toward the renovation and addition of motivational instruments in the context. The study also helps industry practitioners in realizing the principles and consequences of the theories and in taking strategic social and environmental obligations into consideration in their decision-making process.

This is the first attempt to conduct a literature review on the development of theories and corporate CSR engagement from 1975 to 2019, covering 112 published academic papers. A deeper understanding using theoretical conceptualization as guidance is beneficial, as it provides a strong basis for the enhancement of future CSR corporate activities.

Life insurance remains an essential part of financial and social security. The insurance penetration rate is high in the developed countries but very low in developing countries such as Malaysia, with only 4.8% penetration and extremely low underwritings. Therefore, this study aims to scrutinize the underlying determinants of a household purchase behaviour of life insurance.

The data generated from the administration of survey questionnaires to 325 households were analysed, using structural equation modelling to obtain the research purposes.

The analysis reveals that the knowledge of life insurance, attitudes towards life insurance, subjective norms (SN), trust and risk perception, affect the tendency of a household to purchase life insurance. The results of this study also highlight that households’ purchase-propensity influences the purchase behaviour of life insurance. Concurrently, the intention to purchase has mediating effects on explanatory variables and purchase behaviour.

This paper established awareness, SN, perceived behavioural control, trust and risk perception as the key determinants promoting positive attitudes towards purchasing life insurance. The findings of this study can be successfully applied to different stakeholders in a similar context. This study suggests that the managers of life insurance companies should adjust their policy guidelines in accordance with the positive relationship between the constructs and consumers’ intention to purchase life insurance.

Environmental communication has been a profession and a subject of study for decades. Communication currently revolves around the anthropogenic ecological catastrophe, which makes the field’s early self-description as a crisis discipline even more pertinent. How communication is used and perceived significantly impacts how human-caused climate disasters and other environmental and social problems develop and how solutions are offered. The phenomenon of technology has shown significant impacts on how people refer to environmental communication. While bibliometric analysis (BA) helps understand the trends, ChatGPT can generate information related to environmental communication. How are they different from each other? What are the limitations? This study aims to identify the trends and limitations of BA and ChatGPT that are associated with environmental communication.

A qualitative approach is used, which refers to BA using the Biblioshiny software (n = 867) and content analysis on ChatGPT 3.5. It uses a systematic technique for keyword search, namely, environmental and communication, from 2000 to 2022.

There has been a decrease in the scientific production of studies starting in 2021 and 2022, which is believed to be due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ChatGPT provides valuable information but is rather complimentary to BA. ChatGPT is unable to provide statistical information related to environmental communication among Scopus-indexed publications.

This study focuses on the literature published in Scopus from 2000 to 2022. The keyword is limited to “environmental” and “communication.” Besides, the choice of keywords made it specific to the studies involved in the BA, which may not include some other studies if the keywords are not listed.

The originality of the research focuses on the field of environmental communication, its evolution within previous literature and the comparison between BA and the use of ChatGPT for understanding trends and limitations within this field. The text touches upon various aspects, such as the historical context of environmental communication, the impact of technology, the trends in scientific production among Scopus journal papers and the limitations of using ChatGPT compared to BA.