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This paper aims to examine the diverse levels of corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure among Indian companies and its influence on their performance. The study aims to determine whether exceeding the mandatory CSR spending limit provides an edge to companies that outperform in enhancing corporate firm value.

A dynamic model using system generalized method of moments (GMM) was used to analyze a balanced panel data set of 191 firms over seven years, spanning from 2016 to 2022. Return on assets was used as a proxy to gauge financial performance. At the same time, the study also examined the robustness of the results by considering return on equity and Tobin’s Q as additional measures.

The study results indicate that, in a mandatory CSR setting, all companies are generally perceived as performing and reporting on CSR equally. Hence, it will not make any payoff, although few companies outperform. Therefore, companies should differentiate themselves regarding CSR spending and reporting to claim a competitive advantage in the market. The study also suggests that the payoff of mandatory CSR expenditure for both performing and outperforming companies is reflected more in non-quantifiable firm characteristics than in measurable performance metrics.

The period of study covers 7 years, i.e. 2015–2016 to 2022–2023. This may limit capturing long-term CSR practices and firm performance trends. Additionally, data from only 191 Indian companies restrict generalizability; future research should include diverse geographic regions with mandated CSR spending to provide a more comprehensive view. In subsequent studies, contextual factors like regulatory changes and macroeconomic conditions could be considered moderating variables.

The study provides valuable insights to top management, indicating that spending beyond the threshold limit of mandatory CSR spending does not enhance corporate firm value. Instead, this additional investment may yield benefits in the form of goodwill and reputation over the long term.

This study assists corporations in optimizing their CSR strategies to enhance their social and financial performance impact. Moreover, the study suggests ways to improve the CSR payoff and the need for increasing stakeholder satisfaction.

The study provides original insights into the relationship between mandatory CSR spending and firm performance in the Indian context, revealing that CSR spending does not significantly impact financial metrics, and it highlights the importance of considering a non-quantitative matrix to enhance the firm value in a mandatory CSR setting.

Commercial banks are the financial powerhouses of a nation that can create a penetrating impact at the grassroots level. This study aims to investigate the demand-side drivers of green banking purchase intention by extending the popular theory of planned behavior (TPB) model.

This study used a mono-method research approach to collect customers’ cross-sectional responses using structured questionnaires. The data were further analyzed using CB-SEM.

This study points out that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and environmental concern are demand-side factors that drive the intention of individual customers to adopt green banking services. The moderating roles of collectivism, age and gender are also discussed in this study.

The present study’s results suffer from mono-method bias as they are based on primary data analysis alone. This limitation can be addressed by incorporating a mixed-method approach.

Several policy suggestions are offered based on the findings on improving green banking adoption among individual customers. The proper incorporation of these guidelines will expedite a nation’s aspirations for sustainable economic growth.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore the demand-side factors that drive Omani customers’ intention to adopt green banking. Moreover, this study extends the TPB with environmental concern and personal values to examine the green banking adoption by individual customers.

This study aims to focus on delineating the drivers of intention to adopt mobile banking (m-banking) and its actual use among Islamic banking customers by extending the UTAUT2 model with the trust factor. The study also examined the moderating roles of age, gender and experience in the model.

An explanatory research design was used, and an online survey was conducted to collect responses from Islamic banking customers. A total of 329 completed responses were used to analyze the data. The partial least squares method was used for data analysis, and a multi-group analysis was applied for moderation-related analysis.

Trust positively and significantly influences the behavioral intention to adopt m-banking among Islamic banking customers. In addition, social influence, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation and habits significantly influence behavioral intentions among Islamic banking customers.

This study provides an extended UTAUT2 model that has never been tested in the context of Islamic m-banking. In addition, this study is expected to be the first scholarly research on Islamic banking in the Maldives.