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The purpose of this paper is to describe a communication reference framework in order to understand and support the implementation of ICT in corporate communication from a local perspective.

A practical framework was developed. Based on this, recent literature in the field of implementation of ICT in organizations was analyzed.

This analysis resulted into a communication reference model for the implementation of networked organizational communication (NOC).

The resulting reference model for the implementation of NOC is not theory‐driven, but is a practical base for understanding the situated nature of the implementation of ICT.

The applicability of this model can be viewed in three ways. First, one is able to use the model in cases to identify relevant factors in order to understand and intervene. Second, one is able to constitute a knowledge base in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of one's work. Third, it is an initial model that is expected to be improved based on further analysis of literature and implementation cases of NOC.

In order to understand and to intervene successfully, there is a need for integrated studies that monitor implementation processes. Multiple observations are needed over time in a variety of implementation processes. The presented framework is practical in nature and offers a thorough base for these integrated studies.

This chapter examines the Netherlands’ challenges in safeguarding its low-lying coastline against rising sea levels and the consequences of coastal defense strategies on marine life, particularly in relation to SDG14. Sea-level rise necessitates increased soft coastal defense strategies, affecting seafloor areas and marine biodiversity through sand extraction and sand nourishments. The use of hard structures for coastal defense contributes to the loss of natural coastal habitats, raising biodiversity concerns. The chapter explores the potential benefits of artificial hard surfaces as marine habitats, emphasising the need for careful design to prevent ecological problems caused by invasive species. Strategies for enhancing biodiversity on human-made hard substrate structures, including material variations, hole drilling, and adaptations, are discussed. The ecological impact of marine sand extraction is examined, detailing its effects on benthic fauna, sediment characteristics, primary production, and fish and shrimp populations. Solutions proposed include improved design for mining areas, ecosystem-based rules for extraction sites, and ecologically enriched extraction areas. The ecosystem effects of marine sand nourishments are also analysed, considering the impact on habitat suitability for various species. The chemical effects of anaerobic sediment and recovery challenges are addressed. Mitigation measures, such as strategic nourishment location and timing, adherence to local morphology, and technical solutions, are suggested. The chapter underscores the importance of education in Nature-based Solutions and announces the launch of a new BSc programme in Marine Sciences at Wageningen University & Research, integrating social and ecological knowledge to address challenges in seas, oceans, and coastal regions and support SDG14 goals.