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To start this discussion, I should like to give a brief account of the events that led to the establishment of the Joint Standing Committee on Records of Science and Technology of the Royal Society and Historical Manuscripts Commission and thus, ultimately, to proposals about the systematic preservation of the papers of present‐day scientists and technologists. In 1957 Mr Roger Ellis was appointed Secretary of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts and began his efforts to get the Commission more interested in records of science and technology. It was mainly at his initiative that a Commissioner with special responsibility for this type of work was appointed in the person of Mr Roger Quirk, a scientist by training, a mediaeval scholar and archaeologist. After lengthy consultations and discussions with scientists, Mr Quirk came to the conclusion that a useful first step would be the preservation of valuable labor‐tory records when their originators retire or die. To this end the Master of the Rolls and ex officio chairman of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, Lord Denning, wrote in 1964 to all Vice‐Chancellors and Principals asking them for their help. The response was very encouraging, but because of the untimely death of Mr Roger Quirk in 1965 and the failure to appoint another ‘scientific’ Commissioner, it seemed likely that the scheme might come to nothing.

As a relatively new city by North American standards, Vancouver experienced tremendous growth in the early 20th century. Constrained by its location on a peninsula and surrounded by water, early planning and engineering decisions supportive of citizen accessibility also encouraged and reinforced walkability through strong streetcar networks, walkable neighbourhood commercial areas and the availability of single family housing. Citizen engagement in emerging walkability projects was predicated by the successful stopping of a freeway through the heart of Vancouver. As Vancouver’s planning and engineering policy developed, citizens synergistically worked with the City on several emerging projects that reinforced connection and walkability across the city. Often incepted as demonstration projects, many of these initiatives have been adopted as city policy and have applicability in other jurisdictions.The walkability neighbourhood demonstration projects described can be replicated in other municipalities to create positive impacts on walkability and city life. The effectiveness of these approaches in walkability are echoed in the innovative Olympic Village neighbourhood which housed the athletes at the 2010 Olympic winter games. Many of the concepts and best practices developed in walkable community projects have been melded in creating a successful walking environment garnering world attention. By enhancing walkability in neighbourhood projects, communities strengthened their area’s sustainability and social networks. The synergistic work between the municipality and the community is vital to the success and effectiveness of demonstration projects that can be adopted later as citywide policy.

Begins by reviewing technical progress towards establishment of an effective and standardized, competence‐based vocational education and training system, and compares this progress with the system in Germany. Describes a number of respects in which the system is failing to meet its objectives. Certain stakeholders are happier with the new approach than others. Also describes the political agenda behind the introduction of competence‐based training, and compares the individualist, business‐centred policy in Britain with the more collaborative approach in Germany. Britain’s policy towards training is consistent with its policy towards the Social Chapter. Concludes that unless the political agenda is changed, regardless of any technical improvements made, retention of the current policy will consign Britain to a low‐skill competitive position with respect to the rest of Europe.

This Case Study gives an account of the factors that led up to the joint commissioning unit (JCU) within the health and social services scene in Shropshire; analyses the concept of strategic joint commissioning; and describes the role of the JCU and how it works.

Cognition and psychology have become central issues in economics. While this interest represents a radical change in economic theory, it does have a useful history that we believe is only partially recognized by contemporary economists. Although it is customary to cite Herbert Simon's important work in this regard,¹ we suggest Hayek's earlier work The Sensory Order (1952) should enjoy similar billing.

The central argument of this paper is that supported living — enabling people with learning disabilities to live in their own homes, with appropriate support — has a potential strategic role in addressing some of the current shortcomings in community‐based residential services. These shortcomings are described, along with the possible contribution of an approach in which housing and support are separated. Finally some of the current concerns about supported living are briefly addressed.

IT IS AXIOMATIC that journals like WORK STUDY leave politics severely alone. This is but sensible: whichever you praise, you will most certainly offend some of your readers. They are a cross‐section of the population and how they think (or vote) is their own business. It is not ours to inquire, nor, most certainly not to condemn.

Simon’s story is presented here; it tells of his change from his familiar world as a claims manager to an ambiguous world of consultants and projects. Simon recounts a kaleidoscope of emotions as his life is thrown into turmoil. In career terms it could be argued that Simon started and finished as a claims manager and therefore little in fact changed during the story. This would miss the fundamental changes in Simon from a motivated, confident and capable manager to timid and confused employee. Internally Simon was changed, externally no one noticed. A causal network is used to trace the patterns of connection through Simon’s narrative. This reveals his way of making sense of his experiences and allows his ontology of management and career to be explored. This leads on to a discussion of management implications.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of a police foot patrol considering micro-geographic units of analysis.

Six years of monthly crime counts for eight violent and property crime types are analyzed. Negative binomial and binary logistic regressions were used to evaluate the impact of the police foot patrol.

The impact of police foot patrol is in a small number of micro-geographic areas. Specifically, only 5 percent of the spatial units of analysis exhibit a statistically significant impact from the foot patrol.

These analyses show the importance of undertaking evaluations at the micro-scale in order to identify the impact of police patrol initiative because a small number of places are driving the overall result. Moreover, care must be taken with how small the units of analysis are because as the units of analysis become smaller and smaller, criminal events become rarer and, potentially, identifying statistically significant change becomes more difficult.

The purpose of this paper is to provide footwear designers, manikin builders and thermo‐physiological modellers with sweat distribution information for the human foot.

Independent research from two laboratories, using different techniques, is brought together to describe sweat production of the foot. In total, 32 individuals were studied. One laboratory used running at two intensities in males and females, and measured sweat with absorbents placed inside the shoe. The other used ventilated sweat capsules on a passive, nude foot, with sweating evaluated during passive heating and incremental exercise to fatigue.

Results from both laboratories are in agreement. Males secreted more than twice the volume of sweat produced by the females (p<0.01) at the same relative work rate. Both genders demonstrated a non‐uniform sweat distribution, though this was less variable in females. Highest local sweat rates were observed from the medial ankles (p<0.01). The dorsal foot sweated substantially more than the plantar (sole) areas (p<0.01). Sweating on the plantar side of the foot was uniform. Wearing shoes limited the increase in sweat production with increasing load, while the sweat rate of uncovered feet kept increasing with work and thermal load.

The observed variation in sweat rate across the foot shows that footwear design should follow the body mapping principle. Fabrics and materials with different properties can be used to improve comfort if applied to different foot surfaces. The data also demonstrate that foot models, whether physical (manikins) or mathematical, need to incorporate the observed variation across the foot to provide realistic simulation/testing of footwear.