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Article
Publication date: 1 June 2000

Simon Alvey

Examines work investigating the impact of the crisis on social welfare policies two Asian countries — Hong Kong and Korea, and argues that these two states were not prepared for…

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Examines work investigating the impact of the crisis on social welfare policies two Asian countries — Hong Kong and Korea, and argues that these two states were not prepared for the crisis. States that Hong Kong is adopting a neoliberal approach to social welfare, contrasting this with Korea taking unprecedented steps to restructure the social security system, after its economy nearly collapsed, taking a more developmental approach to social policy. Posits that only time will tell whether Korea’s momentum of change can be sustained, while in Hong Kong social security policy will still be dictated by a neoliberal agenda in the near future.

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International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, vol. 20 no. 5/6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-333X

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1984

B.C. BROOKES

Haitun has recently shown that empirical distributions are of two types—‘Gaussian’ and ‘Zipfian’—characterized by the presence or absence of moments. Gaussian‐type distributions…

136

Abstract

Haitun has recently shown that empirical distributions are of two types—‘Gaussian’ and ‘Zipfian’—characterized by the presence or absence of moments. Gaussian‐type distributions arise only in physical contexts: Zipfian only in social contexts. As the whole of modern statistical theory is based on Gaussian distributions, Haitun thus shows that its application to social statistics, including cognitive statistics, is ‘inadmissible’. A new statistical theory based on ‘Zipfian’ distributions is therefore needed for the social sciences. Laplace's notorious ‘law of succession’, which has evaded derivation by classical probability theory, is shown to be the ‘Zipfian’ frequency analogue of the Bradford law. It is argued that these two laws together provide the most convenient analytical instruments for the exploration of social science data. Some implications of these findings for the quantitative analysis of information systems are briefly discussed.

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Journal of Documentation, vol. 40 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1989

Recently Dr Erik Arnold, a consultant with Booz, Allen and Hamilton International produced an Evaluation Report which reviewed the UK Alvey Intelligent Knowledge‐Based Systems…

35

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Recently Dr Erik Arnold, a consultant with Booz, Allen and Hamilton International produced an Evaluation Report which reviewed the UK Alvey Intelligent Knowledge‐Based Systems (IKBS) programme. The report gives a history of the programme and indicates its main aims and strategies. Its recommendations and evaluation are based on a comprehensive discussion of the programme's achievements as well as its weaknesses. The evaluation report says that the programme has been a big success in reviving the fortunes of Artificial Intelligence in the UK. For various reasons AI lost its initial impetus in the UK in the early 1970s and there were very few scientists and probably only one university department that could undertake research and development when the Japanese announcements brought the field to the fore. Indeed there was very little interest and support from UK industry and commerce at that time.

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Kybernetes, vol. 18 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1990

Yuval Lirov and Viktor Lirov

In this paper we propose a new method for the creation of subject bibliographies. Our method consists of two phases: first, the raw bibliographical material is downloaded from an…

59

Abstract

In this paper we propose a new method for the creation of subject bibliographies. Our method consists of two phases: first, the raw bibliographical material is downloaded from an online bibliographical database (e.g. DIALOG), and then this material is processed using knowledge‐based means. We apply a meta‐programming approach in which the raw bibliographic material is viewed as a logic program upon which we develop a second‐order logic program. The second‐order program creates the subject bibliography by operating a rule base and the first‐order logic program. The entire system, named REX, was written in PROLOG and used to create automatically a subject bibliography on Applications of Logic Programming in Decision and Control.

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Online Review, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-314X

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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1989

Alan Duhs and Jim Alvey

The work of E.F. Schumacher is addressed in the broad context ofeconomic philosophy. His economics present a frontal attack onneo‐classical economics. He likewise rejects a…

1894

Abstract

The work of E.F. Schumacher is addressed in the broad context of economic philosophy. His economics present a frontal attack on neo‐classical economics. He likewise rejects a Marxist analysis of society. And while he shares some of the concerns of the institutionalists, he nonetheless stands apart from them in his questioning of the moral and philosophical foundations of the discipline. Schumacher can be considered a member of a fourth school – philosopher/economists.

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International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2000

James E. Alvey

Mainstream economists now consider their discipline to be a technical one that is free from ethical concerns. I argue that this view only arose in the twentieth century. In this…

4165

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Mainstream economists now consider their discipline to be a technical one that is free from ethical concerns. I argue that this view only arose in the twentieth century. In this paper I set out a brief history of economics as a moral science. First, I sketch the evolution of economics before Adam Smith, showing that it was generally (with the exception of the mercantilists) conceived of as a part of moral philosophy. Second, I present elements of the new interpretation of Smith, which show him as a developer of economics as a moral science. Third, I show that even after Smith, up to the beginning of the twentieth century, a number of leading economic theorists envisioned economics as a moral science, either in theory or in practice. Fourth, I sketch the decline of economics as a moral science. The key factor was the emergence and influence of positivism. Overall, I show that the current view of the detachment of economics from morals is alien to much of the history of the discipline.

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International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 27 no. 12
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

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Publication date: 26 July 2014

Lars Engwall, Enno Aljets, Tina Hedmo and Raphaël Ramuz

Computer corpus linguistics (CCL) is a scientific innovation that has facilitated the creation and analysis of large corpora in a systematic way by means of computer technology…

Abstract

Computer corpus linguistics (CCL) is a scientific innovation that has facilitated the creation and analysis of large corpora in a systematic way by means of computer technology since the 1950s. This article provides an account of the CCL pioneers in general but particularly of those in Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland. It is found that Germany and Sweden, due to more advantageous financing and weaker communities of generativists, had a faster adoption of CCL than the other two countries. A particular late adopter among the four was Switzerland, which did not take up CCL until foreign professors had been recruited.

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Organizational Transformation and Scientific Change: The Impact of Institutional Restructuring on Universities and Intellectual Innovation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-684-2

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1985

Recent seminars in Munich, London and Rome, which were sponsored by the International Defense Electronics Association (IDEA), comprehensively cover the state of the art in Expert…

54

Abstract

Recent seminars in Munich, London and Rome, which were sponsored by the International Defense Electronics Association (IDEA), comprehensively cover the state of the art in Expert Systems and gave the cybernetician in particular, an insight into this fascinating area.

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Kybernetes, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1988

QUENTIN L BURRELL

A probabilistic mechanism is proposed to describe various forms of the Bradford phenomenon reported in bibliometric research. This leads to a stochastic process termed the Waring…

80

Abstract

A probabilistic mechanism is proposed to describe various forms of the Bradford phenomenon reported in bibliometric research. This leads to a stochastic process termed the Waring process, a special case of which seems to conform with the general features of ‘Bradford's Law’. The presence of a time parameter in the model emphasises that we are considering dynamic systems and allows the possibility of predictions being made.

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Journal of Documentation, vol. 44 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0022-0418

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Book part
Publication date: 20 January 2005

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Power Laws in the Information Production Process: Lotkaian Informetrics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-12088-753-8

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