Shubham Shankar Mohol and Varun Sharma
Additive manufacturing has rapidly developed in terms of technology and its application in various types of industries. With this rapid development, there has been significant…
Abstract
Purpose
Additive manufacturing has rapidly developed in terms of technology and its application in various types of industries. With this rapid development, there has been significant research in the area of materials. This has led to the invention of Smart Materials (SMs). The 4D printing is basically 3D printing of these SMs. This paper aims to focus on novel materials and their useful application in various industries using the technology of 4D printing.
Design/methodology/approach
Research studies in 4D printing have increased since the time when this idea was first introduced in the year 2013. The present research study will deeply focus on the introduction to 4D printing, types of SMs and its application based on the various types of stimulus. The application of each type of SM has been explained along with its functioning with respect to the stimulus.
Findings
SMs have multiple functional applications pertaining to appropriate industries. The 4D printed parts have a distinctive capability to change its shape and self-assembly to carry out a specific function according to the requirement. Afterward, the fabricated part can recover to its 3D printed “memorized” shape once it is triggered by the stimulus.
Originality/value
The present study highlights the various capabilities of SMs, which is used as a raw material in 4D printing.
Graphical abstract
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Details
Keywords
Mohit Kumar, Shubham Shankar Mohol and Varun Sharma
This paper aims to develop a computational approach to analyze the mechanical behavior, perfusion bioreactor test and degradation of the designed scaffolds. Five types of pore…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to develop a computational approach to analyze the mechanical behavior, perfusion bioreactor test and degradation of the designed scaffolds. Five types of pore architecture scaffolds have been made using a computer-aided designed tool and fabricated through fused deposition modeling.
Design/methodology/approach
Compressive structural analysis has been performed using the finite element method to forecast the mechanical performance of the scaffolds. Also, the experimental study was done to validate the simulation outcomes. A computational fluid dynamic analysis was performed to ascertain the fluid pressure distribution, velocity profile, wall shear stress, strain rate and permeability of scaffolds. The interconnected pore architecture of the scaffolds plays a crucial role in enhancing the mechanical properties and fluid flow characteristics.
Findings
The scaffolds with continuous vertical support columns resulted in better strength because they provide better ways to transfer the load. The pore architecture of the scaffold plays a significant role in the path of fluid flow. Scaffolds with regular interconnected pore architecture showed better accessibility of the fluid. The degradation analysis showed that the degradation rate is dependent on the architecture of the scaffolds because of different surface area to volume ratios.
Originality/value
The simulation results provide a straightforward prediction of the scaffold suitability in terms of mechanical strength, perfusion and degradation behavior.