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This study aims to examine the effect of financial innovation, financial ratios, cost efficiency and good corporate governance on the financial performance of banks in Indonesia.

The data in this study are in the form of annual financial statements of conventional banks in Indonesia. The effect of cost efficiency, innovation and financial performance of banks in Indonesia is expected to be evident in 2009–2018. The research method used is the panel regression method.

The results show that financial innovation affects the financial performance of banks. Cost efficiency has a negative effect on the financial performance of banks. Financial ratio, which is proxied by the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and loan to deposit ratio, has a positive effect on return on asset and net interest margin. Financial ratio, which is proxied by nonperforming loan and equity to total assets, has a negative effect on return on asset and return on equity. Good corporate governance (GCG), which is proxied by the proportion of managerial ownership (PMO), does not affect the financial performance of banks, whereas GCG, which is proxied by the proportion of independent board of directors, has a negative and significant effect on the financial performance of banks in Indonesia.

These results are a warning to bankers and the government to be cautious when formulating a strategy for the financial performance of banking.

Cost efficiency and financial innovation are important for the financial performance of banking. However, the possible impact of cost efficiency and financial innovation in Indonesia does not have a significant impact. The study uses static panel estimation techniques to analyze the data.

Profitability is crucial for a company’s sustainability. This study aims to examine the influence of profitability and specific variables on the value of real estate companies in Indonesia.

The study uses a sample of 42 real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2023. A static panel regression approach was adopted, with the best model being the fixed effect model, verified through a robustness test.

The results indicate that the fixed effect model is the most effective in explaining firm value. Profitability, proxied by return on assets (ROAs), does not significantly impact firm value. This finding is confirmed by robustness tests using another profitability measure, return on equity (ROE). Additionally, company size negatively and significantly impacts firm value, while activity ratio and leverage have a positive and significant effect. Liquidity and company growth do not significantly affect firm value.

The research is limited to Indonesian real estate firms, cautioning against broad generalization to other countries or industries. The study could not demonstrate the influence of profitability on the value of real estate companies. Instead, firm value is influenced by company size, activity ratio and leverage.

Real estate firms should increase their activity, optimize funding and consider company size to enhance firm value.

This study contributes to the Indonesian real estate sector by revealing that profitability does not enhance firm value. Indonesian real estate companies generally have low profitability and firm value.