D. Saxena, S.N. Singh, K.S. Verma and Shiv K. Singh
An electrical power system is expected to deliver undistorted sinusoidal, rated voltage and current continuously to the end-users. The problem of power quality (PQ) occurs when…
Abstract
Purpose
An electrical power system is expected to deliver undistorted sinusoidal, rated voltage and current continuously to the end-users. The problem of power quality (PQ) occurs when there is (are) deviation(s) in voltage and/or current which cause(s) failure or mal-operation of the customer's equipments. Various methods are suggested to detect and classify single PQ event in a power system, the performance of such methods to classify composite PQ events is limited. The purpose of this paper is the classification of composite PQ events in emerging power systems.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes an effective method to classify composite PQ events using Hilbert Huang transform (HHT). The performance of probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier and support vector machine (SVM) classifier to efficiently classify composite PQ events is compared.
Findings
The features extracted from HHT are simple yet effective. SVMs and PNN classifiers are used for PQ classification. It is found that PNN classifier outperforms SVM with the classification accuracy of 100 percent.
Originality/value
Different PQ signals used for analysis are generated by simulating a practical distribution system of an Indian academic institution.
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Srinivas M.V.V., Mudragada Hari Surya, Devendra Pratap Singh, Pratibha Biswal and Sathi Rajesh Reddy
The purpose of this study is to explore the mist-air film cooling performance on a three-dimensional (3-D) flat plate. In mist-air film cooling technique, a small amount of water…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the mist-air film cooling performance on a three-dimensional (3-D) flat plate. In mist-air film cooling technique, a small amount of water droplets is injected along with the coolant air. The objective is to study the influence of shape of the coolant hole and operating conditions on the cooling effectiveness.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, 3-D numerical simulations are performed. To simulate the mist-air film cooling over a flat plate, air is considered as a continuous phase and mist is considered as a discrete phase. Turbulence in the flow is accounted using Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equation and is modeled using k–e model with enhanced wall treatment.
Findings
The results of this study show that, for cylindrical coolant hole, coolant with 5% mist concentration is not effective for mainstream temperatures above 600 K, whereas for fan-shaped hole, even 2% mist concentration has shown significant impact on cooling effectiveness for temperatures up to 1,000 K. For given mist-air coolant flow conditions, different trend in effectiveness is observed for cylindrical and fan-shaped coolant hole with respect to main stream temperature.
Research limitations/implications
This study is limited to a flat plate geometry with single coolant hole.
Practical implications
The motivation of this study comes from the requirement of high efficiency cooling techniques for cooling of gas turbine blades. This study aims to study the performance of mist-air film cooling at different geometric and operating conditions.
Originality/value
The originality of this study lies in studying the effect of parameters such as mist concentration, droplet size and blowing ratio on cooling performance, particularly at high mainstream temperatures. In addition, a systematic performance comparison is presented between the cylindrical and fan-shaped cooling hole geometries.
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Sanjeet Singh and Surya Majumdar
The purpose of this paper is to develop data envelopment analysis (DEA) models and algorithms for efficiency improvement when the inputs and output weights are restricted and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop data envelopment analysis (DEA) models and algorithms for efficiency improvement when the inputs and output weights are restricted and there is fixed availability of inputs in the system.
Design/methodology/approach
Limitation on availability of inputs is represented in the form of constant sum of inputs (CSOI) constraint. The amount of excess input of an inefficient decision-making unit (DMU) is redistributed among other DMUs in such a way so that there is no reduction in their efficiency. DEA models have been developed to design the optimum strategy to reallocate the excess input.
Findings
The authors have developed the method for reallocating the excess input among DMUs while under CSOI constraint and parameter weight restrictions. It has been shown that in this work to improve the efficiency of an inefficient DMU one needs the cooperation of selected few DMUs. The working of the models and results have been shown through a case study on carbon dioxide emissions of 32 countries.
Research limitations/implications
The limitation of the study is that only one DMU can expect to benefit from the application of these methods at any given time.
Practical implications
Results of the paper are useful in situations when decision maker is exploring the possibility of transferring the excess resources from underperforming DMUs to the other DMUs to improve the performance.
Originality/value
This strategy of reallocation of excess input will be very useful in situations when decision maker is exploring the possibility of transferring the excess resources from underperforming DMUs to the other DMUs to improve the performance. Unlike the existing works on efficiency improvement under CSOI, this work seeks to address the issue of efficiency improvement when the input/output parameter weights are also restricted.
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Ashulekha Gupta and Rajiv Kumar
Purpose: Nowadays, many terms like computer vision, deep learning, and machine learning have all been made possible by recent artificial intelligence (AI) advances. As new types…
Abstract
Purpose: Nowadays, many terms like computer vision, deep learning, and machine learning have all been made possible by recent artificial intelligence (AI) advances. As new types of employment have risen significantly, there has been significant growth in adopting AI technology in enterprises. Despite the anticipated benefits of AI adoption, many businesses are still struggling to make progress. This research article focuses on the influence of elements affecting the acceptance procedure of AI in organisations.
Design/Methodology/Approach: To achieve this objective, propose a hierarchical paradigm for the same by developing an Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). This paper reveals the barriers obstructing AI adoption in organisations and reflects the contextual association and interaction amongst those barriers by emerging a categorised model using the ISM approach. In the next step, cross-impact matrix multiplication is applied for classification analysis to find dependent, independent and linkages.
Findings: As India is now focusing on the implementation of AI adoption, therefore, it is essential to identify these barriers to AI to conceptualise it systematically. These findings can play a significant role in identifying essential points that affect AI adoption in organisations. Results show that low regulations are the most critical factor and functional as the root cause and further lack of IT infrastructure is the barrier. These two factors require the most attention by the government of India to improve AI adoption.
Implications: This study may be utilised by organisations, academic institutions, Universities, and research scholars to fill the academic gap and faster implementation of AI.
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Shiv Kumar, Abdulla and ChhatraPal Singh
The main aim of this paper is to examine the total factor productivity (TFP) and its components namely, technological change, technical efficiency change, scale change and…
Abstract
Purpose
The main aim of this paper is to examine the total factor productivity (TFP) and its components namely, technological change, technical efficiency change, scale change and allocative change in bakery industry in India.
Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on panel data on 35 Indian states for the period 2009–2010 and 2012–2013. Stochastic frontier function is employed to estimate the productivity growth.
Findings
The results show that TFP is driven by technological progress, followed by technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Allocative efficiency, however, has a negative effect on TFP.
Research limitations/implications
The bakery industry needs to define its innovation strategies, as these strategies lead to different outcomes that can be achieved only through the management of resources dedicated to the generation and implementation of innovations.
Originality/value
Using frontier production function takes the stochastic context into account for the dynamic behaviour of TFP and its components. Most of the past studies have assessed the TFP at the aggregate level using three-digit National Industrial Classification (NIC) or four-digit NIC code. An analysis at higher levels aggregation masks the variation in TFP and its components available at the firm level. This study uses five-digit NIC data to measure the firm specific TFP of bakery industry. Further, it looks at the contribution of technical progress (TP), technical efficiency, scale efficiency and allocative efficiency.
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A zero-day vulnerability is a complimentary ticket to the attackers for gaining entry into the network. Thus, there is necessity to device appropriate threat detection systems and…
Abstract
A zero-day vulnerability is a complimentary ticket to the attackers for gaining entry into the network. Thus, there is necessity to device appropriate threat detection systems and establish an innovative and safe solution that prevents unauthorised intrusions for defending various components of cybersecurity. We present a survey of recent Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) in detecting zero-day vulnerabilities based on the following dimensions: types of cyber-attacks, datasets used and kinds of network detection systems.
Purpose: The study focuses on presenting an exhaustive review on the effectiveness of the recent IDS with respect to zero-day vulnerabilities.
Methodology: Systematic exploration was done at the IEEE, Elsevier, Springer, RAID, ESCORICS, Google Scholar, and other relevant platforms of studies published in English between 2015 and 2021 using keywords and combinations of relevant terms.
Findings: It is possible to train IDS for zero-day attacks. The existing IDS have strengths that make them capable of effective detection against zero-day attacks. However, they display certain limitations that reduce their credibility. Novel strategies like deep learning, machine learning, fuzzing technique, runtime verification technique, and Hidden Markov Models can be used to design IDS to detect malicious traffic.
Implication: This paper explored and highlighted the advantages and limitations of existing IDS enabling the selection of best possible IDS to protect the system. Moreover, the comparison between signature-based and anomaly-based IDS exemplifies that one viable approach to accurately detect the zero-day vulnerabilities would be the integration of hybrid mechanism.
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Rashmi Aggarwal, Harsahib Singh and Vinita Krishna
The case is written on the basis of published sources only.
Abstract
Research methodology
The case is written on the basis of published sources only.
Case overview/synopsis
Doodlage, a start-up incorporated in 2012 by Kriti Tula, Paras Arora and Vaibhav Kapoor, used discarded waste to create sustainable fashion products. It had a first-mover advantage in recycled fashion goods in the first 10 years of its existence. The company contributed to sustainable fashion by providing an alternative to fast fashion production, creating enormous clothing waste and environmental degradation. In the first quarter of 2022, it saved and reused 15,000 m of fabric waste. From 2018 to 2021, the company grew 150% annually, targeting the right customers and regions to expand its business. It ensured that postproduction industrial waste and postconsumption garments were used to produce clothes. It also confirmed that the waste generated in its fabric screening process was used to create stationery items and other valuable accessories.
However, the sustainable fashion model that gave the company a competitive advantage became obsolete in 2022 due to increasing competition in the industry as various players using unique ideas entered the market. The company is encountering operational and logistical challenges that are affecting its performance. The demand for its products was also subdued due to high prices of upcycled and recycled clothes and less consumer spending post-COVID pandemic. The competitors of Doodlage offered multiple products produced using environmentally friendly farming and manufacturing techniques, attracting sustainable purchasers. What should be the new portfolio of products for the company to explore future growth opportunities? Considering their vast price, can consumers be encouraged to buy upcycled clothes? How should the company ride the winds of change in the industry?
Complexity academic level
The instructor should initiate the class discussion by asking questions such as how frequently do you shop for clothes? Do you care about the fabric of your apparel? After you discard your clothes, do you think about where these goods finally end up? Data on the amount of total waste generated in the fashion industry should be communicated to students to connect it with the importance of the concept of circular economy. Post this, the instructor should introduce the business model of Doodlage to bring the discussion into the context of the fashion industry before going ahead to discuss the company’s dilemma.
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Anil Kumar Dixit, Smita Sirohi, K.M. Ravishankar, A.G. Adeeth Cariappa, Shiv Kumar, Gunjan Bhandari, Adesh K. Sharma, Amit Thakur, Gaganpreet Kaur Bhullar and Arti Thakur
The purpose of the study is to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneur's choice of the dairy value chain and evaluate the impact of the value chain on farm performance…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to identify the factors affecting the entrepreneur's choice of the dairy value chain and evaluate the impact of the value chain on farm performance (profit).
Design/methodology/approach
Primary data were collected from dairy entrepreneurs in India, covering nine states. A multinomial treatment effect model (controlling for selection bias and endogeneity) was used to evaluate the impact of the choice of the value chain on entrepreneurs' profit.
Findings
Dairy entrepreneurs operating in any recognized value chain other than the value chain driven by the consumer household realize a comparatively lesser profit. Dairy farmers have established direct linkages with customers in urban areas – who could pay premium prices for safe and quality milk. Food safety compliance is positively associated with profit and entrepreneurs (who have undergone formal training in dairying) preferred partnerships with a formal value chain. The prospects of starting a dairy enterprise are slightly higher in villages compared to urban areas.
Research limitations/implications
Dairy entrepreneurs can make a shift in accordance with the study's findings and boost their profitability. It aids in comprehending how trainees (who obtained advice and training for raising dairy animals from R&D organizations) and non-trainee dairy farmers make value chain selections, which ultimately affect profitability. However, purposive sampling and a small sample size limit the universal implications of the study.
Social implications
Developing entrepreneurial behavior and startup culture is at the center of policymaking in India. The findings imply that the emerging value chain not only enhances the profit of dairy farmers by resolving consumer concerns about food safety and the quality of milk and milk products but also builds consumer trust.
Originality/value
This paper offers insight into how the benefits of dairy entrepreneurs vary with their participation in the different value chains. The impact of skill development/training programs on value chain selection and farm profitability has not yet been fully understood. Here is an attempt to fill this gap. This paper through light on how trained and educated dairy entrepreneurs are able to establish a territorial market by approaching premium customers – this is an addition to the existing literature.
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Shiv Nath Sinha and Tushar Chaudhari
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of CSR initiative of ITC Limited on the stakeholders especially impact on the learning outcome of primary school students. The…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of CSR initiative of ITC Limited on the stakeholders especially impact on the learning outcome of primary school students. The research further attempts to discover the level of impact of CSR on learning outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected from the rural areas of Pune in the state of Maharashtra and Mysuru in the state of Karnataka in India. The total number of data collected was 227. The data were collected with the help of self-administered questionnaires via personal visits to the schools using systematic random sampling method. Parametric test, t-test is used to test research hypothesis. Multiple linear regression analysis is performed to identify which aspects have better contribution towards overall impact level of the CSR program.
Findings
The study results clearly underscore the impact of firm’s CSR activities on the stakeholders. The study findings suggest a significant impact of CSR on the stakeholder, primarily on the learning outcome of the primary school students.
Practical implications
The study offers a new insight for the CSR heads of companies who are planning and implementing CSR initiatives of companies for widespread impact on the stakeholders. This study addresses the concerns of business managers and CSR heads to prove the potential of CSR initiatives and the measurement of the value generated for the society through CSR interventions.
Originality/value
The previously conducted research works have explored the impact of CSR on financial performance, organizational stability, employee turnover, customer retention, etc. This study advances existing body of knowledge beyond developed western economies by exploring the value of CSR in India and its impact on the stakeholders. This study finds the impact of CSR initiative on learning outcome. The study makes a novel contribution by not only determining the impact of CSR on learning outcome but also by going a step further to unfurl the various underlying factors which contribute towards the overall impact.
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Vikas Rai Bhatnagar, Ajay K. Jain, Shiv S. Tripathi and Sabir Giga
With growing stress at work, the need for scholars to focus on humanizing organizations is pressing. Scholars agree five factors lead to humanizing organizations. This study…
Abstract
Purpose
With growing stress at work, the need for scholars to focus on humanizing organizations is pressing. Scholars agree five factors lead to humanizing organizations. This study dwells upon one factor – employee strengths at work (ESAW) – problematizes, identifies the gap in its conceptualization, deploys critical social systems theory and reconceptualizes the construct of ESAW by taking key contextual factors into consideration. Thereafter, this study aims to develop a conceptual model and makes propositions related to the mediating effects of ESAW on the association of leadership style and employee performance.
Design/methodology/approach
Aimed at contributing to humanizing organizations, this conceptual study problematizes the construct of competency and the trait-based conceptualization of strengths in identifying gaps in the construct of competency for humanizing organizations. Next, the study deploys the technique of construct mixology for evolving the new construct of ESAW. To empirically test ESAW in the field, the authors deploy the critical social systems theory and develop a conceptual model. Further, drawing upon the conceptual model and the extant literature, the authors develop many propositions for enabling future research.
Findings
The study develops a new construct of ESAW that holds the promise of contributing to humanizing organizations. By embedding the current trait-based conceptualization of employee strengths to the context of the organization, the new five-factor construct of ESAW is indigenous to the field of organization science, hence, has a higher relevance. The study develops a conceptual model and makes propositions for empirically testing the new construct in the field that future researchers may focus upon.
Research limitations/implications
There is a compelling need for humanizing organizations. This conceptual study attempts to bring back the focus of researchers on humanizing organizations, within the framework of the market-driven economy. The new construct of ESAW has huge potential for theory-building and empirical testing.
Practical implications
Deployment of ESAW will contribute to humanizing organizations. The construct of ESAW is relevant to practice as it has evolved from the domain of organization science, unlike the earlier trait-based conceptualization of strength that emerged in personality psychology. Practitioners can deploy the construct of ESAW and achieve the two seemingly conflicting objectives of enabling employee well-being while also ensuring superior performance.
Social implications
Any contribution toward humanizing organizations forebodes increasing the social capital and the personal well-being of employees. If employees are happy at work, their productivity increases. As per the broaden and build theory of Fredrickson, higher well-being and productivity at work creates a spiral of positivity that transcends the working life of an employee. Hence, the study has huge social implications at times when the social fabric is stretched because of multiple demands on an employee.
Originality/value
Constructs developed in other fields and adopted in organization science have less relevance than those evolved in the domain of organization science. Past deficient conceptualization and practices persist unless scholars logically challenge it an alternative and improved conceptualization provided. The new construct of ESAW uses the method of construct mixology after unravelling the assumptions that impedes humanizing organizations.