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Online violence has been rampant in the past decade, intensifying the victims’ suffering owing to its rapid dissemination to vast audiences. This study aims to focus on online gender-based violence directed against young Bedouin women who have left their male-dominated home territory for academic studies. This study examined how the backlash against these students, intended to stop changes in traditional gender roles, is reflected in offensive TikTok videos.

This research is based on a qualitative-thematic analysis of 77 questionnaires and 30 semistructured in-depth interviews with first-year female Bedouin students aged 18–21 years.

The backlash was widespread, with young Bedouin men using offensive videos as “proof” that women have violated codes of honor and morality. The videos exhibited four types of gender-based violence: claims of immoral behavior, aggressive captions that take the footage out of context, allegations of immodest clothing and digital photo editing that produced fabricated results. Examining participants' reactions to the videos, this study revealed two patterns of response: passive acceptance of the situation and an active approach that included reaching out to powerful Bedouin men for solutions.

This research enriches the literature on online gender-based violence, particularly against women in traditional societies, and suggests practical steps: developing online media literacy in traditional societies, adopting a proactive approach and nurturing social self-competence in women who have been victims of online gender-based violence.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the construct of ethnicity can best be determined for empirical analysis in accounting research, particularly in the Pacific region.

This paper reviews relevant sociological and accounting literature. In addition, it presents the results of a case study where “first language” was used as a proxy for ethnicity.

The results of the literature review present six different research approaches towards determining ethnicity. Furthermore, it is found that “first language” was a justifiable determinant of ethnicity in an accounting education study.

The determination of reliable and valid proxies for ethnicity in accounting research is important for researchers, including those whose objective is to associate ethnicity with learning and teaching outcomes, accounting and financial reporting activities or behaviours.

In the context of accounting research, the value of this study is its challenge to the notions that culture and ethnicity are not only homogenous but interchangeable and to offer a reflection on how ethnicity can be determined.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether ethnicity makes a difference to the level of respect given to teachers by tertiary accounting students. In particular, it examines whether ethnicity has an impact on students’ perceptions regarding their teachers’ attributes and behaviors, which in turn influences their respect for their teachers.

First year accounting students, both domestic and international, were surveyed in New Zealand, Australia and the UK, using a purpose-designed online questionnaire. “Ethnicity” was categorized according to first language, resulting in three categories: Home, Chinese and Other International. Student responses to quantitative questions regarding attributes and behaviors were analyzed using MANOVA and ANOVA. Open-ended questions provided further insight into student perceptions.

Regarding teachers’ attributes, statistically significant differences are seen between the ethnic groups in qualifications, classroom control and professional qualifications or work experience, but not in teachers’ behaviors. The open-ended questions provided student contributions regarding respect. These included “clarity” and “good English skills.”

This research contributes to debates over the impact of ethnic diversity in the classroom. It also contributes to the debate over the definition of the concept of “ethnicity.” A comparison between three countries is unusual; all have significant numbers of international students. Value is added through the findings, which challenge often-held assumptions regarding stereotypical “Chinese learners.” The findings will also assist teachers who have large numbers of international students in their classrooms.

Using a life course perspective, we identified perceived events, transitions and trajectories in older adults' lives that contributed to and inhibited continuous participation in physical activities and exercise at three stages of their lives (ie, young adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood). In‐depth interviews with nine men and six women provided an understanding of how societal processes and opportunities, life course roles and transitions and individual meanings of physical exercise influenced the older adults' perceptions of and current participation in physical activity and exercise.

Investigates the differences in protocols between arbitral tribunals and courts, with particular emphasis on US, Greek and English law. Gives examples of each country and its way of using the law in specific circumstances, and shows the variations therein. Sums up that arbitration is much the better way to gok as it avoids delays and expenses, plus the vexation/frustration of normal litigation. Concludes that the US and Greek constitutions and common law tradition in England appear to allow involved parties to choose their own judge, who can thus be an arbitrator. Discusses e‐commerce and speculates on this for the future.

Examines the need for marketers of service innovations to be aware of barriers to trial and adoption. Considers the example of the introduction of interactive home video ordering services in the USA which failed in part due to inaccurate market segmentation and targeting. Introduces empirical evidence, based on Roger′s model of diffusion, that early trier segments exist for innovative services. States that the study′s findings are of relevance to other services such as cellular telephone systems and electronic funds transfer systems. Concludes that early trier segments should be targeted during initial marketing carried out by service providers, who will have studied potential markets and identified requirements of different segments.

For many years the senior citizen market has been eclipsed by the youth market. This has been especially true in the market for apparel. While manufacturers, such as Levi Strauss, have offered fuller‐cut clothing and jeans for the mature consumer, a void still exists in the fashion clothing market for older Americans.

LEBENSRAUM The London of Roman times, Elizabethan London, Pepys' London, the London of 1900, the capital of today — one after another successive maps in most atlases record the relentless growth of the metropolis over the years. But always the most rapid and sensational growth is seen between 1900 and the start of the Second World War.

SINCE THEY ARE now in possession of a modest amount of my own money each year, it was with more attention than I have devoted in the past to its predecessors that I studied the Library Association's balance‐sheet as at December 31 1979, which is printed in the June issue of the Record.