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The purpose of this paper is to explore the views of the primary and the secondary stakeholders on the current functioning of the fish quality and safety regulatory system in Oman.

The views on the fish quality and safety regulatory governance mechanism were elicited using a questionnaire survey.

Although specific benefits derived from the quality control (QC) regulations were recognized by both groups a number of key factors were highlighted for improvement such as funding, being more proactive, literacy, quality of fish received.

The paper has identified some weaknesses and constraints that hinder the effective and efficient functioning of the quality and safety regulatory systems and provided appropriate policy recommendations to make the governance of the QC regulatory system in the seafood sector efficient and effective and to mitigate public health risk.

Coase theorem is more interested in increasing the economic value of the transaction through a libertarian approach, i.e. free bargain than a utilitarian approach, i.e. maximum benefit to a maximum number of people. Ex ante Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) ensured that the stakeholders would arrive at an efficient outcome through bargaining and negotiation regardless of the initial allocation of legal rights. It also minimizes transaction costs to facilitate a voluntary resolution/settlement process; otherwise, it is costly to determine how much stakeholder value the same. The purpose of this study is to examine how the Coase theorem can enhance efficiency in corporate insolvency by facilitating effective bargaining and negotiation among stakeholders, minimizing transaction costs and ensuring optimal outcomes, regardless of the initial allocation of legal rights.

This research relies on a mixed method – quantitative data and qualitative data from the relevant stakeholders in the CIRP to verify the Coase theorem in the real world. The quantitative data collection involves a sample of 103 individuals categorized into three groups: advocates (71 participants), creditors (five participants) and resolution professionals (RPs) (27 participants). Qualitative data collection involves conducting personal interviews (PI) as the primary method, supplemented by panel discussions and observations during National Company Law Tribunal proceedings.

Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) helps creditors to recover their dues through a cost-efficient ex ante CIRP process. The structure of IBC is to minimize the harm caused by the failure of a private agreement/settlement. However, when private negotiation/settlement fails, the insolvency law allocates the rights to the party who values them most. The CIRP process has prioritised the economic principle of high-value ownership, thus allocating the rights to the higher-value owner.

This study focuses on practitioner responses within the CIRP, including practical insights from advocates, creditors and RPs.

The IBC has substantially reduced transaction costs by streamlining provisions and imposing stringent timelines to facilitate smoother negotiations. CIRP is a unique mechanism that provides a group solution while maintaining the balance between the stakeholders’ welfare and the process’s efficiency.

Stunting has emerged as a prominent concern on a global scale. Over the past seven years, the average prevalence has consistently exceeded the World Health Organization standards. This study aims to investigate the roots and model of stunting.

The samples were collected from 406 regencies (counties) and municipalities across 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2017 to 2022 and used the dynamic panel data analysis.

The findings showed that the food security index, poverty line, women’s years of schooling, the specific allocation of funds and hopeful family program negatively influenced stunting. Otherwise, village funds and fiscal decentralisation positively affect stunting. The results also confirmed that stunting had a dynamic impact. In addition, the effect of income per capita, the poverty severity index and government funds for education and health on stunting rates were inconclusive.

The policy implication of the study suggests that the government must consider the budgetary concerns of each region and focus on the regions that exhibit different needs.

This paper will contribute to the literature about the modelling of determinants of Stunting in Indonesia.