Shantanu Kumar Das and Abinash Kumar Swain
This paper aims to present the classification, representation and extraction of adhesively bonded assembly features (ABAFs) from the computer-aided design (CAD) model.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present the classification, representation and extraction of adhesively bonded assembly features (ABAFs) from the computer-aided design (CAD) model.
Design/methodology/approach
The ABAFs are represented as a set of faces with a characteristic arrangement among the faces among parts in proximity suitable for adhesive bonding. The characteristics combination of the faying surfaces and their topological relationships help in classification of ABAFs. The ABAFs are classified into elementary and compound types based on the number of assembly features exist at the joint location.
Findings
A set of algorithms is developed to extract and identify the ABAFs from CAD model. Typical automotive and aerospace CAD assembly models have been used to illustrate and validate the proposed approach.
Originality/value
New classification and extraction methods for ABAFs are proposed, which are useful for variant design.
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Arup Nag and Shantanu Das
The authors aim to report a novel encapsulation technology for probiotic bacteria, through which L. casei CRL431 cells have been successfully delivered in shelf stable dry and…
Abstract
Purpose
The authors aim to report a novel encapsulation technology for probiotic bacteria, through which L. casei CRL431 cells have been successfully delivered in shelf stable dry and intermediate moisture foods.
Design/methodology/approach
Manufacturing of the probiotic ingredient involved a proprietary technique using combination of controlled fermentation of the L. casei CRL431 cells, encapsulation in a food grade matrix and drying under controlled parameters.
Findings
The developed ingredient was stored at 25°C for a period of 12 months. The loss in cell viability was 1.9 log cfu g-1 after 12 months and maintained at 8.3 log cfu g-1. In vitro gastric juice and bile salts incubation revealed that the probiotic cells were better protected within the encapsulated than in the free form. The survival of the encapsulated cells was 5.0 and 2.1 log cycles higher than free cells in gastric juice and bile salt solution respectively. Fortification of probiotic bacteria did not have any negative impact on the sensory qualities of the foods mentioned above.
Research limitations/implications
The developed technology is only applicable for fortifying dried or intermediate moisture foods with beneficial probiotic bacteria. The water activity of the products needs to be ranged from 0.2 to 0.5. A higher moisture contained food will lead to bacterial proliferations, product spoilage and loss in storage viability of the fortified probiotic cells.
Practical implications
A general guideline issued by FAO/WHO states that any good effect of probiotic bacteria on human health can be obtained only if consumed at a level of 10^7 to 10^8 viable cells per day. Delivery of such a concentration of live probiotic cells is particularly challenging in the case of long shelf life foods. As shown in the results, the authors' probiotic powder is able to deliver over 100 million live cells per gram after 12 months of ambient storage. Even the foods fortified with this powder are able to deliver over 1 million cells per gram after six months of ambient storage.
Social implications
The developed technology rightly identified the gap for fortifying probiotic bacteria into foods stored under ambient conditions which is a real hindrance to reach out to consumers particularly in the developing countries where refrigerated supply chain and storage are not yet established in an efficient way. It is believed that millions of people in developing countries with a tropical climate would be benefited with the goodness of probiotic bacteria using the help of this technology.
Originality/value
The research work presented here is completely original and in-house research output of the Riddet Institute, Massey University, New Zealand. A successful commercialization of this new novel technology is deemed to be of very high value to any institution.
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Ramp meters in the Twin Cities were turned off for 8 weeks in the Fall of 2000. This paper analyzes traffic data collected in this experiment on travel time variability with and…
Abstract
Ramp meters in the Twin Cities were turned off for 8 weeks in the Fall of 2000. This paper analyzes traffic data collected in this experiment on travel time variability with and without ramp metering for several representative freeways during the afternoon peak period. Travel time variability is generally reduced with metering. However, it is found that ramp meters are particularly helpful for long trips relative to short trips. The annual benefits from reducing travel time variability with meters are estimated to be $33.1 million, compared to the annual ramp metering costs of $2.6 million in the Twin Cities metro area. Thus, the impact on travel time variability should be captured in future ramp metering benefit/cost analysis.
Shantanu Sharma, Sucheta Rawat, Faiyaz Akhtar, Rajesh Kumar Singh and Sunil Mehra
The authors intend to assess the village health sanitation and nutrition committees (VHSNC) on six parameters, including their formation, composition, meeting frequencies…
Abstract
Purpose
The authors intend to assess the village health sanitation and nutrition committees (VHSNC) on six parameters, including their formation, composition, meeting frequencies, activities, supervisory mechanisms and funds receipt and expenditures across nine districts of the three states of India.
Design/methodology/approach
The cross-sectional study, conducted in the states of Uttar Pradesh (five districts), Odisha (two districts) and Rajasthan (two districts), used a quantitative research design. The community health workers of 140 VHSNCs were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The details about the funds' receipt and expenditures were verified from the VHSNC records (cashbook). Additionally, the authors asked about the role of health workers in the VHSNC meetings, and the issues and challenges faced.
Findings
The average number of members in VHSNCs varied from 10 in Odisha to 15 in Rajasthan. Activities were regularly organized in Rajasthan and Odisha (one per month) compared to Uttar Pradesh (one every alternate month). Most commonly, health promotion activities, cleanliness drives, community monitoring and facilitation of service providers were done by VHSNCs. Funds were received regularly in Odisha compared to Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. Funds were received late and less compared to the demands or needs of VHSNCs.
Research limitations/implications
This comprehensive analysis of VHSNCs' functioning in the selected study areas sheds light on the gaps in many components, including the untimely and inadequate receipt of funds, poor documentation of expenditures and involvement of VHSNC heads and inadequate supportive supervision.
Originality/value
VHSNCs assessment has been done for improving community health governance.
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Shantanu Pramanik and Manab Kumar Das
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the flow and turbulence characteristics of a turbulent wall jet flowing over a surface inclined with the horizontal and to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the flow and turbulence characteristics of a turbulent wall jet flowing over a surface inclined with the horizontal and to investigate the effect of variation of the angle of inclination of the wall on the flow structure of the wall jet.
Design/methodology/approach
The high Reynolds number two-equation κ− model with standard wall function is used as the turbulence model. The Reynolds number considered for the present study is 10,000. The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are used for predicting the turbulent flow. A staggered differencing technique employing both contravariant and Cartesian components of velocity has been applied. Results for distribution of wall static pressure and skin friction, decay of maximum streamwise velocity, streamwise variation of integral momentum and energy flux have been compared for the cases of α=0°, 5°, and 10°.
Findings
Flow field has been represented in terms of streamwise and lateral velocity contours, static pressure contour, vorticity contour and streamwise velocity and static pressure profiles at different locations along the oblique offset plate. Distribution of Reynolds stresses in terms of spanwise, lateral and turbulent shear stresses, and turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate have been presented to describe the turbulent characteristics. Similarity of streamwise velocity and the velocity parallel to the oblique wall has been observed in the developed region of the wall jet flow. A decaying trend is observed in the variation of total integral momentum flux in the developed region of the wall jet which becomes more evident with increase in oblique angle. Developed flow region has indicated trend of similarity in profiles of streamwise velocity as well as velocity component parallel to the oblique wall. A depression in wall static pressure has been observed near the nozzle exit when the wall is inclined and the depression increases with increase in inclination. Effect of variation of oblique angles on skin friction coefficient has indicated that it decreases with increase in oblique angle. Growth of the outer and inner shear layers and spread of the jet shows linear variation with distance along the oblique wall. Decay of maximum streamwise velocity is found to be unaffected by variation in oblique angle except in the far downstream region. The streamwise variation of spanwise integral energy shows increase in oblique angle and decreases the magnitude of energy flux through the domain. In the developed flow region, streamwise variation of centreline turbulent intensities shows increased values with increase in oblique angle, while turbulence intensities along the jet centreline in the region X<12 remain unaffected by change in oblique angles. Normalized turbulent kinetic energy distribution highlights the difference in turbulence characteristics between the wall jet and reattached offset jet flow. Near wall velocity distribution shows that the inner region of boundary layer of the developed oblique wall jet follows a logarithmic profile, but it shows some difference from the standard logarithmic curve of turbulent boundary layers which can be attributed to an increase in skin friction coefficient and a decrease in thickness of the wall attached layer.
Originality/value
The study presents an in-depth investigation of the interaction between the jet and the inclined wall. It is shown that due to the Coanda effect, the jet follows the nearby wall. The findings will be useful in the study of combined flow of wall jet and offset jet and dual offset jet on oblique surfaces leading to a better design of some mechanical jet flow devices.
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Néomie Raassens, Hans Haans and Shantanu Mullick
The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown have hit the food service industry very hard. The COVID-19 outbreak has created a sharp downturn for firms in the food service…
Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown have hit the food service industry very hard. The COVID-19 outbreak has created a sharp downturn for firms in the food service industry, compelling actors across the whole food service supply chain to rethink their strategies. The purpose of this paper is to document the impact of COVID-19 on the food service supply chain, as well as to identify crisis management strategies food service firms use during the hectic early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic to survive the current and prepare for future pandemics.
Design/methodology/approach
We performed a qualitative descriptive study using 21 semi-structured interviews with actors across the food service supply chain (i.e. farmers, wholesalers and food service providers). Data were collected to shed light on food service firms' decision making during the hectic early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic to uncover various crisis management strategies used.
Findings
By integrating the disaster and crisis pyramid and resilience theory, four core crisis management strategies to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic are conceptualized, i.e. (1) managing resources, (2) diversifying strategically, (3) prioritizing long-term outcomes and (4) bonding socially.
Originality/value
The theoretical contributions include documenting the performance impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food service supply chain and exploring crisis management strategies food service firms employed during the hectic early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, functioning and survival during a pandemic, an emerging field in literature, are central to this study. Additionally, while recent research suggests that integrating crisis management and resilience literature may provide a more complete understanding of the organization–crisis relationship, these literature streams mainly developed in isolation. By integrating the literature streams of crisis management and resilience and applying these theories to the COVID-19 crisis, our study provides specific managerial guidelines.
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Ramkrishna Punjaji Manatkar, Shantanu Saha and Bishal Dey Sarkar
Animesh Patari, Shantanu Pramanik and Tanmoy Mondal
The present study scrutinizes the relative performance of various near-wall treatments coupled with two-equation RANS models to explore the turbulence transport mechanism in terms…
Abstract
Purpose
The present study scrutinizes the relative performance of various near-wall treatments coupled with two-equation RANS models to explore the turbulence transport mechanism in terms of the kinetic energy budget in a plane wall jet and the significance of the near-wall molecular and turbulent shear, to select the best combination among the models which reveals wall jet characteristics most efficiently.
Design/methodology/approach
A two-dimensional steady incompressible plane wall jet in a quiescent surrounding is simulated using ANSYS-Fluent solver. Three near-wall treatments, namely the Standard Wall Function (SWF), Enhanced Wall Treatment (EWT) and Menter-Lechner (ML) treatment coupled with Realisable, RNG and Standard k-e models and also the Standard and Shear-Stress Transport (SST) k-ω models are employed for this investigation.
Findings
The ML treatment slightly overestimated the budget components on an outer scale, whereas the k-ω models strikingly underestimated them. In the buffer layer at the inner scale, the SWF highly over-predicts turbulent production and dissipation and k-ω models over-predict dissipation. Appreciably accurate inner and outer scale k-budgets are observed with the EWT schemes. With a sufficiently resolved near-wall mesh, the Realisable model with EWT exhibits the mean flow, turbulence characteristics and turbulence energy transport even better than the SST k-ω model.
Originality/value
Three distinct near-wall strategies are chosen for comparative performance analysis, focusing not only on the mean flow and turbulence characteristics but the turbulence energy budget as well, for finding the best combination, having potential as a viable and low-cost alternative to LES and DNS for wall jet simulation in industrial application.
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Shantanu Dutta, Arup Kumar Biswas and Sukumar Pati
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the natural convection heat transfer and irreversibility characteristics in a quadrantal porous cavity subjected to uniform temperature…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the natural convection heat transfer and irreversibility characteristics in a quadrantal porous cavity subjected to uniform temperature heating from the bottom wall.
Design/methodology/approach
Brinkmann-extended Darcy model is used to simulate the momentum transfer in the porous medium. The Boussinesq approximation is invoked to account for the variation in density arising out of the temperature differential for the porous quadrantal enclosure subjected to uniform heating on the bottom wall. The governing transport equations are solved using the finite element method. A parametric study is carried out for the Rayleigh number (Ra) in the range of 103 to 106 and Darcy number (Da) in the range of 10−5-10−2.
Findings
A complex interaction between the buoyant and viscous forces that govern the transport of heat and entropy generation and the permeability of the porous medium plays a significant role on the same. The effect of Da is almost insignificant in dictating the heat transfer for low values of Ra (103, 104), while there is a significant alteration in Nusselt number for Ra ≥105 and moreover, the change is more intense for larger values of Da. For lower values of Ra (≤104), the main contributor of irreversibility is the thermal irreversibility irrespective of all values of Da. However, the fluid friction irreversibility is the dominant player at higher values of Ra (=106) and Da (=10−2).
Practical implications
From an industrial point of view, the present study will have applications in micro-electronic devices, building systems with complex geometries, solar collectors, electric machinery and lubrication systems.
Originality/value
This research examines numerically the buoyancy driven heat transfer irreversibility in a quadrantal porous enclosure that is subjected to uniform temperature heating from the bottom wall, that was not investigated in the literature before.
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Manas Ranjan Bhowmik and Shantanu Baidya
Industry 4.0 broadly implies the digital transformation of industrial works. In India’s industrial arena, the textile industry is extremely important in the non-farm sector, both…
Abstract
Industry 4.0 broadly implies the digital transformation of industrial works. In India’s industrial arena, the textile industry is extremely important in the non-farm sector, both regarding value addition and employment generation. This chapter attempts to think about new avenues of research while integrating different streams of literature. For example – literature on innovation, literature on the industrial ecosystem, literature on industry 4.0, and consequences for the Indian economy – all such streams of literature have been considered synoptically to think of a new research program. The focus of this research program is to explore pathways of synergizing these different literatures and thinking about how to integrate and apply innovations for the betterment of the unorganized manufacturing sector in India. The unorganized manufacturing sector is a vast area in India, so here, we focus on some specific sections of the textile sector which is the handloom weaving industry. How have changes in techniques happened within the handloom weaving sector so far? What are the possible ways of applying these new technologies in altering the products and processes within the textile sector? What can the government do in this regard? These are the research questions that need attention in today’s context, and we have not found serious works in this direction in the context of the Indian economy; hence, we are investigating these issues in this chapter.