Ji Li, Ying Zhang, Silu Chen, Wanxing Jiang, Shanshan Wen and Yanghong Hu
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between demographic diversity on boards and employer/employee relationship (EER) and to test the moderating effect of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between demographic diversity on boards and employer/employee relationship (EER) and to test the moderating effect of contextual factors such as a firm’s financial situation.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper analyzes data from over 1,000 publicly listed US firms and uses hierarchical regression.
Findings
Demographic diversity on boards of a given firm, such as ethnic diversity and gender diversity, should have positive effects on EER, which can be considered as an important dimension of overall human resource management performance in a given firm. Contextual factors such as a firm’s financial situation should moderate the relationship between demographic diversity on boards and the EER.
Originality/value
First, this research contributes to the current literature by showing that EER can be influenced by demographic diversity on boards, which further helps to highlight the beneficial effect of demographic diversity in top management team. Second, this study uncovers the moderating role of some contextual factors such as a firm’ financial situation. Third, this study also contributes to the corporate governance literature by studying the link between demographic diversity on boards and EER.
Details
Keywords
Xiangzhi Wei, Xianda Li, Shanshan Wen, Yu Zheng and Yaobin Tian
For any 3D model with chambers to be fabricated in powder-bed additive manufacturing processes such as SLM and SLS, powders are trapped in the chambers of the finished model. This…
Abstract
Purpose
For any 3D model with chambers to be fabricated in powder-bed additive manufacturing processes such as SLM and SLS, powders are trapped in the chambers of the finished model. This paper aims to design a shortest network with the least number of outlets for efficiently leaking the trapped powders.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a nonlinear objective with linear constraints for solving the channel design problem and a particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the nonlinear system.
Findings
Structural optimization for the channel network leads to fairly short channels in the interior of the 3D models and very few outlets on the model surface, which achieves the cleaning of the powders while causing almost the least changes to the model.
Originality/value
This paper reveals the NP-harness of computing the shortest channel network with the least number of outlets. The proposed approach helps the design of lightweight models using the powder-bed additive manufacturing techniques.
Details
Keywords
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of different parts (predictable and impact) of different types of speculative behavior (intraday speculation, medium-term…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of different parts (predictable and impact) of different types of speculative behavior (intraday speculation, medium-term speculation and long-term speculation) on future fluctuations in the underlying index.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors input information about heterogeneous speculative behavior into the HAR-RV model to study the effect of different parts (predictable and impact) of different types of speculative behavior (intraday speculation, medium-term speculation and long-term speculation) on the future fluctuation of the underlying index.
Findings
The authors find that the increase in intraday speculation will exacerbate spot market volatility; and the expected increase of long-term value speculation can reduce market volatility, but the shock of speculation will exacerbate market volatility.
Practical implications
The authors suggest that regulators should strictly limit speculative intraday trading, and also focus on the long-term value speculation that decreases market volatility, in order to guide the benign development of the markets that stabilize abnormal market fluctuations.
Originality/value
First, in view of the correlation between the futures and spot markets, the authors put forward a new proxy for the speculation degree. Second, the authors input heterogeneous speculative behavior into the HAR-RV model to study the effects of different parts (predictable and impact) on different types of speculative behavior (intraday speculation, medium-term speculation and long-term speculation) on the future fluctuation of the underlying index.
Details
Keywords
Chao Miao, Ronald H. Humphrey and Shanshan Qian
Hospitality workers are emotional labor workers because they must display appropriate emotions to their customers to provide outstanding service. Emotional intelligence (EI) helps…
Abstract
Purpose
Hospitality workers are emotional labor workers because they must display appropriate emotions to their customers to provide outstanding service. Emotional intelligence (EI) helps employees regulate their emotions and display appropriate emotions, and hence should help hospitality workers provide outstanding service. However, the strength of the relationship between EI and hospitality workers’ job performance substantially varied across studies. Hence, the purpose of the present study is to clarify the mixed findings and to examine if EI can improve hospitality workers’ job performance.
Design/methodology/approach
A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between EI and hospitality workers’ job performance as well as the moderators which condition this relationship.
Findings
The present meta-analysis indicated that EI is positively related to hospitality workers’ job performance (ρ̅̂ = 0.54); the relationship between EI and hospitality workers’ job performance is stronger when the percentage of married subjects is low and in feminine cultures; and this relationship does not differ between male-dominated and female-dominated studies, across educational levels, between collectivistic and individualistic cultures, between low and high power distance cultures and between low and high uncertainty avoidance cultures.
Research limitations/implications
This study uncovers theoretically important moderators that contribute to cross-cultural research, work–family literature and gender-related literature in hospitality research.
Originality/value
The present study builds a theoretical foundation and performs a meta-analysis to elucidate the relationship between EI and hospitality workers’ job performance and to identify the moderators which condition this relationship.
Details
Keywords
Shanshan Yue, Norkhairul Hafiz B. Bajuri, Saleh F.A. Khatib and Mohammed Naif Alshareef
This study aims to explore the relationship between managerial ownership and environmental innovation, particularly focusing on the impact of minority shareholder protection…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore the relationship between managerial ownership and environmental innovation, particularly focusing on the impact of minority shareholder protection within the context of China’s A-share listed companies.
Design/methodology/approach
The study employs a fixed effect model over a decade-long sample, analysing secondary data from nonfinancial Chinese A-share firms. The two-stage least squares (2SLS) method is adopted to address endogeneity concerns.
Findings
The results demonstrate a significant positive influence of managerial ownership on environmental innovation, suggesting that top managers who have a say in the boardroom are inclined towards sustainable development. The presence of minority shareholders' protection positively moderates this relationship, underlining their roles in fostering environmentally friendly development. The subsample analysis showed that these relationships vary between state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and non-SOEs. It also differs between heavily and lightly polluting industries, which indicates that it is not enough to just have internal self-management, and more external pressure is necessary in heavily polluting industries.
Research limitations/implications
Our study underscores the importance for managers to recognize the potential of aligning their ownership interests with environmental objectives. Companies can enhance their commitment to sustainability by fostering an internal environment that supports minority shareholder rights.
Originality/value
This study specifically focuses on the role of top managers and minority shareholders, providing new empirical evidence on how their influence can drive sustainable development initiatives. It is also among the few studies that differentiate between firm characteristics and pollution intensity, which provides valuable insights into how the impact of managerial ownership and minority shareholder protection varies across different contexts.
Details
Keywords
Yucheng Zhang, Long Zhang, Xin Zhang, Miles M. Yang, Shanshan Zhang, Shyh-Jane Li and Yu-Ying Huang
Drawing on social identification theory, this research aims to explore an important mechanism – patients’ perceived empathy from a hospital, which is defined as caring…
Abstract
Purpose
Drawing on social identification theory, this research aims to explore an important mechanism – patients’ perceived empathy from a hospital, which is defined as caring, individualized attention provided by the hospital – that explains how service quality influences patients’ loyalty to the hospital.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a structural equation modelling framework to estimate the mediation relationship between service quality and patient loyalty using two studies based on hospital employees and patients.
Findings
In Study 1, hospital staff survey data showed that service quality enhanced patients’ perceived empathy from the hospital. In Study 2, the authors confirmed and extended the findings of Study 1 by using patient survey data that suggested that patients’ empathy mediated the relationship between service quality and patients’ loyalty to the hospital.
Originality/value
The results of the two studies suggested that service quality increased patients’ empathy, which in turn improved patients’ loyalty to a hospital. The results extend the customer loyalty literature by exploring the critical antecedents and mechanisms of customer loyalty in the healthcare context. The studies interpret healthcare phenomena from the service aspect of fulfilling patients’ unique needs and providing a good hospital service experience. Moreover, the authors offer an insightful approach to explaining the service quality–patient loyalty linkage in the healthcare industry. Important theoretical and managerial contributions and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Details
Keywords
Shanshan Yue, Bajuri Hafiz Norkhairul, Saleh F.A. Khatib and Yini Lee
This study delves into the nuanced relationship between financial constraints, ownership structures (state-owned and foreign) and innovation engagement within China’s A-share…
Abstract
Purpose
This study delves into the nuanced relationship between financial constraints, ownership structures (state-owned and foreign) and innovation engagement within China’s A-share market, aiming to uncover how these dynamics vary across different industries and regional contexts.
Design/methodology/approach
By retrieving data from various datasets in China (2010–2022), this study analyzed the effectiveness of each variable, employing various dimensions to reflect innovation engagement among Chinese listed companies. Meanwhile, for the measurement of financial constraints, this study tested all four typical ones and opted for the KZ Index, as it is the most suitable for China’s A-share market. Then, by fixing the industry and year effects, the study examined the main and moderating effects. At last, in order to address endogeneity issues and capture the dynamic nature of innovation activities, this study follow the suggestion of Khatib (2024) and employed the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation.
Findings
The results demonstrate that while the government has introduced many policies to promote innovation, state-owned ownership does not consistently enhance innovation engagement as expected, especially when firms are in financial dilemma. Particularly, in Hi-tech industries, foreign ownership demonstrates greater interest and confidence in the innovation capabilities of China’s A-share market. Findings also reveal significant regional heterogeneity in the moderating role of ownership structures. While state-owned and foreign ownerships have a buffering effect against financial constraints in the eastern and western regions, but this effect is notably different in the middle part, even though it is China’s political heartland.
Originality/value
The findings offer a different insight for policymakers and corporate strategists, suggesting that targeted financial and regulatory policies that leverage specific ownership structures can foster innovation in different ways, particularly in financially constrained environments. However, how to stimulate innovation vitality in the middle part of China still requires further research.
Details
Keywords
Based on the theory of performance feedback, this study aims to explore the theoretical relationship between performance shortfalls and the financialization of non-financial…
Abstract
Purpose
Based on the theory of performance feedback, this study aims to explore the theoretical relationship between performance shortfalls and the financialization of non-financial enterprises. It further analyzes the moderating effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and organizational redundant resources.
Design/methodology/approach
Multiple regression analysis is used on 16,555 initial samples of 2,658 Chinese A-share issuing enterprises from 2007 to 2019 to empirically test the relationship between performance shortfalls and the financialization of non-financial enterprises, and an instrumental variables-generalized moments estimation model is also used to verify the robustness of the results.
Findings
The results reveal that the greater the performance gap below the aspiration level, the higher the degree of enterprise financialization. Moreover, EPU strengthens the relationship between performance shortfalls and financialization, whereas organizational redundant resources weaken the relationship between performance shortfalls and financialization.
Practical implications
Decision-makers should determine the aspirated performance level of enterprises to make investment decisions that are most conducive to the long-term development of enterprises. Each enterprise should establish scientific management evaluation and supervision systems to avoid financial investment behaviors that place too much emphasis on short-term performance.
Originality/value
This study finds that financialization is one of the reactions when performance of enterprises is lower than the aspiration level, thus expanding the functional dimensions of performance feedback and supplementing the research on the influencing factors of enterprise financialization. The results also reveal information about situational factors, helping identify the boundary conditions through which performance below aspirations affects enterprise financialization.
Details
Keywords
Hongmei Zhang, Shanshan Liu and Billy Bai
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the image transfer and its effects on exhibitors’ behavioral intention. Specifically, the study attempted to examine the effect…
Abstract
Purpose
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the image transfer and its effects on exhibitors’ behavioral intention. Specifically, the study attempted to examine the effect of mega business event image on destination and country image from exhibitors’ perspective and the effect of mega business event image on exhibitors’ behavioral intention toward the event.
Design/methodology/approach
The data for this study were collected through an on-site survey. Based on a sample of 393 respondents, structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed hypotheses.
Findings
The results showed that business event image has a stronger effect on country image than on destination image; event image has a significant effect on exhibitor’s behavioral intention toward the event directly and indirectly through the mediating role of country image; and country image has a significant influence on destination image.
Practical implications
The event organizer should improve the exhibitor’s perceptions of the event experience from providing a clear and attractive theme for the target audiences; exhibiting the products with the most cutting-edge technologies and offering various opportunities for forums and promotions; and planning and organizing the event in every detail carefully including the facilities, layout of booths, ambience and other related services.
Originality/value
The study expands the event type to business events, explores the image transfer process between event, destination and country and examines the effects of such image transfer on the exhibitors’ behavioral intention. The results confirm the explanatory power of image transfer theory. Attribution theory and halo effect are viewed as the mechanisms of image transfer.
研究目的
本研究的主要目的是考察形象迁移及其对参展商行为意向的影响。具体而言, 本研究(1)从参展商视角, 探讨大型商务活动形象对目的地和国家形象的影响; (2)探讨重大商务活动形象对参展商行为意向的影响。
研究设计/方法/途径
本研究的数据通过现场调查收集, 基于393份问卷, 使用结构方程模型检验研究假设。
研究发现
研究结果表明:(1)商务活动形象对国家形象的影响比对目的地形象的影响更大; (2)通过国家形象的中介作用, 大型商务活动形象直接或间接地影响了参展商的行为意图; (3)国家形象显著影响目的地形象。
实践意义
活动组织者应从以下方面改善参展商对活动体验的认识:(1)提供清晰且有吸引力的主题; (2)展示具有最前沿技术的产品, 并提供各种论坛和促销机会; (3)认真, 细致地筹划和组织活动, 包括设施, 摊位布置, 氛围和其他相关服务。
原创性/价值
本研究将活动类型延伸至商务活动, 探索活动、目的地和国家之间的形象迁移, 检验形象迁移对参展商行为意向的影响。结果证实了形象迁移理论的解释力。归因理论和晕轮效应是形象迁移的内在机制。
Transferencia de imágenes entre un megaevento empresarial, el destino y el país del alojamiento y sus efectos sobre la predisposición de los expositores hacía el evento
Propósito
el objetivo principal de este estudio es investigar la transferencia de imágenes y sus efectos sobre la predisposición de los expositores. Específicamente, el estudio intentó examinar (1) el efecto de la imagen de megaevento de negocios en la imagen del destino y del país desde la perspectiva de los expositores y (2) el efecto de la imagen de megaevento de negocios en la predisposición de los expositores hacia el evento.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
los datos de este estudio se obtuvieron mediante una encuesta in situ. Sobre la base de una muestra de 393 encuestados, se utilizó el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para probar las hipótesis propuestas.
Resultados
los resultados mostraron que: (1) la imagen del megaevento tiene un efecto más fuerte en la imagen del país que en la del destino; (2) la imagen del evento tiene un efecto significativo directo e indirecto sobre la predisposición del expositor hacia el evento a través del papel mediador de la imagen del país; (3) la imagen del país tiene una influencia significativa en la imagen de destino.
Implicaciones prácticas
el organizador del evento debe mejorar las percepciones del expositor sobre la experiencia del evento (1) proporcionando un tema claro y atractivo para el público objetivo; (2) exhibir los productos con las tecnologías más avanzadas y ofrecer diversas oportunidades para foros y promociones; y (3) planificar y organizar el evento cuidando los detalles, incluyendo las instalaciones, el diseño de las cabinas, el ambiente y otros servicios relacionados.
Originalidad/valor
el estudio amplía el tipo de evento a eventos de negocios, explora el proceso de transferencia de imágenes entre evento, destino y país, y examina los efectos de dicha transferencia de imágenes en la predisposición de los expositors hacía el evento. Los resultados confirman el poder explicativo de la teoría de transferencia de imágenes. La teoría de la atribución y el efecto halo son vistos como los mecanismos de transferencia de imágenes.