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The purpose of this paper is to investigate different baffles on mitigating liquid sloshing in a rectangular tank due to a horizontal excitation and to find out the optimal selection of sloshing mitigation for practical applications.

The numerical study is conducted by using a proven improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), which is convenient in tracking free surfaces and capable of obtaining smooth and correct pressure field.

Liquid sloshing effects in a rectangular tank with vertical middle baffles, horizontal baffles, T-shape baffles and porous baffles are investigated together with those without any baffles. It is found that the existence of baffles can mitigate sloshing effects and the mitigation performance depends on the shape, structure and location of the baffles. Considering the balance of sloshing mitigation performance and the complexity in structure and design, the I shaped and T shaped baffles can be good choices to mitigate sloshing effects.

The presented methodology and findings can be helpful in practical engineering applications, especially in ocean engineering and problems with large sloshing effects.

The SPH method is a meshfree, Lagrangian particle method, and therefore it is an attractive approach for modeling liquid sloshing with material interfaces, free surfaces and moving boundaries. In most previous literature, only simple baffles are investigated. In this paper, more complicated baffles are investigated, which can be helpful in practical applications and engineering designs.

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of nano polypyrrole-modified boron nitride on the performance of phosphate film.

By adding polypyrrole-modified boron nitride to the phosphate solution, a phosphate film is formed on the metal surface, improving its corrosion resistance. The effect of different concentrations of polypyrrole-modified boron nitride on the corrosion resistance of Q235 carbon steel surface was studied. The corrosion resistance of the phosphate film was evaluated using the copper sulfate drop test. The electrochemical corrosion performance of the phosphate film was assessed using the weak polarization curve method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The surface of the samples was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.

The results show that samples containing polypyrrole-modified boron nitride have a denser and more uniform phosphate film. When the concentration of polypyrrole-modified boron nitride is 0.6 g/L, the drop time of copper sulfate on the formed phosphate film can reach 219 s, which is a 189% increase compared to the performance of the sample without the additive. The current density is 1.06 × 10⁻⁶ A/cm² lower than that of the pure phosphate film, indicating the best corrosion resistance. Polypyrrole-modified boron nitride effectively promotes the formation of the phosphate film.

This study used the modification of phosphate solution using nanoparticles to investigate the influence of different nanoparticle concentrations on the phosphate film. The corrosion resistance of the phosphate film was enhanced, providing a method and theoretical guidance for the improvement of phosphate solution formulation.

Disaster risk reduction (DRR) researchers and practitioners have found that schools can play a critical role in DRR education, with many Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) developing initiatives to actively involve children in DRR education programs. This paper reports on a case study on an innovative Chinese NGO school-based program focused on participatory child-centered DRR (PCC-DRR) education, from which a PCC-DRR education framework was developed so that similar programs could be replicated, especially in developing countries.

After nearly a year of research involving follow-up interviews, fieldwork and secondary data collection from annual reports, news reports and official websites, a case study was conducted on the PCC-DRR education program developed by the One Foundation (OF), a resource-rich NGO in China, that focused on its education strategies and project practice in Ya'an following the 2013 Lushan earthquake.

Based on constructivist theory, the OF developed a PCC-DRR education program that had four specific branches: teacher capacity building, child DRR education, campus risk management and campus safety culture, which was then implemented in 115 schools and consequently evaluated as being highly effective.

The innovative OF PCC-DRR education program adds to theoretical and practical DRR education research as a “best practice” case. Because the proposed framework is child-centered, participatory and collaborative, it provides excellent guidance and reference for countries seeking to develop school-based DRR education programs.