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1 – 4 of 4Seyed Morteza Hosseini, Shahin Heidari, Shady Attia, Julian Wang and Georgios Triantafyllidis
This study aims to develop a methodology that extracts an architectural concept from a biological analogy that integrates forms and kinetic behavior to identify whether complex…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to develop a methodology that extracts an architectural concept from a biological analogy that integrates forms and kinetic behavior to identify whether complex forms work better or simple forms with proper kinetic behavior for improving visual comfort and daylight performance.
Design/methodology/approach
The research employs a transdisciplinary approach using several methods consisting of a biomimetic functional-morphological approach, kinetic design strategy, case study comparison using algorithmic workflow and parametric simulation and inverse design, to develop an interactive kinetic façade with optimized daylight performance.
Findings
A key development is the introduction of a periodic interactive region (PIR), which draws inspiration from the butterfly wings' nanostructure. These findings challenge conventional perspectives on façade complexity, highlighting the efficacy of simpler shapes paired with appropriate kinetic behavior for improving visual comfort. The results show the façade with a simpler “Bookshelf” shape integrated with a tapered shape of the periodic interactive region, outperforms its more complex counterpart (Hyperbolic Paraboloid component) in terms of daylight performance and glare control, especially in southern orientations, ensuring occupant visual comfort by keeping cases in the imperceptible range while also delivering sufficient average spatial Daylight Autonomy of 89.07%, Useful Daylight Illuminance of 94.53% and Exceeded Useful Daylight Illuminance of 5.11%.
Originality/value
The investigation of kinetic façade studies reveals that precedent literature mostly focused on engineering and building physics aspects, leaving the architectural aspect underutilized during the development phase. Recent studies applied a biomimetic approach for involving the architectural elements besides the other aspects. While the biomimetic method has proven effective in meeting occupants' visual comfort needs, its emphasis has been primarily on the complex form which is difficult to apply within the kinetic façade development. This study can address two gaps: (1) the lack of an architectural aspect in the kinetic façade design specifically in the development of conceptual form and kinetic behavior dimensions and (2) exchanging the superficial biomimetic considerations with an in-depth investigation.
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Keywords
The purpose of the paper is to showcase the significant achievements of Egypt's scientists in the 20th century across various fields of study such as medicine, physics, chemistry…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the paper is to showcase the significant achievements of Egypt's scientists in the 20th century across various fields of study such as medicine, physics, chemistry, biology, math, geology, astronomy and engineering. The paper highlights the struggles and successes of these scientists, as well as the cultural, social and political factors that influenced their lives and work. The aim is to inspire young people to pursue careers in science and make their own contributions to society by presenting these scientists as role models for hard work and dedication. Ultimately, the paper seeks to promote the importance of science and its impact on society.
Design/methodology/approach
The purpose of this review is to present the scientific biographies of Egypt's most distinguished scientists, primarily in the field of Natural Sciences, in a balanced and comprehensive manner. The work is objective, honest and abstract, avoiding any bias or exaggeration. The author provides a clear and concise methodology, including a brief introduction to the scientist and their field of study, an explanation of their major contributions, the impact of their work on society, any challenges or obstacles faced during their career and their lasting legacy. The aim is to showcase the important achievements of these scientists, their impact on their respective fields and to inspire future generations to pursue scientific careers.
Findings
The group of outstanding scientists in 20th century Egypt were shaped by various factors, including familial upbringing, education, society, political and cultural atmosphere and state support for scientific research. These scientists made significant contributions to various academic disciplines, including medicine, physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and engineering. Their impact on their communities and cultures has received international acclaim, making them role models for future generations of scientists and researchers. The history of these scientists highlights the importance of educational investments and supporting scientific research to foster innovation and social progress. The encyclopedia serves as a useful tool for students, instructors and education professionals, preserving Egypt's scientific heritage and honouring the scientists' outstanding accomplishments.
Research limitations/implications
The encyclopedia preserves Egypt's scientific heritage, which has been overlooked for political or other reasons. It is a useful tool for a variety of readers, including students, instructors and education professionals, and it offers insights into universally relevant scientific success factors as well as scientific research methodologies. The encyclopedia honours the outstanding scientific accomplishments of Egyptian researchers and their contributions to the world's scientific community.
Practical implications
The practical implications of this paper are several. First, it highlights the importance of education, family upbringing and societal support for scientific research in fostering innovation and social progress. Second, it underscores the need for continued funding and support for scientific research to maintain and build upon the accomplishments of past generations of scientists. Third, it encourages young people to pursue scientific careers and make their own contributions to society. Fourth, it preserves the scientific heritage of Egypt and honors the contributions of its outstanding scientists. Finally, it serves as a useful tool for students, instructors and education professionals seeking to understand the factors underlying scientific success and research methodologies.
Social implications
The social implications of the paper include promoting national pride and cultural identity, raising awareness of the importance of education and scientific research in driving social progress, inspiring future generations of scientists and researchers, reducing socioeconomic disparities and emphasizing the role of society, politics and culture in shaping scientific researchers' personalities and interests.
Originality/value
The paper's originality/value lies in its comprehensive documentation of the scientific biographies of Egypt's most prominent scientists in the 20th century, providing unique insights into the factors that contributed to their development and their impact across various academic disciplines. It preserves Egypt's scientific heritage and inspires future generations of scientists and researchers through the promotion of educational investments and scientific research. The encyclopedia serves as a useful tool for education professionals seeking to understand scientific success factors and research methodologies, emphasizing the importance of supportive and inclusive environments for scientific development.
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Keywords
Walid Shaaban Abdelrasoul Mohamed and Mostafa Attia Mohie
Paper aims to determinate caking paper manuscript cause through studying of the manuscript components, bio-deterioration and physio-chemical deterioration factor. It will…
Abstract
Purpose
Paper aims to determinate caking paper manuscript cause through studying of the manuscript components, bio-deterioration and physio-chemical deterioration factor. It will facilitate manuscripts and paper conservators to understand paper blocking and caking phenomenon.
Design/methodology/approach
The manuscript condition has been diagnosed by focusing on adhesion and fossilization regions. To achieve this, some methods of analysis and examination were used, such as visual examination, digital microscopy and scanning electron microscope were used to studying surface changes. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared microscopy were used to determinate of cellulose crystallinity, ink composition and identify the binding medium.
Findings
The results revealed the use of cotton pulp, and calcium carbonate was among the fillers that were used to improve the properties of paper. The crystallization of cellulose was lower in the first and last papers than the papers located in the heart of the manuscript. The most important reasons that led to the papers caking was the presence of fungi A. niger, Cladosporium sp, Chaetomium sp, by secreting some enzymes in combination with some other factors such as difference variation in temperature and moisture.
Originality/value
All deterioration factors participate with each other until rule the damage circle of the papers because one factor alone cannot stick the papers. It was inferred from the examinations and analyzes that were conducted for the samples.
Laurie Wu, Stephanie Q. Liu, Shihan (David) Ma and Lydia Hanks
This paper aims to identify platform-centric versus multiparty service failure on sharing economy platforms via topic modeling analysis of consumers’ negative online reviews. The…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to identify platform-centric versus multiparty service failure on sharing economy platforms via topic modeling analysis of consumers’ negative online reviews. The authors also sought to understand consumers’ reactions to these experiences by detecting negative discrete emotions. The authors then contrasted consumers’ responses to platform-centric and multiparty service failure through the theoretical lens of failure controllability.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used a large-scale data set containing more than 81,000 negative app reviews on eight representative hospitality and tourism sharing economy platforms. Topic modeling coupled with emotion detection algorithms revealed 11 themes reflecting diverse forms of platform-centric versus multiparty service failure and their associations with negative discrete emotions based on regression analysis.
Findings
The 11 themes reflecting diverse forms of platform-centric versus multiparty service failure were as follows: app glitch, customer service, locating and pooling, account issues, transaction, offer redemption, interface challenges, intermediary inaction, service lateness and cancellation, incorrect order and fee structure. The analysis suggests that platform-centric service failure is more likely than multiparty service failure to elicit negative discrete emotions.
Originality/value
The research enriches the understanding of platform-related service failure beyond dyadic service interaction. In particular, the authors bring to light two forms of platform-related service failure that warrant scholarly attention: platform-centric versus multiparty service failure. By uncovering the distinct negative emotional associations of platform-centric versus multiparty service failure, the research adds novel empirical evidence to the service failure literature and the relevant attribution theory. Findings offer long-term implications for the sustainable development of sharing economies and platform businesses in contemporary hospitality.
Details