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Article
Publication date: 13 July 2021

Ran Bi, Shady Ali, Eric Savory and Chao Zhang

This study aims (1) to numerically investigate the characteristics of a human cough jet in a quiescent environment, such as the variation with time of the velocity field…

219

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims (1) to numerically investigate the characteristics of a human cough jet in a quiescent environment, such as the variation with time of the velocity field, streamwise jet penetration and maximum jet width. Two different turbulence modelling approaches, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) and large eddy simulation (LES), are used for comparison purposes. (2) To validate the numerical results with the experimental data.

Design/methodology/approach

Two different approaches, the URANS and LES, are used to simulate a human cough jet flow. The numerical results for the velocity magnitude contours and the spatial average of the two-dimensional velocity magnitude over the corresponding particle image velocimetry (PIV) field of view are compared with the relevant PIV measurements. Similarly, the numerical results for the streamwise velocity component at the hot-wire probe location are compared with the hot-wire anemometry (HWA) measurements. Furthermore, the numerical results for the streamwise jet penetration are compared with the data from the previous experimental work.

Findings

Based on the comparison with the URANS approach and the experimental data, the LES approach can predict the temporal development of a human cough jet reasonably well. In addition, the maximum width of the cough jet is found to grow practically linearly with time in the far-field, interrupted-jet stage, while the corresponding axial distance from the mouth of the jet front increases with time in an approximately quadratic manner.

Originality/value

Currently, no numerical study of human cough flow has been conducted using the LES approach due to the following challenges: (1) the computational cost is much higher than that of the URANS approach; (2) it is difficult to specify the turbulent fluctuations at the mouth for the cough jet properly; (3) it is necessary to define the appropriate conditions for the droplets to obtain statistically valid results. Therefore, this work fills this research gap.

Details

Engineering Computations, vol. 39 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0264-4401

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 1 November 2023

Hamed Abdelreheem Ead

The purpose of the paper is to showcase the significant achievements of Egypt's scientists in the 20th century across various fields of study such as medicine, physics, chemistry…

1732

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to showcase the significant achievements of Egypt's scientists in the 20th century across various fields of study such as medicine, physics, chemistry, biology, math, geology, astronomy and engineering. The paper highlights the struggles and successes of these scientists, as well as the cultural, social and political factors that influenced their lives and work. The aim is to inspire young people to pursue careers in science and make their own contributions to society by presenting these scientists as role models for hard work and dedication. Ultimately, the paper seeks to promote the importance of science and its impact on society.

Design/methodology/approach

The purpose of this review is to present the scientific biographies of Egypt's most distinguished scientists, primarily in the field of Natural Sciences, in a balanced and comprehensive manner. The work is objective, honest and abstract, avoiding any bias or exaggeration. The author provides a clear and concise methodology, including a brief introduction to the scientist and their field of study, an explanation of their major contributions, the impact of their work on society, any challenges or obstacles faced during their career and their lasting legacy. The aim is to showcase the important achievements of these scientists, their impact on their respective fields and to inspire future generations to pursue scientific careers.

Findings

The group of outstanding scientists in 20th century Egypt were shaped by various factors, including familial upbringing, education, society, political and cultural atmosphere and state support for scientific research. These scientists made significant contributions to various academic disciplines, including medicine, physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics and engineering. Their impact on their communities and cultures has received international acclaim, making them role models for future generations of scientists and researchers. The history of these scientists highlights the importance of educational investments and supporting scientific research to foster innovation and social progress. The encyclopedia serves as a useful tool for students, instructors and education professionals, preserving Egypt's scientific heritage and honouring the scientists' outstanding accomplishments.

Research limitations/implications

The encyclopedia preserves Egypt's scientific heritage, which has been overlooked for political or other reasons. It is a useful tool for a variety of readers, including students, instructors and education professionals, and it offers insights into universally relevant scientific success factors as well as scientific research methodologies. The encyclopedia honours the outstanding scientific accomplishments of Egyptian researchers and their contributions to the world's scientific community.

Practical implications

The practical implications of this paper are several. First, it highlights the importance of education, family upbringing and societal support for scientific research in fostering innovation and social progress. Second, it underscores the need for continued funding and support for scientific research to maintain and build upon the accomplishments of past generations of scientists. Third, it encourages young people to pursue scientific careers and make their own contributions to society. Fourth, it preserves the scientific heritage of Egypt and honors the contributions of its outstanding scientists. Finally, it serves as a useful tool for students, instructors and education professionals seeking to understand the factors underlying scientific success and research methodologies.

Social implications

The social implications of the paper include promoting national pride and cultural identity, raising awareness of the importance of education and scientific research in driving social progress, inspiring future generations of scientists and researchers, reducing socioeconomic disparities and emphasizing the role of society, politics and culture in shaping scientific researchers' personalities and interests.

Originality/value

The paper's originality/value lies in its comprehensive documentation of the scientific biographies of Egypt's most prominent scientists in the 20th century, providing unique insights into the factors that contributed to their development and their impact across various academic disciplines. It preserves Egypt's scientific heritage and inspires future generations of scientists and researchers through the promotion of educational investments and scientific research. The encyclopedia serves as a useful tool for education professionals seeking to understand scientific success factors and research methodologies, emphasizing the importance of supportive and inclusive environments for scientific development.

Details

Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences, vol. 6 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2632-279X

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Article
Publication date: 24 September 2010

Ali Nazari and Shadi Riahi

The aims of this study is to analyze failure of two types of high‐strength low‐alloy (HSLA) steels which are used in wheel bolts 10.9 grade, boron steel and chromium‐molybdenum…

602

Abstract

Purpose

The aims of this study is to analyze failure of two types of high‐strength low‐alloy (HSLA) steels which are used in wheel bolts 10.9 grade, boron steel and chromium‐molybdenum steel, before and after heat treatment.

Design/methodology/approach

The optimum heat treatment to obtain the best tensile behavior was determined and Charpy impact and Rockwell hardness tests were performed on the two steel types before and after the optimum heat treating.

Findings

Fractographic studies show a ductile fracture for heat‐treated boron steel while indicate a semi‐brittle fracture for heat‐treated chromium‐molybdenum steel. Formation of a small boron carbide amount during heat treating of boron steel results in increment the bolt's tensile strength while the ductility did not changed significantly. In the other hand, formation of chromium and molybdenum carbides during heat treating of chromium‐molybdenum steel increased the bolt's tensile strength with a considerable reduction in the final ductility.

Originality/value

This paper evaluates failure analysis of HSLA wheel bolt steels and compares their microstructure before and after the loading regime.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 6 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

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Article
Publication date: 14 May 2018

Shadi Habis Abualoush, Abdallah Mishael Obeidat, Ali Tarhini, Ra’ed Masa’deh and Ali Al-Badi

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships among knowledge management (KM), information systems (IS) and employees’ empowerment (EE) on employees’…

6392

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships among knowledge management (KM), information systems (IS) and employees’ empowerment (EE) on employees’ performance (EP).

Design/methodology/approach

Accordingly, a structural model is developed that delineates the interactions among these constructs and explores the mediating effect of EE on the relationship between KM, IS and EP. A questionnaire-based survey was designed to test the aforementioned model based on dataset of 287 employees’ pharmaceutical industries in Jordan. The model and posited hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling analysis.

Findings

The results indicated that KM and IS positively and significantly affect EE, in which the latter impact EP as well. However, neither KM nor IS proved to be positively related to EP. Additionally, EE positively and significantly mediated the relationship between KM and EP, besides the relationship between IS and EP.

Originality/value

This is one of the few studies which investigate the interrelationships among KM, IS and EE on EP, and the first to test the model on companies in the pharmaceutical industries in Jordan.

Details

VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, vol. 48 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2059-5891

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Article
Publication date: 6 January 2021

Shadi Ahmadi and Mohammad Javad Ershadi

The current extensive business ecosystem, characterized by technological advances and development, impressive customers, and increasing social concerns, has exerted great pressure…

781

Abstract

Purpose

The current extensive business ecosystem, characterized by technological advances and development, impressive customers, and increasing social concerns, has exerted great pressure on business organizations. Among different business values for affording this pressure, organizational agility is a critical factor that should be carefully incorporated in business processes. The main purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of social networking technology, as a crucial collaborative tool, on organizational agility.

Design/methodology/approach

A model based on structural equations was designed in this regard. The constructs of this model are quality of service, varieties of services, costs and speed of service as independent variables and also agility management as a dependent variable. Based on the conceptual model, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the experts of social networking technology and agility management. Based on Cochran's formula the sample size was 384. The response rate was 100%. The main statistical measures such as Chi-square ratio to the degree of freedom, Non-soft Fitness Index (RMSEA), Goodness of Fit Index (GFI) and Modified fitness index (AGFI) were employed for analyzing the model.

Findings

Results of obtained data indicated that a variety of services as the main factor of social networking technology has the most impact on the agility of a company. Then, the speed of service, service quality and costs were ranked respectively in second to fourth. Providing information technology (IT) service perceptions, promoting the service climate and thorough identification of IT requirements are the main critical success factors for maintaining a robust impact of social networking technology on organizational agility. Moreover, a well-designed enterprise structure alongside employing newly developed IT infrastructures such as cloud computing certainly improves the capabilities of organizations to improve their agility.

Originality/value

Although the literature suggests a positive impact among IT or social networks on organizational agility, it is deficient in relation to considering the impact of social networking. Furthermore, a structural equation model (SEM) is used for assessing unobservable latent constructs and their related interrelationship.

Details

Journal of Advances in Management Research, vol. 18 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0972-7981

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Article
Publication date: 19 December 2024

Leila Nemati-Anaraki, Sogand Dehghan, Shadi Asadzandi and Shiva Malgard

This study aims to adopt text mining to discover emerging topics in librarianship and information science research in the last decade. Based on the number of citations obtained…

17

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to adopt text mining to discover emerging topics in librarianship and information science research in the last decade. Based on the number of citations obtained during the previous 10 years, the authors selected emerging topics in this study and evaluated the strength of their presence. Additionally, the authors determined if the trend was substantial over time and identified the active topics in library and information science (LIS) through the past 10 years.

Design/methodology/approach

All library and medical information studies were retrieved by the WC = “Information Science & Library Science” tag in the Web of Science. Python programming was used for data analysis. The topics were identified by combining the unsupervised deep learning algorithms TOP2VEC and the term frequency-inverse document frequency and also the Mann–Kendall trend test is used to determine whether the trend was significant over time.

Findings

Following text mining, the total data from 2012 to 2021 was 63,712. Eleven main topics were also extracted: academic education of LIS, acquisition and collection development, publishing articles, cataloging and classification, journalism, knowledge management, infometrics, social media, university ranking, information and communication technologies and information storage and retrieval. Knowledge management has experienced the greatest growth over the past 10 years.

Originality/value

This analysis reveals which fields are prioritized and which are neglected by the LIS. The findings of this study can help researchers discover newer topics, focus on less-seen subjects and prevent repetitive research in one area.

Details

Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9342

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Article
Publication date: 26 May 2023

Lara Al-Haddad and Shadi Al-Ghoul

This study aims to inspect the impact of earnings quality on corporate cash holdings of Jordanian companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange.

371

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to inspect the impact of earnings quality on corporate cash holdings of Jordanian companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines a large sample of (98) Jordanian companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange during the period that ranges from 2009 to 2019. Earnings quality was computed using two different methods; firstly, through the absolute abnormal discretionary accruals (as an inverse measure of earnings quality), which were estimated using the Dechow et al.’s (1995) cross-sectional version of the Modified Jones model and the Kothari et al. (2005) model; and secondly, through earnings persistence as a direct measure of earnings quality.

Findings

The empirical results of this study reveal that poor accounting quality (high levels of abnormal discretionary accruals) is associated with higher levels of cash holdings, implying that as the quality of earnings decreases, the harmful effects of information asymmetry and adverse selection costs will increase, leading, therefore, Jordanian companies to increase their corporate cash holdings levels to act as a buffer against any cash shortages. Further, the authors document that higher accounting quality (more persistent earnings) is associated with lower levels of cash holdings. In addition, this study found that earnings quality negatively and significantly affects the cash holdings of profitable companies in Jordan. Thus, earnings quality appeared to be a significant determinant of cash holdings for profit-making companies but not for companies enduring losses.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the limited evidence that investigates the relationship between earnings quality and corporate cash holdings. Where the majority of previous studies have focused on developed economies, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first in Jordan to comprehensively explore the relationship between earnings quality, computed by the absolute abnormal discretionary accruals and earnings persistence, and corporate cash holdings. Also, it is the first to explore the nature of the earnings quality-cash holding nexus in loss-making companies compared with their profit-making counterparts to the best of the authors’ knowledge. The results of this study have important policy implications for managers, creditors, investors and academics in Jordan and other emerging economies that share similar characteristics.

Details

Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1985-2517

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Article
Publication date: 5 August 2021

Ali Nawaz Khan, Naseer Abbas Khan and Ali Ahmad Bodla

High-performing employees are a hotel’s most important asset: they care for what they do, go beyond and beyond the scope of duty and continually strive to do better. The purpose…

1732

Abstract

Purpose

High-performing employees are a hotel’s most important asset: they care for what they do, go beyond and beyond the scope of duty and continually strive to do better. The purpose of this multi-level study is to look into the influence of high-talent turnover on organizational reputation via social capital and trust deficits. Furthermore, the current research explores the influence of human capital investment (HCI) on the mediating effects of trust deficit and social capital in the association between high talent turnover rate and organizational reputation using human resource theory and social capital theory.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examined the hypotheses using multi-source and multi-times data of 805 respondents (including senior human resources officers and employees) from 85 hotels.

Findings

The present study revealed interesting findings that the HCI failed to buffer the interfering role of trust deficit in the negative association between high-performing personnel turnover rate and organizational reputation.

Practical implications

High-performing personnel turnover and underlying mechanisms play a significant role in eroding a hotel’s reputation in the hotel industry. Hotel management should focus on reducing high-performing talent turnover and underlying mechanisms to maintain and improve the hotel’s reputation.

Originality/value

This study provides better understating into the process by exploring that high-performer turnover can damage an organization’s reputation, which has been overlooked by academics who researched the hotel industry.

Details

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 33 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-6119

Keywords

Available. Content available
Article
Publication date: 13 March 2009

Abbas J. Ali

435

Abstract

Details

International Journal of Commerce and Management, vol. 19 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1056-9219

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Article
Publication date: 25 June 2024

Ali Rehman and Tariq Umar

This research paper explores the transformative potential of Industry 5.0 for environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors within corporate settings. This study aims to…

443

Abstract

Purpose

This research paper explores the transformative potential of Industry 5.0 for environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors within corporate settings. This study aims to elucidate the role of Industry 5.0 and its related technologies in influencing ESG factors, explore potential risks linked to ESG and present strategies for mitigation through Industry 5.0.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is the literature review that introduces Industry 5.0 as a pivotal factor in implementing and mitigating ESG and its related risks. It outlines Industry 5.0's characteristics, driven by advanced technologies.

Findings

Literature reviews suggest that Industry 5.0 has the potential to significantly influence ESG factors within corporate settings. It can promote sustainability, enhance working conditions and offer operational advantages.

Practical implications

The practical implications of this research paper are twofold. First, it provides valuable insights to policymakers, organizations and regulatory bodies, guiding them in adapting their frameworks to embrace Industry 5.0. This adaptation is essential for achieving ESG goals and facilitating sustainable development. Second, it highlights the critical role of Industry 5.0 in mitigating ESG-related risks, offering a robust structure for sustainable development.

Originality/value

This research paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the transformative potential of Industry 5.0 in the context of ESG. It offers a comprehensive exploration of the historical evolution of corporate governance, the integration of sustainability and the growing focus on ESG. It also highlights the originality and value of Industry 5.0 as a critical mitigating factor for ESG-related risks, presenting a holistic approach to sustainable corporate practices.

Details

Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, vol. 25 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1472-0701

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